初中虛擬語氣講解及專項練習與答案帶解析

1、虛擬語氣講解語氣 (mood) 是一種動詞形式，用以表示說話者的意圖或態(tài)度。 英語中的語氣有三種：陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。直陳語氣(indicative mood),表示所說的話是事實。祈使語氣 (imperative mood),表示所說的話是請求或命令。虛擬語氣(subjunctive mood),表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實相反的假設等。一. 虛擬語氣在條件句中的應用學習虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法之前我們必須清楚條件句的種類：條件句有真實條件句與非真實條件句(或稱虛擬條件句)兩種。真實條件句所表的假設是可能發(fā)生或實現(xiàn)的，句中的條件從句與結果主

2、句都用陳述語氣。如： If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起來。虛擬條件句所表的假設則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或實現(xiàn)的，句中的條件從句與結果主句皆須用虛擬語氣。條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反If 主語 +動詞過去式（be的過去式用were）should （would, might， could）+動詞原形與過去事實相反If 主語 +had+過去分詞should （ would, might， could）+

3、have 過去分詞 與將來事實可能相反If 主語 +動詞過去式（be的過去式用were）； should動詞原形；were to動詞原形should （would, might， could）+動詞原形1. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句，條件從句的謂語用動詞的過去式 (be的過去式用were), 主句的謂語用should （would, might， could）+動詞原形。如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話，我們就出去野餐了。（事實是：天在下雨，我們不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）If he came here

4、, he might be able to help you. 如果他來這，他就能夠幫助你了。（事實是：他沒來這，他不可能幫助你。表示對他的良好印象。）2. 與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句，條件從句的謂語用had+過去分詞，主句的謂語用should （ would, might， could）+ have 過去分詞。如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要是當初她被邀請的話，她就會去參加這次聚會了。（事實是：當時沒有人邀請她，因此，她沒有來參加聚會。表示后悔。）If she hadnt called me, I wou

5、ld have overslept this morning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的話，我就會睡過頭了。（事實是：她今天早上叫我了，我沒有睡過頭。表示感激。）3. 與將來事實可能相反的虛擬條件句，條件從句的謂語用動詞的過去式(be的過去式用were)； should動詞原形；were to動詞原形，主句用should （would, might， could）+動詞原形。如： If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French. 明年我要是二十歲，我就會學法語。（事實是：我現(xiàn)在已經老了，明

6、年我學不了法語了。） If it should fail, I would try again.要是失敗了，我會再試一次。（ 事實是：有可能失敗，可我會再試。表示未知。）虛擬語氣專練1. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading 2. You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier you _ him. A. come ,wou

7、ld meet B. had come, would have met C. come, will meet D. had come, would meet 3.The two students talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 4. It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 5. He look

8、ed as if he _ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been 6. If the doctor had come earlier the poor child would not _. A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours 7. I wish that I _ with you

9、 last night. A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone 8.Lets say you could go there again how _ feel A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you 9.I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known 10._ the fog we should have reach

10、ed our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for 11.If you had told me in advance I _ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_ me how. A. teaches B. w

11、ill teach C. has taught D. would teach 13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I _ so busy then.A. had been B. were C. was D. would be 14.Hes working hard for fear that he _. A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind 15. If it _ another ten m

12、inutes the game would have been called off. A. had rained B. would have rained C. have seen D. rained 16.He suggested that they _ use a trick instead of fighting. A. Should B. would C. do D. had 17.My father did not go to New York the doctor suggested that he _ there.A. not went B. wont go C. not go

13、 D. not to go 18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _ time.A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had 19.Would you rather I _ buying a new bike A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided D. shall decide against 20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _. A. go to sleep B.

14、went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed 21.Why didnt you buy a new car I would have bought one if I _ enough money. A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had22.If she could sew _. A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt C. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat 23._ today

15、he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 24.His doctor suggested that he _ a short trip abroad. A. will take B. would take C. take D. took 25.The Bakers arrived last night. If theyd only let us know earlier_ at the station. A. wed meet the

16、m B. well meet them C. wed have met them D. weve met them 26.If I _ you I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was, shall pay B. am, will pay C. would be, would pay D. were, would pay 27.We might have failed if you _ us a helping hand. A. have not given B. would not give C. had not giv

17、en D. did not give 28.The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year.A. has B. had C. have D. will have 29.It is strange that he _ so. A. would say B. would speak C. should say D. will speak 30.Had I known her name _ A. or does she know mine B. and where does she live C. she w

18、ould be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch. 31. He has just arrived but he talks as if he _ all about that. A. know B. knows C. known D. knew 32. If I _ the money I would have bought a much bigger car. A. possessed B. owned C. had D. had had 33. He was very busy yesterday otherwise he _

19、 to the meeting.A. would come B. came C. would have come D. will come 34.The librarian insists that John _ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed. A. will take B. took C. take D. takes 35. I left very early last night but I wish I _ so early. A. didnt leave B.

20、 hadnt left C. havent left D. couldnt leave 36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _ no time. A. had B. didnt have C. had had D. have 37.I wish that you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. hadnt B. didnt have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have38.He in

21、sisted that we all _ in his office at one oclock. A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be 39. - Helen couldnt go to France after all. -Thats too bad. Im sure she would have enjoyed it if _. A. shes gone B. shell go C. shed gone D. shed go 40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _ an hou

22、r before the discussion begins. A. go B. shall go C. will go D. would go 15 BBDAD 610 DDCAD 1115 CDCAA1620 ACAAD2125 DBCCC 2630 DCCCD 3135 DDCCB 3639 DCAC解析：1.wish后面用虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實相反用過去完成時。2.條件句表示與過去事實相反，主句用過去將來完成時，從句用過去完成時。3.as if后面如果表示真實情況就不用虛擬。4.It is important that是主語從句的虛擬語氣，從句用sb. should do的形式。5.as if后面是真實情況，不虛擬。6.lain是lie的過去分詞，表示“躺”。7.could have done表示“本來可以”。8.與將來相反的虛擬語氣，主句用過去將來時。9.as if表示不可能發(fā)生的事情時用虛擬語氣。10.but for表示“要不是的話”，通常與虛擬語氣搭配使用。11.in advance表示“事先”，表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。12.wish的賓語從句表示發(fā)生在將來的愿望用過去將來時。13.but的并列句表示真實情況，不用虛擬語氣。14.for fear that后面的狀語從句用sb. should do的形式。15.表示與過去事實相反，主句用過去將來完成時