動詞不定式用法小結(jié)

1、學習好資料歡迎下載一 .作主語例如：To be a doctor is hard.做醫(yī)生很難。To learn English well is not easy.學好英語不容易。動詞不定式（短語）作主語時，為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用式（短語）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示為：“ it作形”式主語，而把真正的主語動詞不定It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well.It s important to plant trees in spring.再如：如果動詞不定式的動作是誰做的，可以在動詞不定式前面加一個

2、由介詞for引導的短語，稱為不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Its good for us to read English aloud in the morning.對我們來說每天早晨大聲讀英語是很有益的。It is important for students to use English every day.對學生來說每天使用英語是很重要的。二 . 作表語：動詞不定式（短語）作表語常用于系詞be的后面。例：His work is to drive a car.他的工作是開車。My job is to feed animals.我的工作是飼養(yǎng)動物。Her ambition is to be a doc

3、tor.她的理想是當醫(yī)生。三. 作賓語動詞不定式 （短語） 可以放在一些動詞后面用作賓語，remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例：I want to tell you a story.能以動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：begin,start, want, forget,我想給你講個故事。They begin to work at eight every morning.他們每天早晨8 點開始工作。Don t forget to lock the door.別忘了鎖門。Would you like to go and have a picnic

4、 with us tomorrow?明天和我們一起去野餐好嗎？* 如果 and 連接兩個動詞不定式，第二個動詞不定式一般省“ to例：”（ 1） He wants to go and have a swim with us.他想和我們一起去游泳。（ 2 ）若作賓語的動詞不定式（短語）很長，可用it 作形式賓語。I find it interesting to learn English with you.我覺得和你一起學英語很有趣。He found it hard to catch up with others.他覺得趕上別人很困難。四 . 作賓語補足語。例如：The teacher aske

5、d us to read English for half an hour in the morning.老師讓我們早晨讀半小時英語。The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games. 老師常告訴 Jim 不要花太多時間玩電腦游戲。 Please let me help you.讓我來幫助你。動詞不定式作賓語補足語，表示賓語所做的動作，可以用動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：tell, ask, want, like,學習好資料歡迎下載invite, encourage, help等。但在l

6、et, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官聽覺動詞或使役動詞后面作賓語補足語的動詞不定式一般要省略動詞不定式符號“to，”可以歸納為以下三種句式：1.不可以省to 的不定式作賓語補足語：tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth.例： The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.I want you to go now.我想讓你現(xiàn)在就走。Her parents wish

7、 her to be a teacher.她父母親希望她當老師。2.省 “ to的不”定式作賓語補足語：Let / make / have sb. do sth.Let the boy go out now.讓那個男孩出去。The boy made the baby cry.男孩弄哭了這個小孩。see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.昨天我看見學生們在操場打籃球。I often hear the girl sing i

8、n the next room.我經(jīng)常聽到女孩在隔壁唱歌。3.可省可不省的：help sb.（ to ）do sth.I often help my mother（ to）do housework.我經(jīng)常幫媽媽做家務。* 動詞不定式的否定式是直接在to 之前加 not.例：（ 1） Tell them not to play football in the street.告訴他們不要在街道上踢足球。（ 2 ）省 to 的動詞不定式的否定式是直接在動詞前面加not.例：Let the boy not go.讓那個男孩別走。（ 3 ）如果將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，作賓語補足語的動詞不定式變?yōu)橹髡Z補

9、足語，動詞不定式則不省 “ to，即”原來省的再加上，例：The boy made the baby cry.The baby was made to cry by the boy.那個孩子被男孩弄哭了。五 . 動詞不定式作定語動詞不定式作定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語。例：Who was the first one to arrive?誰第一個到的？She has no paper to write on?她沒有紙寫字？The best way to learn English is to use it.學英語最好的方法是使用它。When is the best

10、time to plant vegetables?什么時候是種植蔬菜的最好時間？Do you have something to drink?你這有喝的嗎？* 動詞不定式（短語）作定語修飾名詞時，與其所修飾的詞具有一種動賓關(guān)系，如果不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞時，其后應加上一個含義上所需要的介詞。例：學習好資料歡迎下載I have no chair to sit on.我沒有椅子坐。He has no house to live in.他沒有房子住。六 . 動詞不定式作目的狀語：動詞不定式作目的狀語常用在go, come, hurry等不及物動詞后，表目的。He went to see his

11、sister yesterday.他昨天去看妹妹了。They got up early to catch the early bus.他們早起去趕早班車。有時可以把不定式（短語）提前，放于句首，表示強調(diào)目的。例：To early English quickly and well, he went to England.為了更快更好地學英語，他去了英國。七 . 不定式和疑問詞連用，可以作句子的主語、賓語、表語等。例：The problem is where to get a computer.（表語）No one knows how to do it.沒有人知道如何做這件事。（賓）I reall

12、y dont know which one to choose（賓.）我真的不知道選哪一個。When and where to have the party is not known.（主語）何時何地舉行聯(lián)歡還不知道。* 不定式和疑問詞連用作賓語時有時可以改為賓語從句。例：I don t know what to do next.我不知下一步該做什么？I don t know what I should do next.【模擬試題】（答題時間：30 分鐘）一 . 選擇填空：1.He asked me _ here earlier.A. comeB. to comeC. comingD. cam

13、e2.Please tell him _ on the wall.A. don t drawB. to not drawC. not to drawD. not draw3.He wanted _ a cup of tea.A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had4.I d like _ a word with you.A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have5.I came here _ my uncle.A. sawB. to seeC. seeingD. to be seen6.The man refused（拒絕） _ back his

14、words.A. to takeB. takingC. tookD. takes7.I can let you _ one ticket.A. to haveB. haveC. havingD. had8.We often heard him _ in his room.A. to singB. singsC. sangD. sing9.He was made _ day and night.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked10. He stopped _ a look, but saw nothing.A. havingB. to haveC. hav

15、eD. had11. My father was too angry _ a word.A. to sayB. not to sayC. to sayingD. didn t say學習好資料歡迎下載12.My brother was old enough _ to school.A. wentB. goesC. goingD. to go13.It is time _ him _ supper.A. of, to haveB. for, to haveC. of, havingD. for, to has14.Itry skindve _ you _ me.A. of, to helpB.

16、for, to helpC. of, helpD. of, helping15.It s important _ our classroom clean every day.A. keptB. to keepC. to giveD. keep16.Before liberation（解放） they had no chance _ to school.A. wentB. goC. to goD. to be gone17.He said he had an important meeting _.A. attendB. would attendC. attendingD. to attend1

17、8.Please give me a piece of paper _.A. to writeB. to write onC. writingD. to write it19.I don t know _.A. what doB. what will doC. what to doD. do what20.Your radio needs _.A. to be repairedB. to repairC. repairedD. to repairing21.My wish is _ a teacher.A. becomingB. to becomeC. becomeD. became22.I

18、want _ him a letter now.A. to writeB. not writeC. writeD. wrote23.It took us three days _ the trees.A. plantB. plantedC. to plantD. plants24.Why not _ here _ me?A. to come, to seeB. come, to seeC. came, seeingD. come, see25.He wishes me _ my best _ hard at English.A. to do, to workB. doing, workingC

19、. to do, workingD. do, work26.Please tell me _ her. I have something _ her.A. where to find, tellingB. where to find, to tellC. where can find, to tellD. where finding, telling27.How happy they are _ each other again!A. to seeB. seeC. sawD. being seen28.They decided（決心） _ a letter _ their thanks.A.

20、to write, expressing（表達）B. writing, expressC. write, expressedD. to write, to express29.The officer ordered（命令） him _ down _ a rest.A. lying, haveB. to lie, to haveC. to lie, havingD. lie, had30.The headmaster called on（號召） us _ hard for our country.A. to workB. workedC. workD. to working二 .根據(jù)上句意思完成

21、下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。1. He was so angry that he couldn t say anything.He was too angry _ _ anything.2. I don t know when we will have the meeting. I don t knowwhen _ _ the meeting.3. He said he would write a letter.He said he would have a letter _ _.學習好資料歡迎下載4.That you read English in the morning is v

22、ery important.It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning.5.He was so strong that he could lift the stone.（石頭）He was strong _ _ _ the stone.6.His father went to Beijing for his holiday.His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday.7.They got up early so that they could get there in time.8. Hi

23、s brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided _ _ the book.9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.10.I saw him go into the room.11.We made him work five hours a day.12.Do you want to say anything for yourself?13.We don t know what we shall do next.We don t know what _ _ nex

24、t.14.I m very sorry on hearing the bad news.I m very sorry _ _ the badnews.15.He stopped and had a look at me.He stopped _ _ a look at me.16.I helped him with his English.I helped him _ _ English.17.My father promised（許諾） that he would buy me a bike.My father promised _ _ me a bike.18.The box is so

25、heavy that I can t carry it.19. “ Lie down! ” the boy said to his dog. The boy ordered his dog _ _ down.20. “ Don t make any noise,he said to me. ”sShe told me _ _ _ any noise.【試題答案】一 .1. B2. C3. A4. C5. B6. A7. B8. D9. C10. B11. A12. D13. B14. A15. B16. C17. D18. B19. C20. A21. B22. A23. C24. B25.

26、A26. B27. A28. D29. B 30. A二 .1. to say2. to have3. to write4. for, to, read5. enough, to lift 6. to spend7. in, order, to, get8. to buy9. to visit10. to go 11. to work 12. to say13. to do14. to hear15. to have16. to learn （ study）17. to buy18. for, to carry19. to lie20. not, to make學習好資料歡迎下載一：形式主語或

27、形式賓語it那些未曾去過那個小村莊的人很難描繪出它的美麗。（ it ）It is very hard for those who haventhe small tvillagebeen to describe its beauty.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與那些一貫固執(zhí)己見的人合作。（it）I find it hard/it is hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.常需要用形式主語來翻譯的情況1、 It s + adj. + of/for sb. to do sth.Eg. It s so careless

28、 of you to make so many spellingmistakes in the English exam2、 It so happened thatEg. It so happened that I didn t have any money on me.3、 It s reported/ believed/ estimated thatIt s estimated that about 30 passengers were killed in the bus accident.4、在強調(diào)句 it is + that中Eg. It s because of his persev

29、erance that led to his late success.5、在含有某些形容詞的句子中，如important， necessary， impossible, natural, common, strange等。6、 It s likely thatEg. It s likely that John won t come though he has promised do.1. 據(jù)報道，飛機失事是由引擎故障引起的。 （report ）2. 我們已定好了規(guī)矩，開會遲到的要罰款。（it ） 3. 眾所周知，中國是個發(fā)展中國家。 （ It ）二：動名詞作主語.勤洗手是避免疾病傳染的有效方

30、法之一。(infect)Washing hands often/frequently/regularly is one of the effective ways toavoid being infected by diseases.充分利用時間并不意味著從早到晚不停地看書。(make full use of time)Making full use of time doesn t mean keeping on reading books from morning. till night長時間看電視有損視力。(do harm)watching too much TV does harm to

31、 ones eyes./Watching TV for a long time does harm to onePractice1. 定期復習課文可以使我們更好地掌握已學的知識。2. 大量砍伐樹木已經(jīng)對生態(tài)平衡帶來了嚴重影響。（enable（ upset ）3. 吃太多的甜食容易使人發(fā)胖。 （ likely ）三：句型結(jié)構(gòu)很多人身體有疾病時才認識到保持健康的重要性。(notuntil)Many people are not aware ofthe importance of being healthy until they are ill.這部有關(guān)第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的歷史小說引人入勝，我簡直愛不釋手。(sothat)The h