高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——簡(jiǎn)單句word版附答案.docx

1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)：簡(jiǎn)單句一、簡(jiǎn)單句：只含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（即一個(gè)主語(yǔ)或并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)）的句 子叫簡(jiǎn)單句。簡(jiǎn)單句句型變化以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為核心，一般分為五種基本句型。I、簡(jiǎn)單句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)（一）、主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)：連系動(dòng)詞是連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。有特定含義，也有“人 稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)”形式變化。常見(jiàn)的表狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞有：be, seem, look, appear, keep, remain, stay, stand, continue, feel, sound, smell, taste, prove 等。表變化的系動(dòng)詞有:become, get, turn, grow, go, fall, come

2、, run 等。E.g:(2)、(4)、1( is getting colder.Her skin went brown in the sun .（1）、lb see is to believe .（3 ）、She turned lawyer.2、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)后，我們既自豪，又興奮。句型翻譯練習(xí)：（一）：1、它似乎沒(méi)有價(jià)值。3、他友好、誠(chéng)實(shí)、又勇敢。4、豆腐嘗起來(lái)可以但聞起來(lái)很糟。5、二十多歲時(shí)，他當(dāng)了工程師。6、不久小孩就睡著了。(二)、bleed, boil, bow, communicate, breathe, cough, cry, dance, develop, disappear, fa

3、ll, rise, exist, escape, fail, freeze, glance> go, graduate, happen, last, laugh, improve, lie, listen, pause, play, pray» rain, remain, run, saiL shout, sink, sit, sleep» snow, stand, stare, succeed, travel, talk, wait, work, live, wait» walk, weep 等。Eg:(2)、They have come a long w

4、ay .(4)、We've worked for five hours.主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞（即無(wú)賓語(yǔ),無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有:appear, arrive, begin,(1)、She sat clown beside me .(3)、The temperature has fallen several degrees. 句型翻譯練習(xí)：(二)：他從十年前起就在這兒工作。1、2、我們已經(jīng)走了五十英里路。3、故事發(fā)生在二十年代我的家鄉(xiāng)。4、孩子們正在公園里高興地唱歌，跳舞。5、我們將早起并按時(shí)到達(dá)。6、會(huì)議已持續(xù)了三小時(shí)。主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)：名詞、代詞 作賓語(yǔ)。E.g:（1 ）、Two

5、weeks you shall have.（3）、I wondered how he get there . 句型翻譯練習(xí)：（三）：1、他昨天下午正在家里做作業(yè)。（三）、（賓格）、數(shù)詞、不定式/動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句均可(2)、Follow me» please!(4)、She is listening to her new records.2、我們將要舉行一個(gè)晚會(huì)來(lái)慶祝我們的勝利。3、我們發(fā)現(xiàn)和他爭(zhēng)吵亳無(wú)作用。4、我收到他的邀請(qǐng)并立刻接受了。5、他發(fā)明了機(jī)器來(lái)幫助殘疾人。6、我們要爬山，畫畫和照相。（四）、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)（人）+直接賓語(yǔ)（物）：若將間接賓語(yǔ)后置則可構(gòu)成以下 結(jié)構(gòu)

6、句型1）、主+謂+賓+to sb:常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, hand, lend, tell, return ,write, teach, throw, allow ,promise, owe, pay, deal, post, sell, wish.2）、主+謂+賓+for sb:常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有:make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, play, save, spare, cook, sing, find, choose, draw ,find, get, order, prepare .句

7、型翻譯練習(xí)：（四）：1、他給了我一件漂亮的圣誕禮物。2、老師教了我們一首新歌。3、他們給我們帶來(lái)大量吃的東西。4、老大爺給我們講了一個(gè)動(dòng)人的故事。5、你能給我留出幾分鐘嗎？6、晚會(huì)上我們將給外賓唱幾首英語(yǔ)歌。（五）、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)可以是名詞，副詞，形容詞， 動(dòng)詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中變?yōu)橹餮a(bǔ)。）1）、以下名詞可用名詞作賓補(bǔ)：call, name, make, elect, think, find, consider, eg:1、我們叫他小湯姆.2、我們選他當(dāng)我們班長(zhǎng)。2） 以下動(dòng)詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)：ask, tell, order, i

8、nvite, force, get, beg, allow, wish, want, like, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, permit。warn, cause, remind 等。eg:1、老板迫使他每天工作12小時(shí)。.2、他鼓勵(lì)我盡最大努力去完成這項(xiàng)工程。3）、以下動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式要省"to”,但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則要帶let .have, see hear, watch, notice, feel, listen to<> eg:I、我看到孩子們上樓去了« 2、我們經(jīng)常聽(tīng)他唱歌。4）以下動(dòng)詞之后常用現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)

9、去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：find, see, hear, watch, notice, keep, get, have, feel, leave等。而make oneself +過(guò)去分詞這個(gè)句型常用于表使自己被.eg: make oneself understoodseenheardknown.® 自己被理解，看見(jiàn)。Eg:l、他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的車被盜了。1、我己經(jīng)把自行車拿去修理了。3、你的頭發(fā)該修理了。5）、以卜動(dòng)詞后常用形容詞作賓補(bǔ)（即:s+vt+o+adj）:make, get, keep, find, wish, see, leave, think, consider, paint, dye,

10、 cut（short）, set（free）, prove, eg:1、我們要努力使我們的家鄉(xiāng)更美麗。2、別把門老關(guān)著。3、讓她獨(dú)自呆會(huì)兒。6）、含有賓補(bǔ)的句子，如果賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+it+ 賓補(bǔ)+不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句”的句型。E.g:l、我認(rèn)為按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作是很容易的。2、他認(rèn)為重物比輕物下落時(shí)快是對(duì)的。句型翻譯練習(xí)：（五）：1、她讓剛漆過(guò)的窗戶敞開(kāi)著。2、她把墻漆成淡綠色。3、我感覺(jué)到有些不尋常。4、我們發(fā)現(xiàn)她是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人5、他邀請(qǐng)我們?cè)L問(wèn)他的國(guó)家。6、老師鼓勵(lì)我們學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。7、老板讓他們白天黑夜地干活兒。8、我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的書不見(jiàn)了，自行車被盜了9、校

11、長(zhǎng)叫人修理了書桌、座椅。10、他必須得仔細(xì)講解讓別人明白他的意思。11、我認(rèn)為干好這份工作是很有價(jià)值的12、我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。二、There be 存在句。1、其基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：There +be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+其他（狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)）E.g:1）、房前有個(gè)花園。2）、這里九月份雨水很多。2、該句型的時(shí)態(tài)變化為：There isare., There was'were., There is arewaswere going to be., There havehas been.。 e.g:l、己經(jīng)有大約10（）人等在這兒了。2、明天我校將有一場(chǎng)籃球比賽。3、該句型也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式:The

12、re be +p.p+ to be.1、據(jù)說(shuō)湖中有怪獸。2、人們認(rèn)為這份報(bào)紙沒(méi)有什么新內(nèi)容。4、該句型也可和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或useemhappenused n等詞連用。E.g:1 ）、There must be （have been）.2）、There ought toshould be.3）、There used to be.4）、There happenhappenshappened to be .5）、There appearappearsappeared to be. 6）、There seemseemsseemed to be.5、除動(dòng)詞外，還可以換用其他一些表示“存在/出現(xiàn)/消失

13、/”等意義的動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)。如：“stand, sit, lie, live, exist, come, rise, appear v 等。1）、從前，有一個(gè)皇帝。2）、接著傳來(lái)了敲門聲。3）、山上有一座古廟。句型翻譯練習(xí)：（六）：I、有許多人正在門口等著。3、報(bào)上沒(méi)有什么新東西，是嗎？5、應(yīng)該有這方面的法律。7、過(guò)去這兒有一個(gè)美麗的公園。2、這應(yīng)該是亳無(wú)理由的。4、人們認(rèn)為這份報(bào)紙沒(méi)有什么新內(nèi)容。6、一定有人到過(guò)這兒了8、似乎有人來(lái)過(guò)這兒。并列句:一、概念：由兩個(gè)或更多互不依從的簡(jiǎn)單句并列、用“并列連詞”或“連接副詞''連在一起，叫 并列句；其中每一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句叫“并列分句"

14、;。二、分類：1、聯(lián)合：and, neither.nor, not only.but also.nor2、轉(zhuǎn)折：but, while （而）,when 那時(shí)）,yet, still, however3、因果：and, and so, for, therefore, thus, then4、選擇：or, or else, either.or., otherwise （否則）三、用法：1、“連接副詞"前必須加逗號(hào)，但''并列連詞''前的逗號(hào)可省略。2、“連接副詞”前有時(shí)還可加and或but。3、分句之間通常只用一個(gè)連接詞，一般在最后一個(gè)分句前；其余分句間用

15、"逗號(hào)4、有時(shí)可不用“并列連詞”，而用“分號(hào)、冒號(hào)”；個(gè)別時(shí)候可用逗號(hào)。5、有時(shí)，凡個(gè)分句間有兒種不同關(guān)系，使用不同的“連詞”表示。6、如果并列分句中含有從句時(shí)，則稱這種“并列句''為“并列復(fù)合句氣鞏固練習(xí)一、單句改錯(cuò)1、I have never met someone cleverer than you are2、What a beautiful weather we are having now!3、Here is somebody whom you want to see him. 4、This is all what I want to tell you .5

16、、You are a little fat than when I saw you last time .6、Don't speak until you are spoken. 7、Though he is rich, but he works very hard .8、He gave me not only clothes, and also food.9、He nodded his head in silence, and his eyes bright with tears .l() I never buy anything unless it is not really nee

17、ded .11 I don't know when he will come back to home .12、Unless he works more harder ,hc will certainly fail.13、Mr Brown waved to him with smile .14、He will come and see us after the class .15 This book is too hard for me to read it. 16、What subject are you interested?17、The book belongs to mine

18、.18、What good time we had last night!鞏固練習(xí)二、特殊句式(簡(jiǎn)單句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、省略句)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1、Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?Yes, I'm going to visit some homes fbr the old in the city.A. If everB. If busyC. If anything D. If possible2、一 Who should be responsible for the accident?一 The boss, no

19、t the workers. They just cairied out the order.A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told3、I thought we'd be late fbr the concert,we ended up getting there ahead oftime. A. but B. or C. so D. for4、the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lotabout Firefig

20、hting. A. Having searched B. To search C. Searching D.Search5、you eat the correct foodsbe able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will6、My English teacher's humor wasmake every student burst into laughter.A. so as to B. such

21、as to C. such that D. so that7、It was announced that only when the fire was under controlto return to theirhomes. A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permittedC. would be residents be permittedD. the residents had been permitted8、Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the

22、 report by Jason, and.A. I was neitherB. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I9、Stand over thereyou'll be able to see the oil painting better.A. but B. till C. and D. or1()、It was in New ZealandElizabeth first met Mr. Smith.A. that B. how C. which D. when11> Not until the motorbike lo

23、oked almost newrepairing and cleaning it.A. he stopped B. did he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop12、It was along the Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much of hischildhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where13、It was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site.A .that B. when C. while D. as14>

24、; Only when I left my parents for Italy _ how much I loved them.A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize15、The artist was born poor, poor he remained all his life.A. and B. or C. but D. so16> So much of interestthat most visitors simply run out of time before seeing ital

25、l. A. offers Beijing B. Beijing offers/ C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer簡(jiǎn)單句參考答案（五）1 ） 1、We call him little Tom. 2> We elected him monitor2）、1、The boss forced him to work 12 hours a day .2、He encouraged me （o （ry my best/all I could lo finish the project.3）1、I saw the children go upstai

26、rs.2、He is often heard to sing4）、I He found his bike stolen. 1 I have had my bike repaired. 3、You should have your haircut. 5 ）、1、We will do our best to make our hometown more beautiful. 2、Don't keep the door closed all the time.3、Leave her alone for a while.6）、 I I think it quite easy to finish

27、 the job on time.2、He thinks it right that heavy objccs fall faster than light ones.二、There be 存在句。1 ）、There's a garden in front of the house. 2 ）、There's too much rain here in September.1、There have been 10 people waiting here.2、There is going to be a basketball match in our school tomorrow

28、.3、1、There is said to be a monster in the lake.2、There is thought to be nothing new in the newspaper.4、1 ）、There lived an emperor long before. 2）、Then there came a knock.3 ）、There stands/exists a temple.句型翻譯練習(xí)：（一）：1、It seems of no value2、We felt proud as well as excited after the sports meeting.3、He

29、 is friendly, honest and brave4、Tofu tastes good but smells terrible.5、He turned engineer when he was twenty. 6、The baby fell asleep soon 句型翻譯練習(xí)：（二）：1、He has been working here since 20 years ago2 We have walked 50miles3、The story happened in my hometown in the twenties4、The children are singing and

30、dancing happily in the park.5、We will get up early and get there on time. 6、The meeting has lasted three hours.句型翻譯練習(xí)：（三）：1 He was doing homework at home yesterday afternoon.2、Wc will hold a party to celebrate our victory.3、We found it of no use quarrelling with him.4、I received his invitation and a

31、ccepted it at once.5、He invented the robot to help the disabled.6、We will go climbing, draw pictures and take photos. 句型翻譯練習(xí)：（四）：1、Hw gave me a beautiful Christmas gift. 2、The teacher taught us a new song.3、They brought us lots of food. 4 The grandpa told us a moving story.5、Can you spare me a few minutes?6、We will sing some English songs to the foreigners in the party.句型翻譯練習(xí)：（五）：1、She left the newly painted window open.2、She painted the wall light green.3、I felt something unusual. 4> Wc