華工化工過(guò)程安全答案

1、姓名 學(xué)號(hào) 學(xué)院 專業(yè) 座位號(hào) ( 密 封 線 內(nèi) 不 答 題 )密封線線_ _ 誠(chéng)信應(yīng)考,考試作弊將帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重后果！華南理工大學(xué)期末考試化工過(guò)程安全工程試卷A注意事項(xiàng)：1. 考前請(qǐng)將密封線內(nèi)填寫清楚； 2. 所有答案請(qǐng)直接答在試卷上(或答題紙上)； 3考試形式：閉卷； 4. 本試卷共 四 大題，滿分100分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。題 號(hào)一二三四五總分得 分評(píng)卷人一 一、判斷題(每題2分, 共20分)1、 單一同系物閃點(diǎn)隨相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量的增大、沸點(diǎn)的降低、相對(duì)密度的增大而升高。（ F ）p172、 反應(yīng)級(jí)數(shù)的大小表示濃度對(duì)反應(yīng)速率影響的程度，級(jí)數(shù)越大，則速率受濃度影響越小。（ F ）p373、 明火

2、設(shè)備應(yīng)集中布置在裝置的邊緣，應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離可燃?xì)怏w和易燃、易爆物質(zhì)的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備及儲(chǔ)槽，并應(yīng)布置在這類設(shè)備的下風(fēng)向。（ F ）4、 閃點(diǎn)28的液體的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性分為甲類。（ F ）5、 乙醇、乙醚混合液體中加入雜質(zhì)水，會(huì)極大地降低液體的閃點(diǎn)，使液體的燃燒爆炸性危險(xiǎn)顯著增加。（ F ）6、 利用甲醚作為蒸汽鍋爐的燃料，此時(shí)鍋爐房的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性為甲類。（ F ）甲醚閃點(diǎn)-417、 甲、乙、丙類倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)嚴(yán)禁設(shè)置辦公室、休息室等，并不應(yīng)貼鄰建造。（ F ）8、 泄壓設(shè)施宜采用輕質(zhì)屋面板、輕質(zhì)墻體和易于泄壓的門、窗、玻璃等。（ F ）9、 工廠消防用水量應(yīng)為發(fā)生最大可能的火災(zāi)時(shí)的滅火用水量。（ F ）10、 防火間距計(jì)算

3、方法是從建筑物外墻凸出部分算起；鐵路的防火間距，是從鄰近一邊的路邊算起；公路的防火間距是從道路中心線算起。（ F ）二、選擇題 (有一項(xiàng)以上是正確的，每題3分, 共30分)1、乙醇屬于（ ）危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品。乙醇閃點(diǎn)12A甲類28 B乙類28到60 C丙類602、鍋爐的三大安全附件分別是安全閥、（ ）與水位表。 A電表 B溫度計(jì) C壓力表3、在化工廠中比較容易形成爆炸性氣體環(huán)境。根據(jù)爆炸和火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)環(huán)境電力裝置設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范（GB50058-1992），對(duì)于生產(chǎn)、加工、處理、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)或貯存過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)或可能出現(xiàn)( )之一時(shí)，應(yīng)進(jìn)行爆炸性氣體環(huán)境的電力設(shè)計(jì)。(第211條)A在大氣條件下，易燃?xì)怏w、易燃液體的蒸氣或薄

4、霧等易燃物質(zhì)與空氣混合形成爆炸性氣體混合物；B閃點(diǎn)低于環(huán)境溫度的可燃液體的蒸氣或薄霧與空氣混合形成爆炸性氣體混合物；C閃點(diǎn)等于環(huán)境溫度的可燃液體的蒸氣或薄霧與空氣混合形成爆炸性氣體混合物；4、甲、乙類生產(chǎn)（ ）設(shè)在建筑物的地下室或半地下室內(nèi)。 A不宜 B不應(yīng) C可以5、甲醇溶液的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性分類的依據(jù)是（ ） 。A閃點(diǎn)B爆炸濃度極限C物質(zhì)系數(shù)6、（ ）類的液體倉(cāng)庫(kù)應(yīng)設(shè)置防止液體流散的設(shè)施。P64 A 甲 B. 乙 C. 丙 D. 丁7、低閃點(diǎn)液體的閃點(diǎn)是（ ）。A、小于15 B、小于-18 C、小于23 D、小于288、室外消火栓的間距不應(yīng)大于（ ）米。 A、90 B、100 C、110 D、1

5、209、爆炸性混合物的（ ）能影響爆炸極限范圍。A、溫度 B、壓力 C、含氧量 D、火源能量10、危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品的貯存方式有（ ） A、單個(gè)貯存 B、隔離貯存 C、隔開貯存 D、分離貯存A C ABC B A ABC B D ABCD BCD三、Short Answer Questions(20 points ,10 points each)1. what are the inherent safer design strategy during the stage of process research.Ø to use the non-combustible materials to

6、 replace the combustible mass; to Replaces virulent or the high poisonous material with non-toxic either the low poisonous material; to uses the low corrosive material.Ø to use the new craft route to avoid danger raw material or the intermediary product; to uses the catalyst or a more effective

7、 catalyst; to reduced side reaction harmØ to depressurize with the temperature；to reduces the reaction medium density2.Analyze the possible measures that can be taken to control the chemical process material safety.Ø Substitution or controling the amount Ø Strengthen airtightØ Ve

8、nted exhaustØ DeactivationØ Gas strength monitoring and warningØ Specialized material processing四、 EssayQuestions (30 points ,15 points each)1.A plant was doing a pneumatic pressure test（氣壓測(cè)試） on a pipe connected to a tank（槽）. There was no blind flange（法蘭堵頭）between the piping being te

9、sted and the tank. The tank was isolated from（隔開） the pressurized piping witha closed block valve（斷流閥）. The block valve leaked（漏的）, allowing the pressure from the pneumatic test to leakinto the tank. The tank (which either did not have a pressure relief device（泄壓裝置) installed, or the pressurerelief

10、device was too small) was overpressured, and it failed at the bottom. The tank lifted into the airand came to rest on the top of the plant.Please analyze the safety problems during the pressurization pressureoperations and discussion on the corresponding countermeasures（對(duì)應(yīng)策略） and measures. During pr

11、essure tests, or any other maintenance（維護(hù)） or non-routine activities involving pressure, makesure that all equipment is capable of withstanding（能夠禁得起） the test pressure, is positively isolated from thesource of pressure, or has adequately（足夠的） sized pressure relief devices for the testing conditions

12、. Equipment can be protected from being overpressured more reliably by using blinds, or byphysically disconnecting piping, rather than using valves to isolate the equipment from pressure. Do a process safety review before starting any non-routine operations to identify potential hazardsand required

13、safeguards during the operation. Keep workers away from the area where pressure testing operations are being conducted. If possible, pressure test lines using liquid pressure (hydrostatic pressure) rather than pneumatic(gas) pressure - the energy which can be released from a liquid overpressure is M

14、UCH LESS thanfrom a gas overpressure.2. Heres whathappened.In Fig.(a), when steam cleaning the interior of a railcar most of the air was displaced. When work was stopped at the end of the day all valves were closed. As the car cooled, the steam condensed, creating a vacuum, causing the railcar to co

15、llapseIn Fig.(b), During painting, a tanksvacuum relief valve wascovered with plastic toprevent potentialcontamination of thecontents. When liquidwas pumped out theplastic coveringprevented air/nitrogenfrom replacing the liquidvolume. A vacuumdeveloped leading to thepartial collapse of thetank. (a)

16、(b)a.Please analyze the COMMON causes of vacuum damage to tanks .b. What is the measures to prevent equipment damage from vacuum?ANSWERa.COMMON causes of vacuum damage to tanks include:ü The vessel has insufficient strength to withstand a vacuum; a vessel with a higher pressure rating is freque

17、ntly capable of withstanding a full vacuum;ü vacuum is created when liquid is transferred from a vessel or when hot vapor condenses, neither of which is replaced by air/nitrogen or other non-condensable material.ü a vacuum relief system is not present or is not functioning properly.b.Thing

18、s to consider to prevent equipment damage from vacuum:ü install a system to provide vacuum relief. As one of the pictures graphicallydemonstrates, railcars and trucks MAY NOT have this equipment. Thesedevices will allow air to enter the vessel and prevent vacuum formation.ü if installed, vacuum relief devices must be inspected and tested on a regularbasis. They are just as critical as pressure relief devices.ü understand which vessels in your department are not rated for full vacuum