人教版新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)上第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解及練習(xí)

1、Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?  語(yǔ)言功能：談?wù)撨^(guò)去的事件 重點(diǎn)詞匯：try, wonder, dislike, wonderful, bored, were，was, stayed，visited，arrived, went, bought, ate, saw, felt，walk，discuss，expensive，cheap, interesting, boring, exciting, terrible, friendly, special, delici

2、ous, rainy，sunny, hot, wet, go on vacation, stay at home，decide to do sth. quite a few.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：quite a few 相當(dāng)多，不少 stay at home 呆在家 of course 當(dāng)然 go shopping去購(gòu)物 feel like 給的感覺(jué)，感受到 seem to be 好像 because of 因?yàn)?decide to do sth.決定做某事 go on vacation去度假 ride bicycles騎自行車 go to su

3、mmer camp 去夏令營(yíng) enough money足夠的錢 study for tests為考試學(xué)習(xí) the top of the hill 山頂重點(diǎn)句型：Where did you go on vacation?   We went to New York.  Did you go to Central Park?    Yes，I did. How 

4、was the weather?    It was sunny.  語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：肯定句：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式  否定句：助動(dòng)詞did not+動(dòng)詞原形（did not可縮寫為didnt）  疑問(wèn)句：助動(dòng)詞did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形語(yǔ)法1. 不定代詞，不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞，常用不定代詞有：something某事， somebody某人， someone某人， anything/某事，任何事， anybody某人/任何人， anyone某人/任何人， nothing沒(méi)有

5、東西， nobody沒(méi)有人， no one沒(méi)有人， everything每一件事， everybody每人， everyone每人。all所有的，each每個(gè)，both兩者都，much許多，many許多，（a）little少許，（a）few很少得，other（s）其他的（其他人），another另一個(gè)，none沒(méi)有，one一，either兩者中的一個(gè)， neither兩者都不。someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing等復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；either, neither, each, little, much 等不定代

6、詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)也用單數(shù)。如：Nothing is yet certain. 一切都還沒(méi)有肯定。Neither was satisfactory. 兩者都不使人滿意。No one goes to the school during the vacation. 假期時(shí)沒(méi)人到學(xué)校去。一般來(lái)講，修飾不定代詞的詞要放在不定代詞之后。There is nothing wrong with the radio.Do you have anything to say? Id like something to eat.Eg. Have you bought _for Lindas birthday?-Not

7、 exactly. Just some flowers.A. something unusual B. anything unusual C. unusual something D. unusual anything鞏固練習(xí)I'm so thirsty. Shall we get_to drink?I dont think_knows her new address.There's _in the new cupboard. It's empty now. _is too difficult if you put your heart into it.I think

8、you can find him _in the school.Could you tell_different between the two pictures?Please help yourself to_soup.something ,anyone, nothing, Nothing ,nowhere somewhere anything, some一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為；過(guò)去主語(yǔ)所具備的能力和性格。常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday，last night，in 1990，two days ago。一般過(guò)去

9、時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和often，always等表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他；否定形式： was/were+not; 在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞；一般疑問(wèn)句：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他1 Be 動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài).在沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中使用be動(dòng)詞， am, is 的過(guò)去式為was; are的過(guò)去式為were.構(gòu)成：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was (were) +表語(yǔ). 如：I was late yesterday. （昨天我遲到了。）否定句：主語(yǔ)+was (were) +not+表語(yǔ)，如：We weren't late y

10、esterday. （我們昨天沒(méi)有遲到）疑問(wèn)句：Was (Were) +主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)，如：Were you a student? 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was (were) +主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)Why was he late for school last Monday？ 上星期一他為什么遲到？2實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)肯定句要使用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，否定句和疑問(wèn)句要使用助動(dòng)詞did.否定句：主語(yǔ)+didn't +動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句：Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)I did my homework yesterday.I didnt do my ho

11、mework yesterday.(否定句)Did  you  do  your  homework  yesterday？Yes, I did.   /No, I didnt.(一般疑問(wèn)句)3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)：肯定句式：主語(yǔ) + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 其它否定句式：主語(yǔ) + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + not + 其它. 一般疑問(wèn)句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 其它？ 注：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：cancould , maymight , mustmust ，will-would，should-should。 

12、 特殊疑問(wèn)句式： 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他What could she do twenty years ago？ 20年前她能做什么？ 例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1 Mr. Mott is out. But he _ here a few minutes ago.A. was B. is C. will be D. would be2-Hi, Tom.-Hello, Fancy. I _ you were here.A. don't know B. won't think C. think D. didn't know動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

13、的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加ed，如：work worked looklooked2以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加d：live lived hopehoped useused3以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed：study studied carrycarried worryworried4以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed：stop stopped planplanned重讀閉音節(jié)體現(xiàn)形式為輔-元-輔結(jié)構(gòu)，5不規(guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：have-had有 are-were是 get-got得到 say-said說(shuō) feel-felt感覺(jué) do/does-did做 is-w

14、as 是 go-went去 drinkdrank喝 eatate吃 bring-brought帶來(lái) think-thought想,認(rèn)為 buy-bought 買 catchcaught抓住 teachtaught教 sit-sat坐 wear-wore穿 cut-cut切割 sweep-swept打掃 sleepslept睡覺(jué) become-became成為一般過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)題，.請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空1. He     (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat      

15、   (eat) a bird last night.3. We       (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy       (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I         (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They   &#

16、160;      (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother         (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls         (dance) at the party last night.9.  I      

17、   (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week. 10. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 按要求變換句型。 1. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑問(wèn)句）  _ Frank _ an interesting book about history?2. He cleaned his room just now. （劃線提問(wèn)） What_ he _ just no

18、w?3. Thomas spent $10 on this book. （否定句）   Thomas _ _ $10 on this book. 4. My family went to the beach last week. （劃線提問(wèn)）    _ _ _ family _ last week? Go on vacation,去度假；on vacation, 在度假（表狀態(tài)）summer vacation 暑假 winter vacation寒假Haikou is a beautiful city. Let s _ _

19、_ there.My parents are _ _ in Hawaii.some 一些，某些，某個(gè)，any一些，任何some和any 既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，some常用在肯定句中，而any則常用在否定和疑問(wèn)句中。因此 some和any 的用法主要是考慮用在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句還是否定句中A：Are there any apples in the fridge?B: Yes, there are some./ No, there arent any.A: Is there any water in the bottle?B: Yes, there is some water./ N

20、o, there isnt any water.Eg. He asked me for _paper, but I didnt have _.A. some; some B. any; some C. some; any D. any; any但在表示建議，反問(wèn)，請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句中，或期望得到肯定回答時(shí)，多用some而不用any。如：Would you like some coffee? 你要不要來(lái)點(diǎn)咖啡? Many, much, a lot of 許多much 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞 many 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) A lot of =lots of 接可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單

21、數(shù)。 a lot是副詞性短語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞。比如：Thanks a lot.= Thanks very much. 再比如：I know him a lot。 Few 和 a few, little 和 a little. few, a few是修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的, little, a little是修飾不可數(shù)名詞的。a few, a little意思是有一些，表肯定意味，few, little，意思是很少，幾乎沒(méi)有表否定意味。He has _ friends here, he feels lonely. 他這里沒(méi)朋友，他感覺(jué)寂寞。 There are _ eggs in the basket.籃

22、子里有幾個(gè)雞蛋。There is _ ink in my bottle, can you give me _ink? 我的瓶子里沒(méi)有墨水了，你能給我點(diǎn)兒墨水嗎？Decide決定，下決心decide to do sth. 決定做某事, 相當(dāng)于make up ones mind to do sth. decide的名詞形式為decision. decide to do sth 的否定形式是decided not to do sth. decide+名詞： I cant decide the date of the meeting.我決定不了這次會(huì)議的日期。decide to do sth： He

23、decides to go to Hong Kang on vacation.他決定去香港度假。decide+疑問(wèn)詞+to do： They cant decide whom to invite.他們不能決定該邀請(qǐng)誰(shuí)。decide+賓語(yǔ)從句： We decided that we would not go to the party tonight.Eg. Goldilocks decided to _for a walk in the forest.A. go B. to go C. going D. goestry,嘗試，努力，試圖try to do sth. 盡力做某事; try not

24、to do sth. 盡力不去做某事try doing sth. 試著做某事；try on 試穿(接名詞時(shí)，名詞放在on 前后都可以，接代詞時(shí)，代詞須放在try 和 on 之間。She is trying to draw a horse.她正努力畫一匹馬。You should try taking more exercise.你應(yīng)該試著多運(yùn)動(dòng).Ill try y best to help you.我會(huì)盡力幫助你。This skirt is very nice. Would you like to try it on? 這條裙子很漂亮，你想試一下嗎？What a difference a day

25、 makes! 多么不同的一天??！由what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，What+(a/an)+形容詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！What a beautiful girl she is! 她是一個(gè)多么漂亮的姑娘??！What important jobs they have done!Eg. _wonderful concert they are putting on in the city square!A. How B. What C. What a D. What an Enough，足夠的修飾名詞時(shí)， enough放前, 如enough money ,enough time修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，enough放

26、后面，如good enough, happy enough,well enoughEg.I dont know him _to ask him for help.A. good enough B. enough good C. enough well D. well enoughDid everyone have a good time?大家都玩得很開(kāi)心嗎？have a good time = enjoy oneself = have fun 玩得開(kāi)心 （+ doing）eg: We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall. = We enjoy

27、ed ourselves visiting the the Great Wall.= We had fun visiting the the Great Wall.I really enjoyed walking around the town. 我真的很喜歡在鎮(zhèn)上到處走走。 （P5）enjoy及物動(dòng)詞，意為“喜愛(ài)；欣賞；享受的樂(lè)趣”，其后接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 a. Do you enjoy your job? 你喜歡你的工作嗎？ b. I enjoy reading books. 我喜歡讀書。(enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事) 拓展： enjoy oneself =hav

28、e a good time = have fun 玩得開(kāi)心 （+ doing sth.） Bored無(wú)聊的，無(wú)趣的, 常用來(lái)形容人，boring形容物。bored 用于形容人，一般用作表語(yǔ)。如I am bored.boring用于形容物，意思是令人厭煩的，乏味的。如 it is a boring day! 類似用法的詞還有：interested對(duì)感興趣，修飾人,interesting有趣的，修飾物; excited感到興奮的，激動(dòng)的”,一般修飾某人. exciting“令人興奮的，使人激動(dòng)的”,一般修飾某物,; surprised感到驚訝的，一般修飾人, surprising令人驚訝

29、的，一般修飾物。I am interested in English. 我對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣。This book is very interesting.這本書很有趣。Feel like 感覺(jué)像，給人的感覺(jué)像是.，摸起來(lái)像1. 后接名詞Do you feel like a rest? 你想休息一下嗎?The material feels like velvet. 這料子摸起來(lái)像絲絨。2. 后接代詞Well go for a walk if you feel like it. 你愿意的話，咱們就去散散步。3.后接動(dòng)名詞I feel like&

30、#160;catching a cold. 我像是感冒了。4.后接句子 I feel like I want to cry. 我覺(jué)得我想哭。Wait,等待wait for ,等待，如 I'll wait for you. 我會(huì)等你的.cant wait,等不及，如We can't wait to get started. 我們迫不及待地想要開(kāi)始了。Wait a minute, wait a moment. 等一會(huì)兒；稍等一下I want to talk to you, but it can wait. 我想和你談?wù)?，但可以等?huì)兒

31、再說(shuō)。Because和because of 因?yàn)閎ecause是連詞，其后接原因狀語(yǔ)從句或回答以why開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句； 而because of是復(fù)合介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，不能接句子。 如 (1)_he is ill, he is absent today. (2)He is not at school_his illness. (3)He cant come_the heavy rain. (4)We like physics_we can learn a lot of ideas. 感官動(dòng)詞look, sound, smell, taste, feel可當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞，形成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。He looks angry.   他看起來(lái)很生氣。His explanation sounds reasonable.  他的解釋聽(tīng)起來(lái)合