高中英語《現(xiàn)在完成時》PPT課件

1、* * *現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時* * * 構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞have（has）過去分）過去分詞詞否定句：在否定句：在have/has后加后加not. 一般疑問句：把一般疑問句：把have/has提到主語前提到主語前. 動詞的過去分詞：規(guī)則變化（和過去時一樣）動詞的過去分詞：規(guī)則變化（和過去時一樣） 不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時不規(guī)則變化：不規(guī)則變化： am/is-was- been are-were-been begin-began-begun break-broke-broken do-did-done draw-drew-drawn drink

2、-drank-drunk drive-drove-driven eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen fly-flew-flown forget-forgot-forgotten give-gave-given go-went-gone 完成時態(tài)的分類完成時態(tài)的分類 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時：站在：站在現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在回顧回顧過去過去 1.表示表示“影響影響” 2.表示表示“持續(xù)持續(xù)” 過去完成時：站在過去回顧過去的過去過去完成時：站在過去回顧過去的過去 將來完成時：站在將來回顧此前發(fā)生的事將來完成時：站在將來回顧此前發(fā)生的事件件1 “影響影響”表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響

3、表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果或結(jié)果. (多數(shù)需要結(jié)合上下文多數(shù)需要結(jié)合上下文語境語境）Eg. I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。我剛洗過衣服。（“洗衣服洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了衣服干凈了”） I have just had my breakfast. (對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓) 影響影響 近的影響近的影響 遠的影響遠的影響 經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷 eg. I have visited your factory before. 與其搭配的時間狀語：與其搭配的時間狀語：

4、just（剛剛）（剛剛）, already（已經(jīng)）（已經(jīng)）, before, yet（一般（一般疑問：已經(jīng)；否定句：還）疑問：已經(jīng)；否定句：還） never, ever I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet. 2.“

5、持續(xù)持續(xù)”表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，并可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。作或狀態(tài)，并可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。Eg. I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?1.for（段時間）（段時間）, since（過去點時間）（過去點時間）2.到目前為止到目前為止/迄今：迄

6、今： so far, till now, up to now3.最近幾個日、月、年以來最近幾個日、月、年以來：these days, in/ over/during for the last /past few years/months/weeks/days, through years與其搭配的時間狀語與其搭配的時間狀語(默認的時間結(jié)點在現(xiàn)在）默認的時間結(jié)點在現(xiàn)在）eg. I have been here for just over two years. He has worked here since 1989. 從從1989年，他就在這工作年，他就在這工作了。了。動詞動詞 延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)

7、性動詞 非延續(xù)性動詞的非延續(xù)性動詞的否定時態(tài)否定時態(tài) 或或轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞2.非延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞也稱終止性動詞，瞬間動詞， 表示動作瞬間完成 例如： become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry 3.非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換1.延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞have，keep等來代替非延續(xù)性動詞。等來代替非延續(xù)性動詞。他入黨五年了。He joined the Party five years ago

8、.He has been in the Party for five years.電影開始五分鐘了。 The film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five e/go be (in) leave be away borrow keep buy havedie be dead get to know know begin be on open be openclose be closed arrive be here/there marry/get married (to) be married (to)fall asleep/

9、get to sleep be asleepjoin the Party be in the Party/be a member of( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )I have bought a new dictionary for a week. I have had a new dictionary for a week.我買一本新詞典已有一星期了。我買一本新詞典已有一星期了。They have come here for two days.They have been here for two days.他們來這兒已經(jīng)兩天了。他們來這兒已經(jīng)兩天了。He has join

10、ed the League member for two years.He has been a League member for two years.他已入團兩年了。他已入團兩年了。The man has been dead for several years.The man has died for several years.這個人已經(jīng)死了幾年了。這個人已經(jīng)死了幾年了。1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( )2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( )A B CA B CB kept B been on3.

11、這輛自行車我買了兩年了。這輛自行車我買了兩年了。 Ive _ the bike _ two years.4. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.5. The monkey died last month. The monkey _ _ _ for a month.6. A: Hong long _ you _ ( ) B: Two weeks. A.did,get ill B. have,fallen ill C. were,ill D. have,been illhad forhas been aw

12、ay fromhas been deadD注意注意一一.常用現(xiàn)在完成時的句型常用現(xiàn)在完成時的句型This/It is the first/last/only + n.+ that+現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時完成時This/It is the first/secondtime that+現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時完成時This/It is + adj.最高級最高級(the best/worst/most interesting) +名詞名詞+that+現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時二二. have been in, have been to 與與have gone to 的用法：的用法：1、have (has) been in

13、表示表示“在某地（多長時間）在某地（多長時間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。那里。持續(xù)持續(xù)Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。他們到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。了。影響影響I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。我剛才去郵局了。Mary h

14、as never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城?，旣悘奈慈ミ^長城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？3、have (has) gone to 意為意為“到某地去了到某地去了” 影響影響 -Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。他到書店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。約翰遜到倫敦去了。三三.一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)分一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)

15、分The plane has arrived . 飛機已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)飛機已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機在這兒）在的情況：飛機在這兒） The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機是一刻中飛機是一刻中以前來的。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）以前來的。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去） I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）I taught here for fifteen years.

16、 我過去在這兒教過我過去在這兒教過十五年。（表示十五年。（表示“我我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）用括號中所給的動詞的適當形式完成下列句子。用括號中所給的動詞的適當形式完成下列句子。1. Mary _(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?2. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?3. -Are you thirsty? -NO, I _ just _ (have) some orange.4. We _already _ (return) the book.5. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?6. -Has Tom taught you English?-Yes, he _ (teach) us