高考英語復(fù)習(xí)精品語法講義非謂語動(dòng)詞

1、高考英語復(fù)習(xí)精品語法講義非謂語動(dòng)詞 非謂語動(dòng)詞是高中英語教學(xué)中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是歷屆高考的重點(diǎn)考非謂語動(dòng)詞是高中英語教學(xué)中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是歷屆高考的重點(diǎn)考查項(xiàng)目。不僅單項(xiàng)填空中，而且完形填空、短文改錯(cuò)中都反復(fù)考查。命題熱查項(xiàng)目。不僅單項(xiàng)填空中，而且完形填空、短文改錯(cuò)中都反復(fù)考查。命題熱點(diǎn)多是一些常用動(dòng)詞及特殊動(dòng)詞其后的非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式（不定式、過去分點(diǎn)多是一些常用動(dòng)詞及特殊動(dòng)詞其后的非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式（不定式、過去分詞及動(dòng)詞的詞及動(dòng)詞的ing形式）的不同要求。有時(shí)也涉及非謂語動(dòng)詞的完成式和否定形式）的不同要求。有時(shí)也涉及非謂語動(dòng)詞的完成式和否定式以及非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)的邏輯主語一致性原則。具體

2、來說其考點(diǎn)主要包式以及非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)的邏輯主語一致性原則。具體來說其考點(diǎn)主要包括：括： 1. 不定式的完成式、進(jìn)行式、被動(dòng)式；不定式作后置定語與分詞作后置不定式的完成式、進(jìn)行式、被動(dòng)式；不定式作后置定語與分詞作后置定語的區(qū)別。定語的區(qū)別。 專題導(dǎo)讀專題導(dǎo)讀 2. 不定式的省略與不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。不定式的省略與不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。 3. 只能接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞，只能接不定式的動(dòng)詞以及接動(dòng)名詞、不定式有只能接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞，只能接不定式的動(dòng)詞以及接動(dòng)名詞、不定式有區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞。區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞。 4. 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式、否定結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式、否定結(jié)構(gòu)。 5. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別

3、，以及不定式現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別，以及不定式作狀語與分詞作狀語的區(qū)別。作狀語與分詞作狀語的區(qū)別。 2012年高考將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查，而且對(duì)分詞的考年高考將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查，而且對(duì)分詞的考查仍是重點(diǎn)。試題的測試點(diǎn)將呈現(xiàn)出查仍是重點(diǎn)。試題的測試點(diǎn)將呈現(xiàn)出“情景化情景化”和和“設(shè)問角度設(shè)問角度多樣化多樣化”的趨勢，但試題的難度將會(huì)有所控制。的趨勢，但試題的難度將會(huì)有所控制。 高考英語非謂語動(dòng)詞高考英語非謂語動(dòng)詞解題的八條經(jīng)典原則解題的八條經(jīng)典原則 1. When asked why he went there， he said he was sent

4、there _ for a space flight. Training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained2. _ this cake， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式要用不定式原則二：用于名詞后作定語時(shí)，使原則二：用于名詞后作定語時(shí)，使用非謂語動(dòng)詞的原則是：用不定式，用非謂語動(dòng)詞的原則是：用不定式，表示動(dòng)作

5、尚未發(fā)生表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生;用現(xiàn)在分詞，表用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;用過去分詞，表示用過去分詞，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held2. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs painting

6、s. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait3. “Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost2.The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed! arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving1. As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked mys

7、elf what I was going to do. Moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved2. Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. A. said B. says C. saying D. to say原則三：原則三： 用作伴隨狀語，原則上用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞要用現(xiàn)在分詞 The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in

8、 the natural light during the day. to let B. letting C. let D. having let2. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching原則四：作結(jié)果狀語，用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式，原則四：作結(jié)果狀語，用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式，其區(qū)別是，一般要用現(xiàn)在分詞表自然而然的結(jié)其區(qū)別

9、是，一般要用現(xiàn)在分詞表自然而然的結(jié)果，不定式表意外不好結(jié)果果，不定式表意外不好結(jié)果. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told2. He hurried to the station only_ that the train had left. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found The children talked so loudly

10、 at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 2. The repairs cost a lot， but its money well _. A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending 3. Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award， a title _ to ordinary people for their contributio

11、ns to environmental protection. A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given原則五：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則五：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過去分詞。但是，如原則上要用過去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式；如果所涉及的不定式的被動(dòng)式；如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式1._ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants

12、 and animals not found in any other country in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. To be separated2. The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us， left the meeting room. A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making原則七：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作原則七：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主

13、句謂語動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式 原則八：原則八： 對(duì)于固定搭配，原則上按搭配對(duì)于固定搭配，原則上按搭配習(xí)慣處理習(xí)慣處理1._ with so much trouble， we failed to complete the task on time. ）A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face2._ in a white uniform， he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed （）（）1

14、.2011全國卷全國卷 The next thing he saw was smoke_ from behind the house. AroseBrising Cto rise Drisen 真題典例真題典例【解析解析】 Brise和和smoke是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且他所看到的是正在升起的煙，是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且他所看到的是正在升起的煙，所以用所以用rise的的ing形式。形式。rising短語作表語短語作表語smoke的后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句的后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，即，即which was rising （）（）2.2011全國卷全國卷 The island，_to the mainl

15、and by a bridge，is easy to go to. Ajoining Bto join Cjoined Dhaving joined【解析解析】 C考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這個(gè)島由一座橋和大陸連著，很容易去的?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意：這個(gè)島由一座橋和大陸連著，很容易去的。island和和join之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故需用過去分詞。之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故需用過去分詞。joined to the mainland by a bridge相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句which is joined to the mainland by a bridge。 真題典例真題典例 （）（）3.20

16、11全國卷全國卷 Sarah pretended to be cheerful，_ nothing about the argument. Asays Bsaid Cto say Dsaying【解析解析】 D考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：莎拉假裝很高興，對(duì)爭論沒有說什么。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：莎拉假裝很高興，對(duì)爭論沒有說什么。saying為現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作伴隨狀語。為現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作伴隨狀語。says和和said都作謂語；都作謂語；to say表示將要說。表示將要說。 （）（）4.2011北京卷北京卷 Its important for the figures _ regularly. Ato be

17、 updated Bto have been updated Cto update Dto have updated 【解析解析】 A考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。figure（數(shù)字）和（數(shù)字）和update（更新）（更新）是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此要用被動(dòng)形式，此外，從后面的是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此要用被動(dòng)形式，此外，從后面的regularly（經(jīng)常地）來看，（經(jīng)常地）來看，更新是經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，所以應(yīng)該用一般式。更新是經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，所以應(yīng)該用一般式。真題典例真題典例 （）（）5.2011北京卷北京卷 Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more

18、 tired, _ on your feet. Ato keep Bkeeping Chaving kept Dto have kept【解析解析】 B考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。這里是分詞作狀語，描述站著的狀態(tài)，考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。這里是分詞作狀語，描述站著的狀態(tài)，用分詞的一般式。句意為：坐下吧，用分詞的一般式。句意為：坐下吧，Emma，老是站著會(huì)更累的。，老是站著會(huì)更累的。 （）（）6.2011天津卷天津卷 _ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ATranslating BTrans

19、lated CTo translate DHaving translated【解析解析】 B考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞的用法。translate 和句子主語和句子主語the sentence是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且此動(dòng)作已發(fā)生，所以要用過去分詞作狀語表被動(dòng)完成。是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且此動(dòng)作已發(fā)生，所以要用過去分詞作狀語表被動(dòng)完成。句意為：翻譯成英文后，發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)句子的詞序完全不同了。句意為：翻譯成英文后，發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)句子的詞序完全不同了。專題五專題五 真題典例真題典例 （）（）8.2011江蘇卷江蘇卷 Recently a survey_ prices of the same goods in two di

20、fferent supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared 【解析解析】 B考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，主語考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，主語是是a survey，謂語部分是，謂語部分是has caused heated debate among citizens。因此所填成分是充當(dāng)。因此所填成分是充當(dāng)survey的后置定語。根據(jù)的后置定語。根據(jù)survey和和compare之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系可知選擇之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系可知選擇B

21、項(xiàng)，相當(dāng)項(xiàng)，相當(dāng)于于which compares 真題典例真題典例 （）（）9.2011福建卷福建卷 Tsinghua University，_ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. Afound Bfounding Cfounded Dto be founded【解析解析】 C考查過去分詞短語作定語。清華大學(xué)創(chuàng)立于考查過去分詞短語作定語。清華大學(xué)創(chuàng)立于1911，因此應(yīng)使用過去分詞表被動(dòng)。，因此應(yīng)使用過去分詞表被動(dòng)。 （）（）10.2011福建卷福建卷 The difference in thickness and

22、 weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable_ . A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold【解析解析】 D考查動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語。句意：厚度和重量與先前版本的不考查動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語。句意：厚度和重量與先前版本的不同使得同使得iPad 2拿著更舒服。形容詞拿著更舒服。形容詞easy，hard，difficult，comfortable作作表語，后面需用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意思，故正確答案為表語，后面需用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意思，故正確答案為D項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。 真題典例真題典

23、例 （）（）13.2011浙江卷浙江卷 Even the best writers sometimes find themselves_ for words. Alose Blost Cto lose Dhaving lost 【解析解析】 B考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處lost是過去分詞，作是過去分詞，作find的賓語補(bǔ)足語。的賓語補(bǔ)足語。 （）14.2011四川卷四川卷 Simon made a big bamboo box_ the little sick bird till it could fly. Akeep Bkept Ckeeping Dto keep【解析解析】

24、D考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：“Simon做了個(gè)大竹筐用來飼養(yǎng)做了個(gè)大竹筐用來飼養(yǎng)這只生病的小鳥，一直到它能飛。這只生病的小鳥，一直到它能飛?！惫蚀颂帒?yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式故此處應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式to keep作作目的狀語，故答案為目的狀語，故答案為D。 （）（）1.One Sunday several former classmates gathered at Toms, _ their high school reunion the year before. Atalking about Bto talk about Ctalked about Dhaving talked a

25、bout【解析解析】 A考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意“星期天幾個(gè)老同星期天幾個(gè)老同學(xué)在湯姆家里聚會(huì)，談?wù)撝麄円荒昵暗母咧行Ｓ丫蹠?huì)學(xué)在湯姆家里聚會(huì)，談?wù)撝麄円荒昵暗母咧行Ｓ丫蹠?huì)”可以看可以看出，出，“談?wù)撜務(wù)摗笔窃谶@次聚會(huì)的過程中發(fā)生的，即是在這次聚會(huì)的過程中發(fā)生的，即“談?wù)撜務(wù)摗卑殡S著伴隨著“聚會(huì)聚會(huì)”，因此用分詞作伴隨狀語，又因句子主語，因此用分詞作伴隨狀語，又因句子主語classmates與與動(dòng)作動(dòng)作“談?wù)撜務(wù)摗敝g為主謂關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞之間為主謂關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞talking about。 新題預(yù)測新題預(yù)測專題五專題五 新題預(yù)測新題預(yù)測 （）（）2.Whe

26、n I caught him _ me, I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. Acheated Bcheating Cto cheat Dto have cheated【解析解析】 B考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)前半句意思考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)前半句意思“當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)他當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)他欺騙我時(shí)欺騙我時(shí)”可以判斷出，句中的可以判斷出，句中的him與動(dòng)作與動(dòng)作“欺騙欺騙”為主謂關(guān)為主謂關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，故答案為系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，故答案為B。 （）4.My little brother is like a bull in a china shop, always_ things over. Aknocks Bknocking Cto knock Dhaving knocked【解析解析】 B考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我的小弟弟在一家瓷器店里就像一考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我的小弟弟在一家瓷器店里就像一頭公牛，經(jīng)常把東西撞倒。根據(jù)語意此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語。頭公牛，經(jīng)常把東西撞倒。根據(jù)語