調(diào)查和挖掘工作

1、主內(nèi)的朋友：感謝您慷慨的協(xié)助校正，請(qǐng)將錯(cuò)誤或修正之處，以有顏色之字體表示，為方便我們?cè)俅蔚男?duì)。天主保祐思高讀經(jīng)推廣中心 敬上 SURVEYS AND EXCAVATIONS 調(diào)查和挖掘工作The archaeological site, called at present Kefar Nahum in Hebrew and Talhum in Arabic, is located on the NW shore of lake Kinneret in Galilee some 210 m below sea level, 16 km from Tiberias, 3 km from et-T

2、abgha and 5 km from the upper Jordan river.那個(gè)考古遺址，在希伯來(lái)語(yǔ)稱(chēng)做Kefar Nahum在阿拉伯語(yǔ)則稱(chēng)做Talhum。他坐落在加利利Galilee的Kinneret湖的西北岸，在海平面下210公尺處，距離Tiberias16公里、et-Tabgha3公里以及約旦河上游5公里。The biblical site, though at some distance from modern settlements, can be easily reached both by land through an asphalt road encircling

3、the lake, and by boats leaving from Tiberias and from En Gev.聖經(jīng)中指出的地點(diǎn)The biblical site，雖然距離現(xiàn)代住宅區(qū)還有一點(diǎn)距離，但可以輕易地到達(dá)?？梢杂申懧防@行湖邊的泊油路而至，或也可以從Tiberias和En Gev乘水路而到。The ancient village was abandoned a millennium ago, but some Arab families of the Semekiyeh tribe kept living there until the Arab-Israeli war of

4、1948. Two thirds of the ruins belong to the Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land, while the remainder on the east side belongs to the Greek-Orthodox Patriarchate.該古老村落在千年以前就被遺棄，但還是有一些阿拉伯的Semekiyeh族人居住在那裡直到1948的以阿戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。三分之二的遺址屬於駐聖地方濟(jì)會(huì)所管理，剩下東側(cè)的部分則屬歸希臘東正教的教長(zhǎng)所保護(hù)。 The American scholar E. Robinson, who visite

5、d the site in 1838, left the following description: "The whole place is desolate and mournful. A few Arabs only of the Semekiyeh were here encamped in tents, and had built up a few hovels among the ruins which they used as magazines".美國(guó)學(xué)者E.羅賓遜在1838年訪(fǎng)問(wèn)該網(wǎng)址，離開(kāi)時(shí)留下了以下的描述：整個(gè)地方既荒涼又哀傷，只有一些阿拉伯的Seme

6、kiyeh族人在這邊紮營(yíng)，並且建造了幾棟小屋用來(lái)當(dāng)作他們的彈藥庫(kù)magazines。Capharnaum prior to 1894 1894年之前的葛法翁N(yùn)ot far from the lake shore Robinson noticed "the prostrate ruins of an edifice which, for expense, labour and ornament, surpasses any thing we have yet seen in Palestine". During a second visit he correctly iden

7、tified that building as a synagogue.羅賓遜在離糊岸不遠(yuǎn)處注意到倒塌的巨大建築，其手工和裝飾所費(fèi)不眥for expense, labour and ornament。超越了任何我們目前在巴勒斯坦所能看到的。在第二次訪(fǎng)問(wèn)時(shí)，他正確地指出這個(gè)建築物是一個(gè)猶太教堂。The English archaeologist C. W. Wilson in 1866 made in the synagogue a small sounding, which was still insufficient to provide a reliable plan of the edi

8、fice. Further, he described two monumental tombs, one of which is still visible some 200 m north of the synagogue.一位英國(guó)的考古學(xué)家C. W. 威爾遜在1866年在教堂內(nèi)發(fā)出了一聲驚嘆，但仍不足以提供這個(gè)偉大的建築一個(gè)可信賴(lài)的藍(lán)圖The English archaeologist C. W. Wilson in 1866 made in the synagogue a small sounding, which was still insufficient to provide a

9、 reliable plan of the edifice.。此外，他也描述了兩個(gè)巨大的墳?zāi)梗渲幸粋€(gè)至今仍可以在猶跳教堂北方兩百公尺處看到。In the following years the precious remains of the synagogue were heavily damaged by local Bedouins and by the inhabitants of Tiberias. This pitiable destruction, deplored in vain by the French traveller Guérin (1880), conti

10、nued until 1894. In that year the Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land, through brother Giuseppe Baldi of Naples (below), acquired from the Bedouins the ruins of the synagogue and a large area of ancient Capharnaum. The Franciscan property was soon fenced off and protected by stone walls still visibl

11、e today; and even the remains of the synagogue were carefully covered with earth for further protection against any vandalism.在隨後的幾年，這些在猶太教堂內(nèi)珍貴的遺跡被當(dāng)?shù)氐谋径家駼edouins人和太巴利Tiberias的居民嚴(yán)重地破壞。這是個(gè)悲慘的災(zāi)難，一名法國(guó)旅客格爾寧Guérin(1880年）為此發(fā)出譴責(zé)卻徒勞無(wú)功deplored in vain by，這個(gè)狀況直至1894年。在那年，駐聖地方濟(jì)會(huì)，經(jīng)由那不勒斯的朱塞佩巴爾迪修士Giuseppe Bal

12、di(下圖)從本都因人手中獲得猶太教堂遺址和一大片古葛法翁的地區(qū)a large area of ancient 葛法翁。方濟(jì)會(huì)物業(yè)很快地就用石牆將遺址圍起來(lái)，一直到今天都還看得見(jiàn)。既使整個(gè)教堂遺址都已經(jīng)被泥土所覆蓋保護(hù)，但還是被進(jìn)一步地被細(xì)心保護(hù)，以防止人為的惡意破壞。In 1905 Kohl and Watzinger of the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft were allowed by the Franciscans to excavate the synagogue. The cleaning of that imposing monument was

13、continued in the following years (1906-1915) by the Franciscan architect Brother Wendelin von Menden, who excavated also a portion of the ancient village on the W and SW sides of the synagogue, and finally started the excavations of an octagonal church some 30 m S of the synagogue. 1905年科爾Kohl和瓦辛格Wa

14、tzinger的德國(guó)東方公司被允許開(kāi)挖這個(gè)猶太教堂；並在接下來(lái)的幾年清理整個(gè)遺跡(1906年-1915年)。由方濟(jì)會(huì)中的建築師Wendelin von Menden修士，他也負(fù)責(zé)教堂西與西南側(cè)部分的古代村落的挖掘工作，並在最後開(kāi)挖一個(gè)距離猶太教堂南方三十公尺的另一個(gè)八角形的教堂。In 1921 Fr. Gaudentius Orfali of Nazareth (below), conducted a short season of excavations, partly uncovering the octagonal church and exposing an Arab level of

15、 the town in the area between the synagogue and the octagonal church. To this young Franciscan we owe the restoration of the synagogue.在1921年，納匝肋的歐法利神父Gaudentius Orfali(下圖)進(jìn)行了一季短暫的發(fā)掘工作，一部分是挖出八角教堂以及在猶太教堂和八角教堂間的阿拉伯地區(qū)Arab level鎮(zhèn)。exposing an Arab level of the town in the area between the synagogue and t

16、he octagonal church.對(duì)這個(gè)年輕的方濟(jì)會(huì)士，我們有責(zé)任恢復(fù)該猶太教堂。To this young Franciscan we owe the restoration of the synagogue.。A long dedicatory inscription in Latin was engraved on one column of the N stylobate by the Department of Antiquities to commemorate the event. After Orfali's untimely death in 1926, no

17、major work was done in Capharnaum for some 40 years.一段很長(zhǎng)的拉丁奉獻(xiàn)辭被刻在一個(gè)北邊的柱子底座上，是由古蹟部 to commemorate the event.所鑄。然而，自歐法利神父在1926年過(guò)逝後，葛法翁變便有長(zhǎng)達(dá)四十多年不再有重大的工程開(kāi)挖。 From 1968 to 1991 the dynamic Franciscan archaeologist Fr. Virgilio C. Corbo and the writer worked almost without interruption in rediscovering anc

18、ient Capharnaum. The excavations concentrated first on the two public buildings of the town, namely on the octagonal church and on the synagogue; and our efforts were rewarded by the sensational discovery of the house of St. Peter and of the first century synagogue built by the Roman centurion.直到196

19、8年至1991年，赤足方濟(jì)會(huì)dynamic Franciscan的考古學(xué)家兼作家寇柏神父幾乎不間斷的進(jìn)行重現(xiàn)葛法翁的工作。挖掘工作首先先集中於城中的兩處公共建築物上，也就是八角教堂和前面這間猶太教堂。而其中最振奮人心的激勵(lì)就是發(fā)現(xiàn)伯多祿的家還有該猶太教堂是在公元第一世紀(jì)由羅馬百夫長(zhǎng)所建造的。Before excavations of 1968 在1968年開(kāi)挖之前In addition, a large portion of the ancient village was brought to light, clarifying the long and fascinating history of the site. Fr. Corbo c