過(guò)去分詞的用法

1、 Grammar The Past Participle(過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞)過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式式, ,表示表示完成和被動(dòng)完成和被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。它的動(dòng)作。它在句子中可以充當(dāng)在句子中可以充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)等多種成份。等多種成份。 Look at the dialogue and find the use of the past participle.- Look at the excited boy! Why is he so happy?- He has got the first prize in the contest.- No wond

2、er he is excited!一、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)一、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)1 1、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)的狀態(tài)，其前的系動(dòng)詞有包括，其前的系動(dòng)詞有包括bebe在內(nèi)的多種在內(nèi)的多種形式。形式。 e.g.：1) Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 聽(tīng)了他的發(fā)言，在場(chǎng)的所有人都很振奮。聽(tīng)了他的發(fā)言，在場(chǎng)的所有人都很振奮。 2) You seem frightened. 你似乎受了驚嚇。你似乎受了驚嚇。Past Participle used as predicativeThe shop

3、is _(close).closedCleaning women in big cities usually get _ (pay) by the hour.paidThere are two glasses which are _ (break).brokenThere are two broken glasses.The person who feels _ (excite) is Ronaldo.excitedThe excited person is Ronaldo.注意：注意：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：構(gòu)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別： 過(guò)去分詞作

4、表語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或或所處的狀態(tài)所處的狀態(tài)；而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，主語(yǔ)是；而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的承受者動(dòng)作的承受者。 e.g.：1) This shop is now closedclosed 這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。( (狀態(tài)狀態(tài)) ) 2) This shop is closedclosed at 6 pm everyday 這家商店每天這家商店每天6 6點(diǎn)關(guān)門。點(diǎn)關(guān)門。( (動(dòng)作動(dòng)作） 二、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)二、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ): : 前置定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ) 后置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)1 1、單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般兼有被動(dòng)和完成的、單

5、個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般兼有被動(dòng)和完成的意義，常作前置定語(yǔ)。意義，常作前置定語(yǔ)。 eg： a usedused stamp 一枚用過(guò)的郵票一枚用過(guò)的郵票 an injuredinjured finger 一個(gè)受傷的手指一個(gè)受傷的手指 a brokenbroken coin 一枚破損的硬幣一枚破損的硬幣 a lightedlighted candle 一支點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭一支點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭 注意（注意（1）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)只有被動(dòng)意義。）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)只有被動(dòng)意義。 e.g.：spokenspoken English 英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ) writtenwritten exercises 書面練

6、習(xí)書面練習(xí)（2）少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動(dòng)）少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只有完成的意義詞的過(guò)去分詞只有完成的意義fallenfallen leaves 落葉落葉 the risenrisen sun 升起來(lái)的太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)的太陽(yáng)the developeddeveloped countries 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 a returnedreturned student 一名留學(xué)生一名留學(xué)生 a retiredretired teacher 一名退休教師一名退休教師an escapedescaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯一名逃跑的囚犯 by-goneby-gone day

7、s 過(guò)去的歲月過(guò)去的歲月注意：為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞有時(shí)注意：為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞有時(shí)也置于被修飾名詞之后也置于被修飾名詞之后They decided to change the material used.他們決定改變所用的材料。他們決定改變所用的材料。a broken hearta lost dogan organized trip一顆破碎的心一顆破碎的心 喪家之犬喪家之犬有組織的旅行有組織的旅行 a heart which is brokena dog which is losta trip which is organizedThe ground is covered by

8、_ (fall) leaves.fallenPast Participle used as attributePast Participle used as attributeThese _ (want) people are from Hong Kong.wantedThis will be the best novel of its kind ever _(write).writtenthat has ever been written.Who were the so-called guests _ (invite) to Jacky Chuangs concert last month?

9、invitedthat had been invitedShe is drinking _ (boil) water.boiledShe is drinking the water which was boiled.2 2、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)和或、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)和或完成意義完成意義。它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。 e.g.：1.The books written by Lu Xun are popular = The books which were written by Lu Xun are popular. 魯迅寫的書很受歡迎。魯迅

10、寫的書很受歡迎。 2.You can gather these parts finished by the machine. = You can gather these parts which are finished by the machine. 你可以把機(jī)器做好的零件收拾起來(lái)。你可以把機(jī)器做好的零件收拾起來(lái)。 過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去分詞和V-ing形式形式的區(qū)別的區(qū)別:表主動(dòng)的表主動(dòng)的, 進(jìn)行的進(jìn)行的 特征的特征的-含有含有“令人令人”之意之意 表被動(dòng)的表被動(dòng)的, 完成的完成的 表狀態(tài)表狀態(tài)-含有含有“感到感到”之意之意 V-ing形式形式過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞1. .語(yǔ)態(tài)上語(yǔ)態(tài)上現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞:

11、 :表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞: :表示已經(jīng)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作表示已經(jīng)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作I will be interested to hear his interesting story.2. 2.時(shí)間上時(shí)間上現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞: :表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞: :表示完成的意思表示完成的意思 the rising sun the risen sun the falling leaves the fallen leaves boiling water boiled water3. 現(xiàn)在分詞表示它所修飾的名詞或句子現(xiàn)在分詞表示它所修飾的名詞或句子主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)的特征、特性

12、特征、特性。過(guò)去分詞表示它所修飾的名詞或句子過(guò)去分詞表示它所修飾的名詞或句子主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)的心理感受或狀態(tài)心理感受或狀態(tài)。At the sight of the _scene, all the people present were _ to tears.看到這么動(dòng)人的情景看到這么動(dòng)人的情景, 所有所有在場(chǎng)的人都感動(dòng)得流下了眼淚。在場(chǎng)的人都感動(dòng)得流下了眼淚。movemovedmovingWe get _ when we see this _ picture.excitedexcitingexciteamusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappoi

13、nting, disappointed; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; astonishing, astonished等。等。英語(yǔ)中這樣的分詞還有很多英語(yǔ)中這樣的分詞還有很多, 如：如：1. A. Nobody was _ in the story he told. B. The story he told was very _. (interested, interesting )2. A. Everybody was _ to hear the news. B. The

14、 news is very _ indeed. (excited, exciting )Fill in the blank with proper words.Fill in the blank with proper erestedinterestingexcitedexciting練習(xí)一練習(xí)一: :3. A. The result of the test was rather _. B. He was very _ at the result of the test. (disappointed, disappointing )4. A. What he said was

15、 very _. B. I was very _ at the sight. ( amused, amusing )disappointingdisappointedamusingamused2. The girl who is dressed in red is Kellys long-lost friend.= The girl _ is Kellys long-lost friend.練習(xí)二練習(xí)二: 句型轉(zhuǎn)換句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. A thief stole the goat that was tired to the tree.= A thief stole the goat _ to the

16、tree.tireddressed in red3. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.= The castle, _ _, was never rebuilt. burnt down in the sixteenth century4. Father beat the son who was lost in the online games. =Father beat the son _ in the online games. lost5. The project, wh

17、ich was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only 2 year. = The project, _ _, was constructed in only 2 year. designed by the chinese engineers1. As is known to us all, traveling is _, but we often feel _ when we are back from travels. A. interesting; tiredB. interested; tiringC. in

18、teresting; tiringD. interested; tired A練習(xí)三練習(xí)三: :單選單選2. Hearing the _ news, we all felt _. A. encouraging, encouraging, B. encouraged, encouraged C. encouraged, encouraging D. encouraging, encouragedD3. From the dates _ on the gold coin, it is confirmed that was made five hundred years ago. A. markin

19、g B. marked C. to be marked D. having been markedB4. The _ look in her face suggested that she _ it before.A. surprising, wouldnt knowB. surprised, hadnt knownC. surprising, hadnt knownD. surprised, shouldnt knowB1Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa Ainvited Bto invite Cbeing i

20、nvited Dhad been invited2The computer center，_ last year，is very popular among the students in this school Aopen Bopening Chaving opened Dopened解析解析1：A。客人是已被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)的，所以應(yīng)用。客人是已被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)的，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示完成了的動(dòng)作和主謂之間過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示完成了的動(dòng)作和主謂之間的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)關(guān)系。的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)關(guān)系。解析解析2：D。電腦中心是去年。電腦中心是去年(被被)開(kāi)張的，既是完成開(kāi)張的，既是完成又是被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去

21、分詞作定語(yǔ)。又是被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。高考鏈接AD Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.seats reserved by water polluted by a room crowded with a winner pleased with P5Past Participle Past Participleas the Attribute1 as the Attribute2 6. children astonished at/by 7. a vase broken by 8. a door clos

22、ed by 9. the audience tired of 10. an animal trapped in/by 6. astonished children7. a broken vase8. a closed door9. the tired audience10. a trapped animal 1.He got _ about losing the money.2. The painter looked so _ after working for a whole day.blamedtired3 Complete the sentences using the past par

23、ticiple as the predicative.(P5)4.Everybody was _ to hear the death of the famous film star.shocked/ depressed3.I was _ with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.disappointed5. Everybody is really _ about the new Olympic stadiums.6.His wound became _with a new virus.excitedinfectedMost of the newspapers which were _ with this famous star reported the news of his death.concernedChoose appropriate verbs, using the past participle. Explain the use of the past participle in each sentenceworry interest arrive frighten prepare continue concernpredicativep431. T