泛讀教程BookI第二版Unit4AfoodtouroftheUnitedStates

1、第二版Unit 4 A Food Tour of the United States One of the most intriguing features of American cooking is its variety. The traveler who crosses the U.S. by bus or by car will find the food as worthy of attention as the scenery - and full of unexpected surprises, too. For American cooking at it

2、s best is regional in character.      Except for turkey at Thanksgiving, no single dish has gained wide enough popularity in the U. S. to become a symbol for the country as a whole. Each region sets its table with a different specialty. These regional specialties c

3、apture the flavor and aroma and express the character of a particular locality（同一句中的橫線表示連起來看）. For instance, Cape Cod, a summer resort on the Atlantic Ocean, is famous for its clambakes, a seafood feast pulled ocean-fresh from the Atlantic and cooked over an outdoor fire on the beach. New Orlea

4、ns is known for its jambalaya, a spicy dish of rice, ham, shrimp, and tomatoes. And Boston, where the winters are long and cold, is called "bean town" because of its baked beans, a mixture of dried beans, salt pork, brown sugar, and molasses. Mixed in an iron pot and baked for hours in a s

5、low oven, this dish is hearty and nutritious. Americans say, "It sticks to your ribs."      Being regional, these dishes feature the vegetables, fruits, meats, poultry, and seafood that are locally available. And since local conditions - the soil, climate, and

6、 topography - vary a great deal in the U.S., as might be expected in the world's fourth largest country, the result is a national food menu on which most of the world's favorite foods are listed.        Seafood of all kinds is abundant in the states that border

7、the oceans or possess lake and river systems. Shrimp, crab, and lobster, as well as fresh fish are all mealtime favorites. Citrus fruit - oranges, grapefruit, lemons and limes - are produced in Florida and California. The fruit groves in these states supply most of the frozen juice and sun

8、-ripened fruit that grace the breakfast tables of the nation. Across the landlocked states in the Midwest stretch endless corn and wheat fields, rippling in the wind as far as the eye can see. These grains are used to make bread, cereal, and cooking oil. The region is called "the breadbasket of

9、 the nation." For vegetables, California is America's most bountiful state. It is first in the production of broccoli, asparagus, tomatoes, carrots, grapes, lettuce, peaches, and pears, and a variety of other foods. Where is meat produced? In Texas, of course. That's where you can see a

10、ll those tender roasts, steaks and chops.      True enough, all these foods are available at your local supermarket. But they have been canned, frozen, or packaged in some way and shipped many miles by rails or by truck. Wouldn't it be a treat to journey to the source, t

11、he point of origin, where the raw materials for great cooking begin? Pulled from the ocean or gathered farm fresh, this produce would be transformed by a local chef into a memorable dish fit for a king. After such a trip, what a gallery of memories the traveler would cherish! I recall, for exam

12、ple, a marvelous breakfast I enjoyed at a hotel in Charleston, South Carolina. The food was served buffet style from a long table. The first dish on the table was a bowl of grits, a Southern specialty made of cornmeal. The waiter served the grits in big spoonfuls, heaping several pats of butter on t

13、op. Then came a large pan of salted beef in cream sauce. It was surrounded by dishes of spiced apples, bacon, and park sausages. Eggs, sunny-side up, were next on the line. Beyond the eggs was a Virginia ham. Further down the table were stacks of toast and plates of pancakes topped with maple syrup

14、or honey and melted butter.     The traveler who would like to sample the real flavor of American cooking must explore the country as a whole. There are five distinct regions in all. Each has its own characteristic dishes. There is the Northeast, stretching fr

15、om Maine to Maryland, which is famous for its seafood; the south, which includes Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and neighboring states, where Southern fried chicken, collard(羽衣甘藍(lán)，羽衣甘藍(lán)葉（作蔬菜用）) greens, corn-bread, and black-eyed peas are popular; the Midwest or plains states of North and South Dakota,

16、 Nebraska, Illinois, and Kansas which specialize in fine breads and pastries; the Mountain Sates of Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho, where wild game such as deer and pheasant are found; and the Southwest states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, where barbecued food is a regional specialty. &#

17、160;   Doesn't each of these regions deserve a visit by the traveler who enjoys good food? Language Notesat one's best: 處在最佳狀態(tài),處于全盛時期；在最出色的狀態(tài)下; (演員)達(dá)到個人最高水平; (花等)在盛開期at the best of times: adv. 在最有利的情況下 at one's eloquent best: 將口才發(fā)揮得淋漓盡致 At her best, she'

18、s a really stylish player.He was never at his best early in the morning.hearty: adj. A hearty meal is large and very satisfying 滿意的；豐富的a hearty chowder. 營養(yǎng)豐富的雜燴stick to your ribs: （食物）撐人而且有營養(yǎng)的； 美俚(豐美的食物) 撐人肚皮；填滿肚子feature:v. When something such as a film or exhibition features a particular

19、person or thing, they are an important part of it. 以為主要內(nèi)容/特色buffet: n. 自助餐 火車飲食柜臺 車站快餐部grits:n. (plural - pl.). Grits are coarsely ground grains of corn which are cooked and eaten for breakfast or as part of a meal in the southern United States 粗玉米粉，玉米渣（美國南部常食用）grace:v. If you say that something gra

20、ces a place or a person, you mean that it makes them more attractive. 為增色；使更加優(yōu)美treat:n. If you say, for example, that something looks or works a treat, you mean that it looks very good or works very well. 樂事, 樂趣；使人愉快的事；快樂的事情A day in the country is a real treat for a city person.對一個生活在城市中的人來說，在鄉(xiāng)下呆上一天

21、真是一件樂事spiced: spice+edspice: n.調(diào)味品；香料；情趣; v.用香料調(diào)味；給增添趣味bacon: n. 培根 熏豬肉 咸豬肉 臘肉sunny-side up: 煎一面荷包蛋；sunny-side up eggs荷包蛋toast: n. Toast is bread which has been cut into slices and made brown and crisp by cooking at a high temperature. 烤面包 vi. When you toast something such as bread, you cook it at a

22、 high temperature so that it becomes brown and crisp. 烘烤（面包片等）syrup: n. 糖漿，糖汁 糖漿類藥品 甜蜜的情感 果汁，甜汁pastry: pl. pastriesn. 糕點(diǎn)( pastry的名詞復(fù)數(shù)) 面粉制的糕點(diǎn)；面點(diǎn)； 油酥糕點(diǎn)； 油酥面團(tuán)； 油酥面皮 pheasant:n. 雉；野雞1. tour到進(jìn)行旅游、巡視a bridal tour新婚旅行a foreign tour國外旅行a tour of inspection視察旅行circular tour周游, 環(huán)行collective tour團(tuán)體旅行inspectio

23、n tour巡回檢查package tour由旅行社代辦全部事宜的觀光旅游2. variety變化, 多樣性He brought home a variety of snacks. 帶回家許多種零食He didn't come for a variety of reasons 他因種種原因沒來。She made the children glad in a variety of ways. 她用各種方法使孩子們高興。3. worthy of attention 值得注意 /風(fēng)景, 景色They will prove worthy of the Party's trust.他們不

24、會辜負(fù)黨對他們的信任。He is worthy to have a place in the team.他配成為該球隊(duì)的隊(duì)員。This book is worthy of being read to be read. 這本書值得一讀。4. scenery風(fēng)景：尤指鄉(xiāng)村中的自然景色：I like mountain scenery very much. 我很喜歡山景。He enjoyed the varied mountain scenery. 欣賞不同的山景l(fā)andscape山水風(fēng)景畫攝影the spring landscape春天的風(fēng)景a landscape of snow雪景a landsc

25、ape in oil風(fēng)景油畫5. unexpected 未預(yù)料到的The experiment produced some unexpected results.Her death was totally unexpected.Hague's announcement was not entirely unexpected.6. regional in character帶有地方特色的in character 相符的：與特性或行為相符的：His behavior was totally in character. 他的行為與特性完全相符out of character 不相符的：與特性

26、或行為不相符的：The response was so much out of character that it amazed me.回答與其性格如此不符，使我感到吃驚7. except與besides意義不同。 “We all agreed except him.”表示“我們都同意, 只有他不同意?！薄癢e all agreed besides him.”表示“我們都同意, 他也同意。”8. turkey火雞9. Thanksgiving感恩節(jié)：十一月的第四個星期四，在美國是法定節(jié)日，用以紀(jì)念1621年在普利茅斯清教徒殖民者和萬帕諾亞格人的節(jié)日，以感謝上帝賜予豐收和健康為特征10. gai

27、n wide enough popularity 足以廣為流行 The mayor enjoys win general popularity享盛名, 受歡迎, 得眾望Enough: 用于被修飾語之后十分地; 足夠地; 充分地I am warm enough. 我夠暖和了。The meat is not cooked enough. 這肉未燒到火候。He was fool enough to agree. 他同意了, 真夠傻的。He didn't run fast enough to catch the train.他跑得不夠快, 沒趕上火車。修飾名詞時, 放在名詞前后均可 充足的,

28、足夠的There is enough food food enough for everybody.有足夠的食物供大家吃。11. popularityThe popularity of the Internet has soared.The president's popularityhas declinedconsiderably.12. symbol象征, 符號, 記號White is the symbol of purity. 白是純潔的象征。The symbol on the packet is a guarantee that the food has been produc

29、ed organically. 記號Fe is the chemical symbol for iron. 符號Space exploration provides a symbol of national pride. 象征13. as a whole 總體上He disliked the acting but enjoyed the play as a whole. 他不喜歡表演但整體上喜歡這個劇14. set the table/lay the table擺放桌子(=put knives, forks etc on a table before a meal)clear the tabl

30、e (=take all the plates, glasses etc off).15. specialty特色菜French pastry is the chef's specialty. 這個廚師的特色菜是法式面點(diǎn) 16. capture the flavour and aroma and express the character of a particular place保存了色香味又展示了地方特色flavour 滋味, 有特色的味道a flavor of smoke in bacon熏肉的煙味It contains no artificial flavors. 不含人工香料

31、aroma芳香, 香氣, 香味the aroma of garlic and onions. 大蒜和洋蔥的氣味the aroma of roses. 玫瑰的芳香17. capture引起（注意）并吸引?。簍ales of adventure that capture the imagination. 引起想象的探險故事成功地長久保存：capture a likeness in a painting. 保存一幅油畫中的人物肖像18. New Orleans新奧爾良(美國港市), 新奧爾良：美國路易斯安那州東南部城市，位于密西西比河和龐恰特雷恩湖之間。1718年建立，1722年成為法國殖民地的首都

32、并于1803年作為路易斯安那交易的一部分移交美國管理。然而，法國的影響支配著這個城市，特別是在教學(xué)法事和狂歡節(jié)的慶?；顒又?。新奧爾良是路易斯安那州最大的城市。人口496,93819. Jambalaya 什錦飯：一種用大米和蝦和牡蠣、火腿或雞肉烹制而成并用調(diào)味品和香料調(diào)味的克里奧爾食品20. a spicy dish of辛辣的, 加香料的21. ham 火腿 , shrimp小蝦, tomato西紅柿,22. Boston波士頓(美國馬薩諸塞州首府), 波士頓：美國馬薩諸塞州首府和最大城市，位于該州的東部，馬薩諸塞灣的一個海灣波士頓灣 上。建于17世紀(jì)，是18世紀(jì)反對英國暴動的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中心和19

33、世紀(jì)廢奴思想的強(qiáng)烈支持者?，F(xiàn)在是一個主要的商業(yè)、金融和教育中心。人口574,28323. baked bean（加番茄醬等制的）烘豆, dried bean干豆, salt pork咸肉, brown sugar紅糖, molasses糖漿,24. mixture混合, 混合物, 混合劑The day was a mixture of sun and clouds. 那天是晴時多云His new play is a mixture of saddness and humour.他的新劇本融悲哀和幽默于一體。Air is a mixture, not a compound of gases.空氣

34、是氣體的混合物, 不是化合物。25. oven烤箱, 烤爐, 灶26. nutritious有營養(yǎng)的；滋養(yǎng)的27. poultry 家禽28. a national food menu 民族菜單an admirable menu佳肴, 一頓美餐Let's see what is on the menu today. 讓我們看看今天菜單上有什么菜。29. list目錄, 名單, 列于表上a shopping list; a guest list; a list of things to do.一張購物單；客人名單；事項(xiàng)表She listed each item received. 列入所

35、收到的每一項(xiàng)She lists herself as an artist. 把自己列為藝術(shù)家30. the states that border the oceans 與.接壤, 接近Canada borders the United States. 加拿大與美國毗鄰The United States borders on Canada. 美國接界于加拿大31. crab 蟹, lobster 龍蝦,32. mealtime favorites進(jìn)餐時愛吃的菜33. citrus fruit柑橘類的水果, grapefruit 柚子, lemon 檸檬, lime酸橙,34. Florida佛羅

36、里達(dá)(美國州名) 佛羅里達(dá)：美國東南部一州，瀕臨大西洋和墨西哥灣。它于1845年被定為第27個州，該半島于1513年首先由胡安·龐斯·德·來昂發(fā)現(xiàn)，并成為包括現(xiàn)在美國東南部的西班牙人拓居地中心，西班牙最終于1819年割讓了這一地區(qū)。首府塔拉哈西，最大城市杰克遜維爾。人口13,003,36235. California加利福尼亞, 加州, 加利福尼亞：美國西部靠近太平洋的一個州。1850年被收納為第三十一個州。這個區(qū)域是西班牙的殖民地，后按瓜達(dá)盧佩一伊達(dá)爾戈條約回歸美國（1848年）。由于其陽光明媚的氣候，并在拓荒年代發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦，加利福尼亞常被稱為金色之州。薩克拉門

37、托是其首府，洛杉磯是其最大城市。人口29,839,25036. the fruit groves in these states果樹林37. sun-ripened fruit陽光催熟的 38. decorate 裝飾decorate a house for New Year裝飾房子過新年decorate sb. with a medal 授與某人勛章39. landlocked為陸地所包圍的a landlocked country.內(nèi)陸國40. stretch 綿延; 伸展The forests stretch for hundreds of miles. 森林綿延數(shù)百哩。This word

38、 will not stretch to cover that meaning. 這個詞不能引伸作那個解釋。The war stretched over four years. 那場戰(zhàn)爭延續(xù)了四年。41. Midwest 中西部; 美國中西部：美國中北部五大湖區(qū)及密西西比河上游河谷周圍的地區(qū)。通常認(rèn)為包括俄亥俄州、印第安納州、伊利諾斯州、密歇根州、威斯康星州、明尼蘇達(dá)州、衣阿華州、密蘇里州、堪薩斯州及內(nèi)布拉斯加州。該地區(qū)以肥沃的耕地及高度工業(yè)化的工業(yè)中心而聞名42. cereal谷類食物（指早餐吃的麥片粥等）43. productive能產(chǎn)的, 多產(chǎn)的productive forces生產(chǎn)力p

39、roductive labour有價值的勞動a productive writer多產(chǎn)作家a productive farm肥沃的農(nóng)場a productive prefix有構(gòu)詞能力的前綴44. broccoli 椰菜, asparagus蘆筍45. carrot胡蘿卜, grape葡萄, lettuce 生菜, peach桃子, pear梨子46. Texas德克薩斯州(美國州名) 得克薩斯：美國中南部一州，1845年它被接受為第二十八個州。西班牙人于16和17世紀(jì)探索此地，該地區(qū)于19世紀(jì)早期成為墨西哥的一個省，經(jīng)過二月份在阿拉蒙雖失敗但勇敢的奮力抵抗和在圣·杰西托戰(zhàn)役(4月21

40、日）中戰(zhàn)勝桑塔·阿那軍隊(duì)后，得克薩斯于1836年贏得獨(dú)立。美國國會反奴隸力量拒絕接受其為一州，得克薩斯的領(lǐng)袖們建立了獨(dú)立的共和國直到1845年。奧斯汀是其首府，休頓是其最大的城市。人口17,059,80547. tender嫩的, 溫柔的, 軟弱的48. roasts烤肉, steaks牛排, and chops排骨49. canned罐裝的, frozen冷冰的, or packaged小包裝的50. raw material原料These data are the raw material for the analysis. 這些數(shù)據(jù)是供分析的原始材料51. produce 產(chǎn)物

41、, 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品52. transform變換Success and wealth transformed his character. 成功和財富改變了他的性格。A steam engine transforms heat into power. 蒸汽機(jī)將熱能轉(zhuǎn)變成動力。53. chef廚師54. memorable值得紀(jì)念的, 難忘的a lady of memorable beauty絕代佳人This was indeed the most memorable day of my life. 這的確是我一生中最值得懷念的日子。 55. fit for對某一意圖、場合或使用是合適的a meal f

42、it for a gourmet; 對一位美食家很合適的一餐；a tractor fit for heavy duty; 適合干重活的拖拉機(jī)；not a fit time or place for an argument. 不是爭論的好時間或好地方。56. sample嘗試The restaurant critic must sample a little of everything.餐館品嘗員必須把每樣?xùn)|西都嘗一點(diǎn)57. distinct有區(qū)別的，不同的a distinct flavor. 獨(dú)特風(fēng)味58. the Northeast美國東北部：美國東北的地區(qū)，大致包括新英格蘭州，紐約，有時也

43、包括賓夕法尼亞州和新澤西州59. stretch伸展, 伸長Rubber stretches.橡皮筋可伸展。This word will not stretch to cover that meaning.這個詞不能引伸作那個解釋。The war stretched over four years.那場戰(zhàn)爭延續(xù)了四年。The forests stretch for hundreds of miles.森林綿延數(shù)百哩。His memory stretches back to his early childhood.他回想起自己的童年。Will the food stretch out? 飯菜供應(yīng)

44、得過來嗎?60. Maine緬因州(美國東北角的州), 緬因州：美國東北部的一個州，于1820年被收歸為第二十三個州。最早在1602年被歐洲人開發(fā)，此地區(qū)在1652年被馬薩諸塞州合并。緬因北部和加拿大新布倫瑞克省的邊界于1842年和英國以條約的形式確定下來。奧古斯塔為其首府，波特蘭是其最大城市。人口1,233,22361. Maryland馬里蘭馬里蘭州：美國中部偏東的一個州。1788年成為最早的十三個殖民地之一。該殖民地作為英國的羅馬天主教的避難所，由巴爾的摩勛爵1634年建立。安那波里為州府，巴爾的摩為最大城市。人口4,798,62262. the South：美國的南方地區(qū)，尤指美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)

45、時為南部邦聯(lián)作戰(zhàn)的各州63. Mississippi密西西比州(美國州名) 密西西比：美國東南部的一個州。它于1817年被接受為第二十個州。此地區(qū)最早的定居者（1699年）是法國人，當(dāng)時這一片地區(qū)是路易斯安那的一部分。后來又歸英國（1763-1779年）和西班牙統(tǒng)治，最后于1783年割讓與美國。1789年成立密西西比區(qū)，并于1804和1813年兩次擴(kuò)大，其中也包括今天的阿拉巴馬州。杰克遜是州首府和最大的城市。人口2,586,44364. Alabama阿拉巴馬州(美國的一個州), 亞拉巴馬州：美國東南部一個州。1819年被接納為美國第22個州。亞拉巴馬首先由西班牙人勘查，南部地區(qū)作為“路易斯安

46、那購置”（1803年）的一部分被美國占領(lǐng)。蒙哥馬利為其州府，伯明翰是最大城市。人口4,062,60865. Georgia喬治亞州(在美國南部,首府在Atlanta), ：美國東南的一個州，據(jù)認(rèn)是1788年北美最初13個殖民地之一。1732年由以英國慈善家詹姆斯·奧格爾索普為首的一群人建立并以喬治二世國王命名它。亞特蘭大是它的首府和最大城市。人口6,508,41966. Dakota達(dá)科他(美國過去一地區(qū)名, 現(xiàn)分為南、北達(dá)科他州),67. Nebraska內(nèi)布拉斯加州：大草原上美國中央的一個州。于1867年成為美國的第三十七州，該地區(qū)通過1803年的路易斯安那的購買成為美國的一部分

47、，根據(jù)1854年的堪薩斯-內(nèi)布拉斯加法案成為獨(dú)立的領(lǐng)土。它的現(xiàn)在的邊界定于1867年，林肯是其首府，奧馬哈是最大城市。人口1,584,61768. Illinois伊利諾斯州(美國州名), 伊利諾斯州：美國中北部的一個州。1818年作為第二十一個州加入美國。法國人在17世紀(jì)后期首先開發(fā)了此地，1763年法國又將其割讓給英國，1783年英法兩國共同將其割讓給新建立的美利堅(jiān)合眾國。斯普林菲爾德是該州首府，芝加哥為最大城市。人口11,466,68269. Kansas堪薩斯州：美國中部一州。1861年被批準(zhǔn)為第34個州。通過1854年的堪薩斯內(nèi)布拉斯加法案，堪薩斯被組織成為一個地區(qū)。該法案規(guī)定，遵照

48、人民主權(quán)論的原則該地區(qū)可以成為自由州或蓄奴州。1854年至1859年間該州實(shí)質(zhì)上成為自由派和蓄奴派的戰(zhàn)場，被稱為血腥的堪薩斯?？八_斯最終被批準(zhǔn)成為自由州。其首府為托皮卡，最大城市為威奇托。人口2,485,60070. specialize in擅長于, 專攻The shop specializes in mountain-climbing gear. 專門銷售登山用具的商店71. fine breads and pastries優(yōu)質(zhì)的面包和餡餅72. Colorado美國科羅拉多州(位于美國西部) 科羅拉多州：美國中西部的一個州，1876年被確認(rèn)為第38個州。于16和17世紀(jì)首先被西班牙人探險發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過路易斯安那購買（1803年）和墨西哥的割讓（1848年）而加入美國版圖。科羅拉多的區(qū)劃正式確立于1861年，丹佛是其首府和最大城市。人口3,307,91273. Montana蒙大納(美國州名) 蒙大納州：美國西北部與加拿大接壤的