高中英語定語從句詳解吳說課材料

1、高中英語定語從句詳解吳高中英語定語從句詳解吳Which one is Harry Porter ?The boy _ is Harry Porter .who is wearing glasses定語從句定語從句一、概念一、概念:在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子. (在句子中作在句子中作定語，相當(dāng)于形容詞定語，相當(dāng)于形容詞) (Attributive clause)Harry Porter is a smart boy.Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.形容詞作定語形容詞作定語句子作定語句子作定語,修飾修飾boy,

2、叫做叫做定語從句定語從句 被定語從句限定的詞是被定語從句限定的詞是_ ，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做 _ 或或 _。Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行詞先行詞 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞定語從句定語從句關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞which, who, whom, whose, thatwhere, when，why五、關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞指人或指物所作的成分thatwhichwhowhomwhose人和物人和物物物人人人人人和物人和物主語、賓語、表語主語、賓語、表語主語、賓語、表語主語、賓語、表語主語、賓語、表語主語、賓語、表語賓語賓

3、語定語定語when, where, why關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞先行詞先行詞在從句中的成分在從句中的成分when時(shí)間時(shí)間時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語狀語where 地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語狀語why reason原因原因狀語狀語（二）引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞（二）引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞Have a try指出關(guān)系代詞（副詞）在定語從句中的成份：指出關(guān)系代詞（副詞）在定語從句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( )2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child whose parents are dead is

4、called Tom. ( )4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ) 主語賓語定語賓語四、定語從句關(guān)系詞的特點(diǎn) 1、連接功能連接功能：引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句； 2、替代功能替代功能：替代先行詞； 3、語法功能語法功能：在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。注意注意：先行詞在定語從句中不能重復(fù)出現(xiàn)：先行詞在定語從句中不能重復(fù)出現(xiàn)改正錯(cuò)誤：改正錯(cuò)誤：This is the book that I have been looking forward to it。1. who, whom, whose, that 用法區(qū)別用法

5、區(qū)別. who 作定語從句的作定語從句的主語主語或或賓語賓語. The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主語作主語 whom 作定語從句的作定語從句的賓語賓語 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作賓語作賓語 that 可以作定語從句的可以

6、作定語從句的主語主語和和賓語賓語. The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.可省略可省略 The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker. whose 作定語從句的作定語從句的定語定語 (whose既可以指人，也可以指物既可以指人，也可以指物). I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定語作定語I have

7、 a book whose cover is yellow.關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格2. which, that 的的用法用法which 作定語從句的作定語從句的主語主語或或賓語賓語.I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.This is a truck which / that is made in China.作主語作主語作賓語作賓語可省略可省略3. 只能用只能用that的情況的情況 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞或或形容詞最高級(jí)形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)修飾先行詞時(shí) Tom is the clevere

8、st boy that I have ever known. This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much等等不定代詞不定代詞作先行作先行詞時(shí)詞時(shí) Everything that we saw in this film was true. 先行詞被先行詞被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)。等修飾時(shí)。Ive read all the books that

9、you lend me. 先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)。修飾時(shí)。This is the very book that belongs to him. 主句已有主句已有who或或which時(shí)時(shí)Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday. 當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指人人和和物物時(shí)時(shí)Ive never heard of the people and things that you tal

10、ked about just now.只能用只能用which 做關(guān)系代詞的情況做關(guān)系代詞的情況1.1.在非限制性定語從句中，只能用在非限制性定語從句中，只能用whichwhich指代物，指代物，用用who/whomwho/whom指人指人. .2.2.在由在由“介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，只能用只能用whichwhich指物，指物，whomwhom指人。指人。3.3.先行詞本身是先行詞本身是thatthat時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which, which, 先先行詞為行詞為those, one, hethose, one, he時(shí)多用時(shí)多用whowho。

11、4.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí) (介詞提前介詞提前) .指指人只用人只用whom, 指物只用指物只用whichThis is the boy with whom he talked. This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars. 1. This is the place where I was born. 2. I remember the day when I first met him. 3. Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me?關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞When=on(in,du

12、ring)whichwhere=on(in,in front of)whichWhy=for which（三）關(guān)系副詞（三）關(guān)系副詞與與介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞的替代的替代when when可用可用in/on/at/during +which 代替代替1.I still remember the day.2.I first met him on the day.I still remember the day on which I first met him.whenwhichwhere where可用in/on/at/to + which代替1.The dictionary is the

13、only place.2. Success comes before work in the dictionary.The dictionary is the only place in which success comes before work.where which.why why可用可用for +which 代替代替1.This is the reason.2.I was late for school for this reason.This is the reason for which I was late for school. whywhich.關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞和關(guān)系和關(guān)系

14、副詞副詞的區(qū)別的區(qū)別關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞在定語從句中在定語從句中作主語、賓語作主語、賓語關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞在定語從句中在定語從句中作狀語作狀語如何選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞如何選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞 1.首先分清主句和定語從句首先分清主句和定語從句 2.確定定語從句的先行詞確定定語從句的先行詞 3.把先行詞帶回到定語從句中去，看其把先行詞帶回到定語從句中去，看其在定語從句中做什么語法成分（主語，在定語從句中做什么語法成分（主語，賓語，定語或狀語）賓語，定語或狀語） 4.若先行詞在從句中做若先行詞在從句中做主語、賓語或定主語、賓語或定語語則選擇則選擇關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞，若在從句中做，若在從句中做狀語狀語，則選擇

15、則選擇關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞。非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句起補(bǔ)充說明作用，缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解。在非限制性定語從句的前面往往有逗號(hào)隔開。The house, which I bought last year, has a lovely garden.He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.注意：整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)非限制性定語從句和單句的比較非限制性定語從句和單句的比較2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents ang

16、ry.3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.whichThe school _ he once studied is very famous.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句：注意：1. 含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語一般不拆開使用，如

17、：look for, look after, take care of等 This is the watch （which/that） I am looking for. 2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只能用which；指人時(shí)只能用whomThe man with whom you talked is my friend. The school _ he once studied in is very famous. The man (whom) you talked with is my friend.(that/which) in which/where 考點(diǎn)三：關(guān)系代詞考點(diǎn)三

18、：關(guān)系代詞 as 的用法的用法 一、一、as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句主句中主句中the same, as, such, so修飾先行詞，修飾先行詞，as做做關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語或賓語。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語或賓語。有有“如，如，似，正像似，正像”的含義的含義主要結(jié)構(gòu)有：主要結(jié)構(gòu)有：the sameas; asas; suchas; soasDont trust such men as praise you to your face. (指人，作主語指人，作主語）We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.（指物，

19、作賓語指物，作賓語） This is the same pen _I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B D比較：比較：.the same pen as I lost. . the same pen that I lost.很像，不一定就是很像，不一定就是就是我不見的那支筆就是我不見的那支筆 the same as 表示表示同一類同一類人或物；人或物； the same that 指指同一個(gè)同一個(gè)人或物人或物二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容指代整個(gè)

20、主句內(nèi)容，從句從句可置于句首可置于句首，句中句中或或句尾句尾As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history .The earth , as we know , moves round the sun .Tom works hard and is willing to help others, as we all know. 非限制性定語從句中的謂語為被動(dòng)式時(shí)，非限制性定語從句中的謂語為被動(dòng)式時(shí)，常用常用as做做主語主語 be said /known/announced /reported/mentioned

21、 /expected/discussedGrammar , as has been said before, is not a set of dead rules.As is known to all , Taiwan is part of China .注意注意：which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。主句之后。Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad. as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round

22、,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/ as AsItas 具有正如之意，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected定語從句在句首時(shí)只能用定語從句在句首時(shí)只能用as,1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of _ were black with

23、 disease. b. I saw some trees, the leaves of _ were black with disease. 2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses. b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses解題點(diǎn)撥解題點(diǎn)撥 :是否有是否有連詞連詞是區(qū)分定語從句和并列句的關(guān)鍵。是區(qū)分定語從句和并列句的關(guān)鍵。themwhomwhichhim

24、 _高考考點(diǎn)高考考點(diǎn)易混句型易混句型定語從句與并列句定語從句與并列句_由由Who Who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做主語引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做主語 賓語賓語1、Do you know the man _ is talking with your father? A. whose B. who C. which2、The boys _ the teacher talked to are from Class One. A. when B. which C. who3、Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7

25、tomorrow morning. A. who B. which C. whom4. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom5. The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room. A. whom B. what C. which6. The teacher for _ you are waiting has come. A. who B. whom C. that由由Whom Whom 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中

26、做賓引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做賓語語介詞提前時(shí)只能用介詞提前時(shí)只能用 whom7. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. which B. his C. whose 8. This book is for the students _ native(本國的本國的) language is not English. A. that B. of whom C. whose 9. The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group. A. who B

27、. whose C. that由由Whose Whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句, , 在句中做定語在句中做定語10、He prefers to eat the rice _ in the south. A. who is grown B. which is grown C. when is grown11、 The knife _ I cut the apple with cant be found. A. which B. who C. what 12、The room in _ there are many books is mine. A. that B. who C. whic

28、h13、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday. A. which B. who C. when由由Which Which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做主語引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做主語 賓語賓語介詞提前時(shí)只能用介詞提前時(shí)只能用 whichthat14. All _ is needed is a supply of oil. A. which B. that C. what15. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. that先

29、行詞是不定代詞先行詞是不定代詞 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything只能用只能用that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)16. Its the most boring film _ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. whose17. This is the first car _ arrived this morning. A. which B. who C. that 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)飾時(shí)只能用只能用that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)18. I know all people

30、_ are from that village. A. who B. that C. whose19. There is no water _ is needed badly. A. which B. who C. that20. Please take any seat _ is free. A. which B. that C. in which先行詞被先行詞被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修飾時(shí)等修飾時(shí)只能用只能用that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)21. That is the very book _ I was looking for. A. who B. that C. which22. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing _ he owns. A. who B. that C. which先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last 等修飾時(shí)等修飾時(shí)只能用只能用that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)23. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then. A. who B. that C. which先行