桃花源記英文譯本對(duì)比與賞析

1、原 文譯文林語(yǔ)堂戴維斯Giles譯文比較晉太元中，武陵人捕魚為業(yè)；緣溪行，忘路之遠(yuǎn)近。During the reign of Taiyuan of Chin, there was a fisherman of Wuling. One day he was walking along a bank.During the Tailyuan period(376-396BC) of Jin, a man of Wuling, who made his living as a fisherman, ascended a stream, forgetful of the distance he trav

2、elled.During the reign of Tai Yuan of Tsin Dynasty, a certain fisherman of Wuling, who had followed up one of the river branches without taking note whither he was going, came suddenly upon a grove of peach-trees in full bloom, extending some distance on each bank, with not a tree of any other kind

3、in sight.林譯簡(jiǎn)單易懂，翻譯得意忘形；戴譯表達(dá)地道，更易被目標(biāo)讀者所接受; Gelies的譯文擺脫原文結(jié)構(gòu)的束縛，表達(dá)地道，生動(dòng)形象，但部分過于脫離原文。賞析譯文多為短句，簡(jiǎn)單通暢，“以捕魚為業(yè)”譯為“fisherman”簡(jiǎn)練地道?！巴分h(yuǎn)近”并入下一句翻譯，打破原文結(jié)構(gòu)，得意忘形。譯文將“晉太元中”譯為“During the Tailyuan period(376-396BC) of Jin,”較為地道，且注明時(shí)間，使讀者更易理解。譯文為一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的復(fù)合句，更符合目標(biāo)讀者的習(xí)慣。譯文亦為較長(zhǎng)的復(fù)合句，并將“忽逢桃花林。夾岸數(shù)百步，中無雜樹”合并于此句，一氣呵成，表明了譯者的英語(yǔ)功底之

4、深厚。但“數(shù)百步”譯為“some distance”意思不明確?！疤一帧弊g為“a grove of peach-trees in full bloom”生動(dòng)形象。忽逢桃花林。After having gone a certain distance, he suddenly came upon a peach grove which extended along the bank for about a hundred yards.Suddenly he came upon a grove of peach trees in blossom.林譯根據(jù)原文意思，使用增譯技巧，且將原文句子合并，譯

5、文連貫通暢，但部分翻譯與原文意思不符；戴譯使用短句，且表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)練，譯文生動(dòng)形象，較符合語(yǔ)境。賞析譯者根據(jù)原文意思，增譯“After having gone a certain distance,”且將此句與下文“夾岸數(shù)百步”相合并，將“數(shù)百步”譯為“about a hundred yards”不符合原文意思。譯文按照原文，將此句單獨(dú)翻譯。用“in blossom”來作后置定語(yǔ)修飾“a grove of peach trees”，形象生動(dòng)。且較符合當(dāng)時(shí)場(chǎng)景。夾岸數(shù)百步，中無雜樹，芳草鮮美，落英繽紛，漁人甚異之。He noticed with surprise that the grove had

6、a magic effect, so singularly free from the usual mingling of brushwood,while the beautifully grassy ground was covered with its rose petals.They lined the banks for several hundred paces: among them were no other kinds of tree. The fragrant herbage was fresh and beautiful; fallen blossom lay in pro

7、fusion.The beauty of the scene and the exquisite perfume of the flowers filled the heart of the fisherman with surprise, as he proceeded onwards, anxious to reach the limit of this lovely grove. 林譯根據(jù)原文意思，部分增添句子，表達(dá)恰當(dāng)，但部分誤譯；林譯表達(dá)較為準(zhǔn)確；Giles譯文，上下文關(guān)系理解錯(cuò)誤。賞析譯文顛倒句子結(jié)構(gòu)，增譯“the grove had a magic effect”形象具體。但此處

8、“落英”應(yīng)指桃花瓣，譯為“rose petals”實(shí)為不妥。譯文符合原文意思，且表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)練、準(zhǔn)確、地道。此處意思應(yīng)該是漁人看到此番美景后很詫異，遂“復(fù)前行，欲窮其林”，其中隱含遞進(jìn)或因果關(guān)系，而譯文用as連接兩句，表示并列，并沒有準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)其中的關(guān)系。復(fù)前行，欲窮其林。He went further to explore, and when he came to the end of the grove, he saw a spring which came from a cave in the hill.The freshman, in extreme wonder, again went fo

9、rward, wishing to go to the end of the grove.林譯“explore”一詞用的較好，行文簡(jiǎn)練，意思表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確；戴譯譯文準(zhǔn)確流暢。賞析此處“explore”用的恰到好處，表現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時(shí)漁人看到美景后，想要繼續(xù)向前探索桃花林的奧秘。且將后句合并，較為流暢，表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)練，且“a spring which came from a cave in the hill”表達(dá)較為詳細(xì)準(zhǔn)確。譯文將“漁人甚異之”與下文句子合并，句子流暢，意思清晰準(zhǔn)確。林盡水源，便得一山。The grove ended at the streams source, and there he foun

10、d a hill.He found that the peach trees ended where the water began, at the foot of a hill; 譯文均準(zhǔn)確地道賞析譯文地道，準(zhǔn)確。譯文準(zhǔn)確。山有小口， 仿佛若有光，便舍船從口入。Having noticed that there seemed to be a weak light in the cave, he tied up his boat and decided to go in and explore.In the hill was a small opening from which a light

11、 seemed to come. So he left his boat and went in through the opening.and there he espied what seemed to be a cave with light issuing from it. 林譯意思表達(dá)較為具體準(zhǔn)確；戴譯句子地道，行文流暢；Giles譯文簡(jiǎn)練準(zhǔn)確。賞析將“舍船”譯為“he tied up his boat”較為準(zhǔn)確。又用了“explore”一詞，意思表達(dá)的淋漓盡致。譯文較為地道，連詞“so”較好地表達(dá)了其中的因果關(guān)系。譯文準(zhǔn)確簡(jiǎn)練?？偨Y(jié)總體來說，林譯對(duì)原文理解透徹，用詞精確，句子通俗易

12、懂，體現(xiàn)了其中英文功底深厚，但部分詞譯不準(zhǔn)確；戴譯句子更為地道，行文連貫，用詞得當(dāng)，長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，讀起來朗朗上口；Giles譯文不拘泥于原文，表達(dá)地道，但部分詞及上下文關(guān)系不夠精確。第二段原 文譯文林語(yǔ)堂戴維斯Giles譯文比較初極狹，才通人。復(fù)行數(shù)十步，豁然開朗。At first the opening was very narrow, barely wide enough for one person to go in. After a dozen steps, it opened into a flood of light. At first it was very narrow, bar

13、ely allowing a man to pass, but as he went on for some tens of paces, it came out into the open air, upon lands level and wide with houses of a stately appearance.So he made fast his boat, and crept in through a narrow entrance, which shortly ushered him into a new world of level country, of fine po

14、ols, and of luxuriance of mulberry and bamboo. 林譯生動(dòng)形象；戴譯準(zhǔn)確具體，用詞精確，表達(dá)形象地道；Giles此處譯文與原文不符，且句子讀起來繁瑣拖拉。賞析“豁然開朗”譯為“it opened into a flood of light”形象生動(dòng)。將下句“土地平曠，屋舍儼然”與上句合并，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，形容靜態(tài)景物，表達(dá)地道。譯文“made fast his boat”與原文的“棄船”不符，且后面的“a new world of level country, of fine pools, and of luxuriance of mulberry

15、and bamboo”出現(xiàn)多個(gè)of，表達(dá)冗贅，且描寫的不夠形象。土地平曠，屋舍儼然，有良田、美池、桑竹之屬，阡陌交通，雞犬相聞。其中往來種，男女衣著，悉如外人；黃發(fā)垂髫，并怡然自樂。He saw before his eyes a wide, level valley, with houses and fields and farms. There were bamboos and mulberries; farmers were working and dogs and chickens were running about. The dresses of the men and women

16、 were like those of the outside world, and the old men and children appeared very happy and contented. There fine fields and beautiful pools, clumps of mulberries and bamboos. The field dykes intersected; cocks crowed and dogs barked to each other. The clothes of the men and women who came and went,

17、 planted and worked among them were entirely like those of people outside. The white-haired and the children with their hair in tufts happily enjoyed themselves.Highways of traffic ran north and south; sounds of crowing cocks and barking dogs were heard around; the dress of the people who passed alo

18、ng or were at work in the fields was of a strange cut; while young and old alike appeared to be contented and happy. 此處譯文戴譯最為精確、生動(dòng)、形象，且譯文表達(dá)地道，而戴譯和Giles譯文相比較則顯得生硬平淡無味。賞析譯文過于直白，缺少形象具體的描繪詞匯，如“阡陌交通，雞犬相聞”直接譯為“farmers were working and dogs and chickens were running about”顯得平淡無味。將“其中往來種，男女衣著，悉如外人”以定語(yǔ)從句方式表達(dá)

19、，意思明確，簡(jiǎn)練地道。另外“怡然自得”譯為happily enjoyed themselves.”也較為貼切。此處譯文多為被動(dòng)，與另外兩個(gè)譯文相比，則不能更好地顯示出原文所述場(chǎng)景的形象生動(dòng)。見漁人，乃大驚，問所從來，具答之。便要還家，設(shè)酒殺雞作食。村中聞?dòng)写巳?，咸來問訊。They were greatly astonished to see the fisherman and asked him where he had come from. The fisherman told them and was invited to their homes, where wine was serve

20、d and chicken was killed for dinner to entertain him. The villagers hearing of his coming all came to see him and to talk. When they saw the fisherman, they were greatly surprised and asked from what place he came. When he had answered all their questions, they invited him to come back to their home

21、, where they set out wine, killed a chicken and made a meal. When the villagers heard of this man, they all came to pay their respects.One of the inhabitants, catching sight of the fisherman, was greatly astonished; but, after learning where he came, insisted on carrying him home, and killed a chick

22、en and placed some wine before him. 此處譯文整體來看，戴譯相比較更勝一籌。賞析譯文中“where wine was served and chicken was killed for dinner to entertain him”改為主動(dòng)形式則更好?！皢栍崱敝复蚵犗?，此處翻譯為“come to talk”過于牽強(qiáng)。譯文中多使用主動(dòng)，形象具體?！皢栍崱弊g為“came to pay their respects”過于發(fā)揮譯者的主動(dòng)性。根據(jù)原文，此處主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為“村中的人（復(fù)數(shù)）”，而此處譯文主語(yǔ)用單數(shù)則略微不妥。此處“問訊”譯為“turned out to se

23、e the visitor”也未明確表明?！皃laced some wine before him”未表明款待熱情之意，過于平淡。自云先世避秦時(shí)亂，率妻子邑人來此絕境，不復(fù)出焉，遂與外人間隔。問今是何世，乃不知有漢，無論魏晉。They said that their ancestors had come here as refugees to escape from the tyranny of Tsin Shih-huang (builder of Great Wall) some six hundred years ago, and they had never left it. They

24、 were thus completely cut off from the world, and asked what was the ruling dynasty now. They had not even heard of the Han Dynasty (two centuries before to two centuries after Christ), not to speak of the Wei (third century A.D.) and the Chin (third and fourth centuries).They told him that their an

25、cestors, fleeing from the troubles during the Qin period (221BC-208BC), had brought their wives and children and neighbours to this inaccessible spot and had not gone out again. Thus they became cut off from people outside. They asked what dynasty it was now: they did not know that there had been Ha

26、n (206 BC-220AD), nor of courts Wei (220-265AD) or Jin.Before long, all the people of the place had turned out to see the visitor, and they informed him that their ancestors had sought refuge here, with their wives and families, from the troublous times of the house of Chin, adding that they had thu

27、s become finally cut off from the rest of human race. They then enquired about the politics of the day, ignorant of the establishment of Han dynasty, and of course of the later dynasties which had succeeded it. 相比較，戴譯則最為地道。且朝代加注時(shí)間，避免因文化差異而造成的理解困惑。賞析此處“秦”的譯文應(yīng)該注明時(shí)間，便于目標(biāo)讀者理解清晰?！皌he Han Dynasty (two centuries before to two centuries after Christ), not to speak of the Wei (third century A.D.) and the Chin (third and fourth centuries)”解釋較為詳細(xì)，但注明時(shí)間則會(huì)更好。譯文“Qin period (221BC-208BC，Han (206 BC-220AD), nor of courts Wei (220-