牛津譯林版八年級(jí)上學(xué)期比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)專題

1、 比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)專題講解學(xué)生目前情況(遺漏知識(shí)點(diǎn))部分知識(shí)點(diǎn)之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換教學(xué)目標(biāo)熟練掌握比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的規(guī)則變化教學(xué)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的加深拓展教學(xué)難點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的各種考法的解題思路一、同步知識(shí)專題 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的規(guī)則變化1）單音節(jié)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式是在詞尾加er 、est 構(gòu)成。great - greater- greatest fast - faster-fastest2）以 -e 結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是在詞尾加 r 、st 構(gòu)成。wide - wider- widest nice -nicer - nicest3）以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞、副詞的

2、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，把y改為i后加er 、est 構(gòu)成。happy - happier - happiestearly - earlier- earliest4）少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)也是在詞尾加er 、est 構(gòu)成。clever- cleverer- cleverest healthy- healthier- healthiest5）重讀閉音節(jié)的形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母加er、est。big - bigger - biggestthin- thinner - thinnest6）大多數(shù)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是在前面加more 和 mo

3、st來構(gòu)成。 beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful carefully-more carefully - most carefully7）以ly結(jié)尾的副詞，如果ly是后綴的，加more 和 most來構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。如果ly不是后綴的，加er 、est 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。early - earlier - earliest warmly- more warmly - most warmly8）副詞的最高級(jí)與形容詞最高級(jí)的區(qū)別在于形容詞的最高級(jí)前一定要有限定詞，如：the，物主代詞等。而副詞的最高級(jí)前可以不用定冠詞the。Spring is

4、 the best season in Kun Ming.He is my best friend.He jumps farthest in his class.9）比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化good - better - best ; bad/badly/ill - worse - worstmany/much -more - most; little - less - leastfar-further/farther-furthest/farthest10）副詞的最高級(jí)與形容詞最高級(jí)的區(qū)別在于形容詞的最高級(jí)前一定要有限定詞，如：the，物主代詞等。而副詞的最高級(jí)前可以不用定冠詞the。He

5、 is the best student in his class.He runs fastest in his class.知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)的用法原級(jí)的用法1）as + 原級(jí) + as表示兩者在某方面程度一樣 not so (as) + 原級(jí) + as表示前者不如后者e.g：1. Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu. 2. He did the work as carefully as her.2）the same 名詞as表示同等比較 e.g：1. A is the same size as B. A 的尺碼與B一樣。2. A and B are

6、 of the same size. A和B尺碼一樣。3）修飾原級(jí)的詞：very, too, quite, soe.g：1. He is a very good boy. 2. He watched the tiger quite carefully in the zoo.比較級(jí)的用法1）形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)用于兩個(gè)人或事物的比較。表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加”。連詞than后可接句子，也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、ing結(jié)構(gòu)和ed結(jié)構(gòu)。批注： than前后兩項(xiàng)相比較的人或事物要一致。e.g：1. Our teacher is taller than us. 2.

7、 It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 3. The clothes in this shop are more expensive than those in that shop. 4. Judy does her homework more careless than Lily. 2）形容詞前如加 less 和 least 則表示"較不"和"最不" 。lessthan= not as (so) ase.g：important - less important - least important This

8、room is less beautiful than that one. = This room is not so beautiful as that one.3）一方隨另一方的程度而變化時(shí)用the+比較級(jí)the+比較級(jí)。表示“越. 就越.”。 e.g：1. The more you study, the more you know. 2. The more, the better. 3. The harder he works, the happier he feels. 4） 本身程度發(fā)生改變時(shí)用“形容詞或副詞比較級(jí) + and + 同一個(gè)形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)”。表示“越來越. ”。 多

9、音節(jié)詞的只需用“more and more +形容詞或副詞”構(gòu)成此用法e.g：It's getting hotter and hotter. The girl has done her homework more and more carefully since last term.5）比較級(jí)前可用a little, a bit, a lot, any, still, far, much, even等詞語表示超過另一方的程度。e.g：This book is far more expensive than that one.He works much harder than his b

10、rother.6）表示一方比另一方更多少時(shí)，可以在比較級(jí)前加名詞。e.g：My brother is two years older than me.7）當(dāng)兩者比較，只出現(xiàn)一方，且句中含有of the two時(shí)，比較級(jí)前要加the,表示特指兩者當(dāng)中較的一個(gè)。e.g：He is the taller of the two boys. 8）倍數(shù)的表達(dá)倍數(shù)+as.as 倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than倍數(shù)+the+名詞+ofe.g：This bridge is three times as wide as that one.=This bridge is twice wider than that one.

11、=This bridge is three times width of that one. 9）否定+比較級(jí)用法=最高級(jí)的用法一般用于情景交際中e.g：I can't find a better one.= This one is the best.10）用比較級(jí)的形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思。在這種情況下，往往是將一個(gè)人或是一件事與其他所有的人、物或其他中任意一個(gè)人、物進(jìn)行比較。自己不可以與自己相比較，所以常在狀語中用any ,other , else類的字眼。e.g：He is taller than any other student in his class.(any other s

12、tudent里面已排除了he) 試比較： Shanghai is larger than any city in Australia. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. He is taller than anyone else in his class.最高級(jí)的用法1）三者或三者以上相比, 表示最高程度時(shí), 用 “the+最高級(jí)+表示范圍的短語或從句” 的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。其中表示范圍的介詞使用規(guī)律為：of或among接個(gè)體數(shù)量；in接范圍。e.g：Zhang Hua is the tallest of（among）the three.

13、He works (the) hardest in his class.2）用于特殊句型中，如：one of +最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。e.g：Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 3）與序數(shù)詞連用e.g：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：形容詞&副詞定義和常用位置形容詞是用來修飾名詞的，常被放在名詞前作定語，或放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語。例如：red apples, Chinese people; The dish tastes good.而副詞則用來修飾

14、形容詞、動(dòng)詞，其他副詞或者句子，一般位于形容詞之前，動(dòng)詞之后或句子之首, 例如speak fluently, answer correctly; very beautiful; However, he is right.知識(shí)點(diǎn)4：形容詞和副詞的特殊位置形容詞的特殊位置1）形容詞短語作定語，定語后置。例如：a language difficult to master; a leaning tower about 180 feet high2）表語形容詞（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定語，定語后置。如a man alive。有些表身體健康狀況的形

15、容詞如well, ill只作表語。sick既可作表語又可作定語，ill如作定語意為“壞的”相當(dāng)于“bad”。例：We shouldnt buy the ill（壞的） bananas ,because eating them can make us feel ill（生病的）.3）形容詞修飾由不定代詞one, no, any, some和every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞如anything、something等時(shí)，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.4）else常用作疑問代詞和不定代詞的后置定語。例如： What else do you w

16、ant? I have something else want to tell you.副詞的特殊位置副詞的分類：1時(shí)間副詞soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5頻度副詞always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地點(diǎn)副詞here, nearby, outside, upstairs, above6疑問副詞how, where, when, why3方式副詞hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether

17、, however, meanwhile4程度副詞almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8關(guān)系副詞when, where, why1）幾個(gè)副詞并列作狀語時(shí)，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式地點(diǎn)時(shí)間。如：We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. 有些副詞，常用于居首，如instead of, however, therefore, besides, luckily, sadly批注：注意在此列舉的副詞，在首字母填空和詞匯題中常常出現(xiàn)。2）頻度副詞如often, always, usually等在

18、be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞后，行為動(dòng)詞前。例如： She always finishes her work on time. She is always late for school. I will always remember you.知識(shí)點(diǎn)5：形容詞變副詞的規(guī)律形容詞變副詞通常是加-ly,其變化有規(guī)律可循,請(qǐng)記住以下口訣：一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“輔y”改i加，“l(fā)e”結(jié)尾e改y。分別舉例如下：quick-quickly; true-truly; happy-happily; possible-possibly 具體規(guī)則如下：1）一般情況下直接加“l(fā)y”，如：quick-

19、quickly; polite-politely; sad-sadly; immediate-immediately; recent-recently2）中考中以e結(jié)尾的形容詞，要去掉e再加-ly的，只有一個(gè)true-truly絕大多數(shù)輔音字母加e結(jié)尾的形容詞直接加-ly。如：polite-politely; wide-widely; wise-wisely; nice-nicely3）以“y”結(jié)尾的，且讀音為 / i /， 先將“y”改成“i”，再加“l(fā)y”，如：happy-happily; heavy-heavily; angry-angrily; busy-busily但是如果讀音為 /

20、 ai /， 直接加ly，如：dry-dryly; shy-shyly4）以輔音字母加le結(jié)尾時(shí),去e加y，如：simple-simply; comfortable-comfortably; terrible-terribly,gentle-gently; possible-possibly; probable-probably; 需注意:  有些以ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而非副詞。如：friendly people; motherly care; lovely dog; monthly exam; heavenly peace; a manly sport以-ly結(jié)

21、尾的詞性辨析表原意（無-ly）表具體含義 和引申意(有-ly)表抽象含義的副詞：deep深 The lake is very deep.deeply深入地 He was deeply moved by the story.wide寬廣 Open your mouth widewidely廣泛地 English is used widely.high高 He jumps high.highly高度地 My teacher spoke highly of what I did.有無-ly意義大不相同的副詞：hard 努力地 work hardhardly 幾乎不，表否定 I can hardly

22、understand you.late晚、遲arrive late, come late lately最近I havent seen him lately(recently). 批注：這個(gè)部分是形容詞副詞在句中比較特殊的位置和作用，所以在這個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)上要讓學(xué)生特別關(guān)注一下，特別是后面那些以ly結(jié)尾的是形容詞以及類似形容詞、副詞的區(qū)分，需要弄清楚。批注：復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成，對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)比較好的學(xué)生可以補(bǔ)充講解1）形容詞 + 名詞 + ed, 例如：kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白發(fā)的2) 形容詞 + 形容詞，例如：red-hot熾熱的，dark-blue深藍(lán)的3）形容詞 + 現(xiàn)

23、在分詞，例如：good-looking好看的，easy-going隨和的4）副詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞，例如：hard-working勤勞的，fast-moving快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的5）副詞 + 過去分詞，例如：hard-won得來不易的，newly-made新建的6）名詞 + 形容詞，例如：life-long終生的，world-famous世界聞名的7）名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞，例如：peace-loving愛好和平的，fun-loving愛開玩笑的8）名詞 + 過去分詞，例如：snow-covered白雪覆蓋的，hand-made手工的9）數(shù)詞 + 名詞 + ed，例如：four-storeyed 4層樓的，t

24、hree-legged 3條腿的10）數(shù)詞 + 名詞（名詞用單數(shù)），例如：ten-year 10年的,two-man兩人的這個(gè)部分是復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成，在名詞，形容詞加現(xiàn)在分詞以及數(shù)詞加名詞ed情況的需要特別注意，在練習(xí)中學(xué)生比較容易出錯(cuò)。二、【例題精講】題型1：形容詞、副詞原級(jí)例1： Yingtian is not as _  (tall) as Yongxian.   例2：Peter speaks Chinese well indeed，but of course not _a local speaker in China（2013蘇州） Aso f

25、luently as Bmore fluent than Cas fluent as Dmuch fluently than例3：她看起來不如瑪麗年輕。       She doesn't look _ _ _ Mary.題型2：形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)例1：You look _than before，why?A. more thin B. more thinner C. much more thin D. much thinner 例2：The       ( hard

26、) you study , the       ( well ) youll be at your lessons .例3：杰克的父親比母親大一歲。       Jack's father is _ _ _  than her mother.題型3：形容詞、副詞最高級(jí)例1：It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures.Right. That's what she

27、 likes to do _.A more Bless Cmost Dleast例2：Johnson has the _(little) bread of us four.例3：你能用最少的人力和最少的金錢將工作做的最好嗎？ Can you do the work        with        people and       money ?三、【能力提升】（梅嶺7A期中17-1

28、8）六、任務(wù)型閱讀（每空一詞，每空1分，計(jì)10分）Mr Morgan is an old man. He is 65years old. He has a big house and a new car. He has no wife, but he is a father. He lives a happy life. He has two sons and two daughters. One of them was born in NewYork. His name is Jack. And the other is Simon, and he comes from England. H

29、is daughters names are Qianqian and Mikou. Qianqian is from China, and Mikou is a Japanese girl. Mr Morgan is not their real father, but he loves them very much. In his free time, they often watch TV, listen to music and talk to each other. His son Simon likes football and wants to play as well as M

30、essi（梅西）. Jack likes basketball. Kobe(科比) is his favorite star. They often play sports in different clubs after school, but they walk home together after that. At weekends, the girls usually stay at home and watch TV. They sometimes help Mr Morgan with some housework because he is too old. This week

31、end, Mr Morgan and his children go to Disney Land in America . They drive there and see many visitors in Disney Land. A girl dressed like Snow White greets them and they talk with her in English. They all have fun.Family _76_Father, two sons and two daughtersMr MorganHe is a happy father of _77_ chi

32、ldrenJackHe comes from _78_Sports and_81_Jack likes basketball SimonThe other _79_ is an English boyMessi is Simons _82_QianqianA _80_ girlThe girls often watch TV and help their father with the _83_ MikouShe comes from JapanIn their _84_ timeThey often watch TV, listen to music and talk to each oth

33、er.This weekThey _85_ Disney Land . They all have fun.七、缺詞填空（共10空；每空1分，計(jì)10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整。（每空一詞） American schools begin in September a_86_ a long summer holiday. There are two terms(學(xué)期) in a school year: the f_87_ term is from September to January, and the second is from February to

34、 June. Most American children begin to go to school w_88_they are five years old. Most students are seventeen o_89_ eighteen years old when they finish high school. High school students have only four or five s_90_ to learn each term. They u_91_ go to the same classes every day and they have to do t

35、heir h_92_ for every class. After high school , many students go to college (大學(xué)). They can go to a s_93_ one or a large one. Students have to s_94_ a lot of money on their studies. So many college students w_95_ after class to make money.八、書面表達(dá)（計(jì)30）A：根據(jù)中文意思，翻譯下列句子。（每題2分，計(jì)10分）96. 短頭發(fā)的男孩喜愛放學(xué)后去閱讀俱樂部嗎？9

36、7. 讓我們下午一點(diǎn)半在校門口見面。98. 謝謝你帶領(lǐng)我參觀你們的學(xué)校圖書館。99. 學(xué)生們?cè)谥芰挛缇毩?xí)打排球。100. 努力工作使他的夢(mèng)想成真。 四、【課堂檢測(cè)】（樹人7B期末14-15）二、單項(xiàng)選擇。（本大題共15小題，每小題1分，計(jì)15分）21. Most people think that English is _ useful language, but some students think its _ unimportant subject. A. a, an B. a, an C. an, an D. an, a22. When we passed by the shop,

37、we heard someone _ for help. A. called B. calls C. is calling D. calling 23. Li Ping has a bad grade in English. He is so _ . A. care B. careful C. carefully D. careless24. Its hot here. Would you like to have _ to drink? A. enough cool something B. something cool enoughC. cool anything enough D. an

38、ything enough cool25. _ fine the weather is! And _ time the boys are having in the park! A. How a, what good B. How, what a good C. What a, What a good D. How, what good26. Look! The moon is shining _ the windows and everything is beautiful. A. across B. through C. over D. under27. My father is a te

39、acher and she always helps my brother and_ with_ English. A. I; our B. me; ourselves C. me; our D. I; my28. -Could I park my car here ? - . A. Yes, you can B. No , you couldnt C. Yes, you could D. No, I cant 29.- Do you like this pair of shorts? - Not very much. I dont like the colour. Please show m

40、e _. A. the other one B. another one C. other D. another pair 30. Goldfish are _ A. easily to look after B. easy to look afterC. easily to look after them D. easy to look after them31. She _able to help you if you _tell her the truthA. wont be；dont B. not：dont C. wont be；didnt D. no：didnt32. The fis

41、h smells _ and sells _.A. well, well B. good, well C. bad,bad D. badly,badly33. - Dont forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom. - OK, _. A. I dont B. I do C. I will D. I wont34. -Is this _ classroom? -Yes, it is.A. Lucy's and Lily's B. Lucy and Lily's C. Lucy's and

42、 Lily D. Lucy and Lily 35. I hear there _ a talk on the history of China at the hall _ April 20th. A. will have; in B. will be; on C. is going to have; until D. is going to be; at3、 完形填空。（本大題共15小題，每小題1分，計(jì)15分）It was seven o'clock on the morning of August 29th. The Kelly family were going to Brigh

43、ton, a 36 by the sea."Can we have breakfast 37_ we leave?" asked Gina Kelly."No," said her mother. "We must leave now; or the traffic will be _38_ . We'll have breakfast when we _39_ the seaside."Gina ran downstairs. "I'm ready," she said.The family cl

44、imbed into the _40_, and Dad started driving. 41 the car was Mike. He was eleven. He didn't talk but just 42 music. In the back of the car 43 Gina, her mother and Ellen. Gina was nine and Ellen was three.Dad drove very fast. "You're driving too fast," said Mum. "You don't

45、have to drive so fast. It's 44 ."Dad laughed and drove more 45 . There wasn't 46 traffic, and they reached the town at nine o'clock. It was a sunny day, and the sea 47 very blue. "There's a cafe about 50 meters 48 the beach." said Gina. "Can we have breakfast ther

46、e?" "Yes," said Mum. They went into the cafe, and ate a very big breakfast. "Oh dear, I am full," said Gina. " 49 can I swim when I've got all that food inside me?""Easy," shouted Mike. "Just watch me!" He ran towards the sea, followed by Gi

47、na happily.What an 50 day it was going to be!36. A. village B. city C. town D. shop37. A. before B. after C. while D. when38. A. wonderful B. safe C. terrible D. easy39. A. move B. leave C. clean D. get to40. A. bus B. car C. train D. ship41. A. In front of B. In the front of C. Beside D. Behind42.

48、A. heard B. listened to C. listened D. heard of43. A. was B. is C. are D. were44. A. late B. great C. busy D. early45. A. slow B. slowly C. quick D. quickly46. A. too much B. much too C. too many D. many too47. A. sounded B. tasted C. looked D. felt48. A. far from B. far away from C. away D. from49.

49、 A. Where B. How C. Whether D. Why50. A. exciting B. boring C. useful D. excited4、 閱讀理解。（本大題共15小題，每小題2分，計(jì)30分）閱讀下列短文，從文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。ALeeds CastleOne of the most popular tour attractions in BritainOpening timesOpen all year round except 7th and 8th November and Christmas Day (25th December) 2015.

50、1 April to 30 September 2015Open ：10:30 am-5: 30 pm Gates close at 6 pm1 October 2015 to 31 March 2016Open ： 10:30 am-4:00 pm Gates close at 5 pmPrices Adults ：£ 16.50 Students ：£ 9.50 Children under 4 ： free51. Leeds Castle is closed on . .A. 7th January B. 8th August C. 25th December D.

51、1st April52. John and Mary will take their three-year-old son to Leeds Castle. How much should theypay?A. £ 33 B. £ 16.50 C. £ 26 D. £ 9. 5053. What time does Leeds Castle close on 29th October?A. 6 pm B. 6: 30 pm C. 5: 30 pm D. 5 pmBA jobless man wanted very much to have the pos

52、ition of "office boy" at Microsoft. The HR manager interviewed him and then watched him cleaning the floor as a test. " You have passed the test," he said. " Give me your e-mail address and I'11 send you the form to fill in and the date when you may start. " The man

53、 answered," But 1 don't have a computer, neither an e-mail. " "I'm sorry,"said the HR manager. " If you don' t have an e-mail , that means you are not living. And anyone who isn' t living cannot have the job."The man left with no hope at all. He didn'

54、; t know what to do, with only $10 in his pocket. He thought and thought. Then he went to the supermarket and bought 10 kilos of tomatoes. He sold the tomatoes from door to door. In less than two hours, he had 20 dollars. He repeated the operation three times, and returned home with $60. The man came to know that he could make money in this way, and started to go early every day, and returned home late. Shortly, he bought a cart, then a truck, then he had his own fleet of delivery vehicles(運(yùn)貨車隊(duì)).Five years later, the man was one of the biggest food retailers(零售商)in