名詞復數(shù)變化規(guī)則

1、名詞復數(shù)變化1.一般情況下加smap-maps2.s,sh,ch,x等結尾的詞加-esbusbuses【stomach（胃）-stomachs;epoch（新時期）-epochs3.以y結尾的名詞，變復數(shù)時a.以輔首字母+y,變y為i加esbabybabiesb.專有名詞或兀首子母+y,直接加stwoMarys,monkeysDry禁酒論者-drys,standby后備人員-standbys4.以o結尾的名詞，變復數(shù)時a. 力口s,photophotosb. 力口es,Negro,hero,potato,tomato,volcano,tornado,torpedo,veto,mosquito,

2、5.以f或fe結尾的名詞變復數(shù)時a.去f或fe力口ves,halfhalvesb.力口s,gulf/cliff/roof/griefchief/belief/proof/safe+S6.名詞復數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化a. manmenwomanwomenchildchildrenfootfeettoothteethgoosegeesemousemicelouse-liceox-oxenb. anEnglishmantwoEnglishmen.【但German-Germans,human-human*c.夕卜來名詞：criterion-criteria（標準）;phenomenon-phenomena（現(xiàn)

3、象）；analysisanalyses份析）；basisbases（基礎）；crisiscrises（危機）；thesistheses佗文）；bacterium-bacteria（細菌）；Medium-media（媒介物）；7.單復同形名詞deer,sheep,fish,shark,giraffe,buffalo,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,Swedish,Danish,means,series,species,aircraft,staff,li,jin,yuan,twoli,threemu,fourjin除了中國度量衡和貨幣之外，美兀，央鎊，法郎等都有復數(shù)形式。theEng

4、lish,theChinese,表tk國民總稱時，謂語用復數(shù)。1-ese,-ish結尾的國家人單復同形?！?piecesoffish2fish2fishes2piecesofglass2glasses2pairsofglassespenny（便士）pence（價值）Pennies（個數(shù)）8.集體名詞A單數(shù)類集體名詞：思思為復數(shù)，但謂語用單數(shù)humanity人類clothing衣服glassware玻璃器具machinery機械mankind人類equipment設備jewelry珠寶poetry詩baggage行李furniture家具luggage行李pottery陶器B復數(shù)類集體名詞：以單

5、數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實為復數(shù)，謂語用復數(shù)。faculty,poultry,folk,people,police等本身就是復數(shù)，謂語動詞復數(shù)。不能說apeople和apolice,但可以說aperson和apoliceman【apeople-twopeoplesC單復向形類集體名t司謂語單復數(shù)由思思決tearmy;audience;bacteria;cast;class,committee;community;company;council;crew;data;enemy;family;flock;gang;government;group;herd;jury;media;navy;oppositio

6、n;police;press;public;staff;team;youth單數(shù)：Myfamilyisbigfamily.復數(shù)：Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.9.以s結尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞a. maths,politics,physics學科名詞，為不用數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)。b. news是/、可數(shù)名詞。c. theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations應視為單數(shù)。d.某些疾病mumps腮腺炎measles麻疹e.活動名稱billiards/cards/darts10.-表示由兩部分構成的東四如：glasses,trousers,clothes,slippe

7、rs石表達具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)重-以ing結尾的詞-其他復數(shù)詞pair;suit,apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers。謂語單復數(shù)取決于數(shù)量詞pair單復數(shù)。belongings;surroundings;doings;earnings;findings;savings;contents;arms;fireworks;wages;forces;remains;valuables;stairs;sweets11.復合名詞的復數(shù)a.由man和womant勾成的合成詞，其復數(shù)形式前后都變復數(shù)Womanteacherwomenteachersb.中間無連字號也沒間隔的復合名

8、詞變復數(shù)，將最舟-個名詞變復數(shù)housewifehousewives;greenhousegreenhousec.中間有連字符號或間隔的復合名詞，將主要的詞變成復數(shù)passer-bypassers-by;mother-in-lawmothers-in-lawd.復合名詞中的單詞沒有名詞時，則在最舟-個單詞的詞尾+sgo-betweengo-betweens,has-beenhas-beens（過時的人或物）12.用復數(shù)的固定詞組thanksto;giveregardsto;takepains;withbestwishes;havewordswith;inhighspirits;inalldir

9、ections;shakehandswithsb;makepreparationsfor;makefriendswith;congratulations（tosb）on（doing）sth常見的不可數(shù)名詞有：-物質(zhì)/材料：air;beancurd;beef;blood;bread;butter;chalk;chicken;chocolate;cloth;coal;coffee;corn;cream;daylight;cotton;dirt;dust;energy;cheese;fibre;fog;food;fruit;flesh;four;glass;gold;grain;grass;hair

10、;honey;iron;kerosene;lightning;meat;milk;money;moustache;mud;music;mutton;hay;oxygen;paper;pork;porridge;powder;rain;ice;rubbish;salt;sauce;silver;steam;steel;storage;sugar;sunrise;sweat;thirst;thunder;water;wheat;wind;wood;wool;soap;vinegar;wine;soup;baggage;clothing;furniture;luggage;jewelry;equip

11、ment;electricity;homework;-抽象：time;noise;information;knowledge;progress;trouble;fun;courage;luck;patience;poverty;wealth；traffic;waste;quality;advice;attention;business;citizenship;danger;darkness;death;depth;damage;comfort;education;disappointment;experience（經(jīng)驗）;freedom;future,goodness,graduation;g

12、rammar;happiness;health;hunger;imagination;importance;justice;kindness;luck;measure;labour;humor;permission;pressure;practice;pleasure;population;sickness;smoking;sorrow;starvation;treatment;truth;use;willingness;wisdom;weather;work;housework;pollution;*【牢記以下純不可數(shù)名詞永遠不能與不定冠詞連用：weather,fun,space（太空），a

13、dvice,word=news,progress,information,news不可數(shù)名詞也可以直接加-s等表示復數(shù)，但它的意義也有所變化，用來指一些具體的事物。-Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一種食物。（不可數(shù)）-Thesecakesaresweet.這些蛋糕很好吃。（可數(shù)）-Thisfactoryproducessteel.這個工廠生產(chǎn)鋼鐵。（不可數(shù)）-Weneedvarioussteels.我們需要各種鋼材。（可數(shù)）-Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我國因茶葉而聞名。（不口數(shù)）-Twoteas,please.請來兩杯茶。（可數(shù)）water（水）-water

14、s（水域），advice（建議）-advices（通知）sea（海）-seas（海域）sand（沙子）-sands（沙漠）wood（木頭）-woods（樹林）damage毀壞）-damages（貝音償金）good（好處）-goods（貨物）time（時間）-times（時代）custom（風俗）-customs（海關）minute（分鐘）-minutes（記錄）force（力H）-forces（軍隊）return（回來）-returns（統(tǒng)U表）green（綠色）-greens（青菜）light（光）-lights（燈）iron（鐵）-irons（熨斗）glass（玻璃）-glasses（玻璃

15、杯）freedom（自由）-fourfreedoms（特指四大自由）necessity（必要性）-necessities（生活必需品）manner（態(tài)度）-manners（禮貌）exercise（鍛煉）-exercises（體操、習）paper（紙）-papers（文件）練modernization（現(xiàn)代化）-thefourmodernizations（現(xiàn)代化”）spirit（精神）-inhighspirits（情緒）custom（習俗）-customs（海關）特指“四個character（性格）-characters（漢字、號）符experience（經(jīng)驗）-experiences（經(jīng)歷）*

16、修飾可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞的詞或短語只修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞或短語：Many;several；few/afew;agreat（good）many;anumberof;alarge（great）numberof;（large/great）numbersof只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或短語:Muchlittleagreatamountofalittleabitofagood（great）dealof修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的詞或短語:SomeenoughmostalotoflotsofplentyofMuchtoo+adjv.stoomuch+n*可轉化為可數(shù)名詞的抽象名詞抽象名詞一般為不可數(shù)名詞，不能和冠詞連用

17、，但以下這些抽象名詞加a/an表示具體的事物或人honour;death;pleasure;success;failure;comfort;surprise;worry;beauty;wonder;envy;shock;shame;regret;joy;danger;shame;pity;experience;抽象名詞部分1. Of+抽象名詞=相應的形容詞Amanofsense=asensibleman;ofwealth=awealthyman;ofexperience=anexperienced;ofcourage=acourageous2. of+表示大小、長短、深度、高度、年齡、顏色、材

18、料Weareofthesameage.Thetwodressesareofdifferentmaterials.3. in+height/length/size/width/depthThelakeisabout60metersindepth.Theropeis10metersinlength.4. bythehour/bythedozenWearepaidbythehour.Energyismeasuredincalories.5. with/in/by/on+（great+）抽象名詞=（very+）副詞ImetLisabyaccident（=accidentally）inLondon.不可數(shù)名詞的計量形式:不可數(shù)名詞沒有詞形變化，需要計量時，可用of連接相應的表量單位詞，并加以數(shù)詞和變表量單位詞為復數(shù)的形式來表示aglassofwaterapieceoffbread(twoglassesofwaterfourpiecesofbread?但現(xiàn)代英語中，單位詞的