初中賓語(yǔ)從句的講解與運(yùn)用

1、The Object Clause (Revision)賓語(yǔ)從句（復(fù)習(xí)）賓語(yǔ)從句（復(fù)習(xí)）武都區(qū)漢王中學(xué) 李朝英 賓語(yǔ)從句是主從復(fù)合句的一種。主從復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的。 主句是復(fù)合句的主體，從句僅僅是主句的一個(gè)成分，它從屬于主句，不能獨(dú)立。從句在全句中充當(dāng)什么成分，就叫什么從句。賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中的從句在全句中作賓語(yǔ)。賓賓 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 從從 句句概念概念：句子的賓語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、句子的賓語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、 動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)，當(dāng)一動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)，當(dāng)一 個(gè)句子充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)個(gè)句子充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí),我們把這個(gè)句我們把這個(gè)句 子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的三要點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)

2、從句的三要點(diǎn)： 1、引導(dǎo)詞、引導(dǎo)詞 2、從句語(yǔ)序、從句語(yǔ)序 3、從句的時(shí)態(tài)、從句的時(shí)態(tài)由從屬連詞由從屬連詞thatthat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 由連接代詞 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和連接副詞 where,how,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由從屬連詞由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一、一、引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞：取決于從句的語(yǔ)氣：取決于從句的語(yǔ)氣1.從句是陳述語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that.2.從句是一般疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用if或 whether.3.從句是特殊疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊 疑問(wèn)詞。e.g: Im afraid that yo

3、u are right. I want to know if it will rain tomorrow. I didnt hear what he wanted me to do . Do you know whose bag I am carrying? He asked me if I taught English.注注：that 在句中無(wú)詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中往往省略e.g. 1. I hear (that) _. （一小時(shí)后他會(huì)回來(lái)）（一小時(shí)后他會(huì)回來(lái)）2. He said (that) _. （他非常想念我們）（他非常想念我們）3. The teacher to

4、ld us (that) _. （地球圍著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)）（地球圍著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun由連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what及連接副詞 when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句1. He asked . (誰(shuí)能誰(shuí)能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題）2. Do you know_. （他們?cè)诘人麄冊(cè)诘日l(shuí)誰(shuí)）3. He asked _. （誰(shuí)的書(shū)法是班上最好的誰(shuí)的書(shū)法是班上最好的）4. Please tell me _

5、. （我我們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)）5. Can you tell me _. （他在哪兒他在哪兒）6. Could you tell me _. （我我該怎么去車(chē)站該怎么去車(chē)站）9. Would you tell me _（為什么為什么火車(chē)遲到了火車(chē)遲到了） who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose handwriting was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station w

6、hy the train is late由從屬連詞由從屬連詞whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句e.g. 1. I want to know _. （他是否跟我們一起去公園）（他是否跟我們一起去公園）2. Ask him _. （他是否能來(lái)）（他是否能來(lái)）3. I dont know _.（是否（是否要下雨）要下雨） if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not1、當(dāng)句末為、當(dāng)句末為or not時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用時(shí)，引導(dǎo)

7、詞只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.2、在不定式前，、在不定式前，引導(dǎo)詞只能用引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.例如：例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.二、從句語(yǔ)序：一律用陳述語(yǔ)序二、從句語(yǔ)序：一律用陳述語(yǔ)序 主句主句+引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+其他其他nHe asked me when I arrived in Shanghai .nI want to know where they will go.nCould you tell me what you are reading?

8、nI dont know where he lives . e.g : Could you tell me how e.g : Could you tell me how I can get toI can get to the Science Museumthe Science Museum ? ? He asked him where He asked him where he came fromhe came from . . Did you know Did you know whats the name of the whats the name of the handsome bo

9、y in the classroom yesterdayhandsome boy in the classroom yesterday？ Please tell me where Please tell me where I can buy the I can buy the beautiful flower .beautiful flower .請(qǐng)注意觀(guān)察紅色字體的語(yǔ)序三、主三、主. .從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)n1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以用任何時(shí)態(tài)。主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以用任何時(shí)態(tài)。n2.主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句用過(guò)去范疇的時(shí)態(tài)。從句用過(guò)去范疇的時(shí)態(tài)。n3.主句是一

10、般過(guò)去時(shí)，但從句表達(dá)的是客觀(guān)真主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但從句表達(dá)的是客觀(guān)真 理或自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。理或自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。ne.g: He says that he is reading a book now.n He said that he would work hard.n They said they had been to France.n The students asked me if the earth goes round the sun. 具體的具體的時(shí)態(tài)的變化時(shí)態(tài)的變化 1. 1.當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不作限制，我們當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句

11、的時(shí)態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)使用需要的任何一種時(shí)態(tài)?？梢愿鶕?jù)句子的意思來(lái)使用需要的任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。 e.ge.g I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that )

12、 Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English . 2.2.當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某一種時(shí)態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。的某一種時(shí)態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。 e.ge.g He said ( that ) he would go to Xian . He said ( that ) he would go

13、to Xian . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( that ) he had had supper already . He said ( that ) he had had supper already . 3.3.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的是客觀(guān)存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀(guān)存在的真理當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的

14、是客觀(guān)存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀(guān)存在的真理時(shí)，就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)，就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 e.ge.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that light travels faster The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sou

15、nd. than sound. The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .useful to our health . 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) ： 賓語(yǔ)從句末尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)由主句決定，不受從句的限制。如果主句是陳述句或者是祈使句時(shí)用句號(hào)；而主句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，句末則用問(wèn)號(hào)。 e.g He asked me if / whether I could help him . Do you know where Li

16、Ping is ? Please tell me which colour you like best . Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ? 四、賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)四、賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) 五、賓語(yǔ)從句的否定形式五、賓語(yǔ)從句的否定形式 ： 一般而言，賓語(yǔ)從句的否定式與一般句子的否定式是一樣的。一般而言，賓語(yǔ)從句的否定式與一般句子的否定式是一樣的。但若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是但若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 think 、 expect 、 believe 、 guess 、 imagine 、 suppose 等表示等表示“認(rèn)為，猜想認(rèn)為，猜想”的詞

17、時(shí)，一般要把賓語(yǔ)從句中的的詞時(shí)，一般要把賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。否定式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。 e.g I dont think its going to rain . I dont believe she will lend you the money . 但是，如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是但是，如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 hope ，則不適用于此規(guī)則。，則不適用于此規(guī)則。 e.g I hope he wont come .n六、賓語(yǔ)從句與直接引語(yǔ)變六、賓語(yǔ)從句與直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。間接引語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。n 直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)之后通常都構(gòu)成一直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)之后通常都構(gòu)成一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。因此我們要掌

18、握好賓語(yǔ)從句個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。因此我們要掌握好賓語(yǔ)從句的用法必須也要熟悉直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的用法必須也要熟悉直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的規(guī)則。的規(guī)則。 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech引語(yǔ)的概念引語(yǔ)的概念直接引述別人的原話(huà)，叫直接引述別人的原話(huà)，叫 _;_;直接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ) 用自己的話(huà)把別人的話(huà)陳述出來(lái)，叫用自己的話(huà)把別人的話(huà)陳述出來(lái)，叫 _。間接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)通常都用直接引語(yǔ)通常都用_括起來(lái)，括起來(lái)， 引號(hào)引號(hào)“ ” “ ” 間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè) _。賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechSh

19、e said, “I like singing. ”She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”She said, “I visited Europe last year.”She said, “I have never met an American.”She said, “I will see you next week.” She said that she liked singing.She said that she was waiting for a bus. She said she had visited Europe the year before.

20、She said she had never met an American. She said that she would see me the next week. SUMMARY 直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句, ,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)用連詞用連詞that（可省略）（可省略）引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句句. .從句中的從句中的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等相應(yīng)變化等相應(yīng)變化. .、人稱(chēng)的變化、人稱(chēng)的變化口訣說(shuō)明直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一一隨隨主主二隨賓二隨賓第三第三人稱(chēng)人稱(chēng)不變不變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱(chēng)變間引后與主稱(chēng)變間引后與主句

21、主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保句主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保持一致持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱(chēng)變間引后與主稱(chēng)變間引后與主句賓語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保句賓語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保持一致持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱(chēng)在變間引后人稱(chēng)在變間引后人稱(chēng)不變稱(chēng)不變She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they

22、 wanted tohelp him.一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱(chēng)不更新一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱(chēng)不更新直接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.注注: : 直引若是客觀(guān)真理直引若是客觀(guān)真

23、理, ,變?yōu)殚g引時(shí)變?yōu)殚g引時(shí), ,時(shí)態(tài)不變時(shí)態(tài)不變. .時(shí)態(tài)變化2 2 直接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示指示代詞代詞 時(shí)時(shí) 間間 狀狀 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 方向性動(dòng)詞方向性動(dòng)詞 this, that, these those now, then, today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the

24、next/following daynext month the next/following month here there come, go,bring take 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can, may, must could,might,had to Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechShe asked me whetherif I had seen the film.He asked, “Are you a doctor, John?”He asked John ifwhether he was a doctor. She asked us where we wer

25、e going to get off.He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.SUMMARY 直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要把疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序變?yōu)橐岩蓡?wèn)語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序陳述語(yǔ)序。 直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句, ,變?yōu)殚g接引變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)語(yǔ)時(shí), ,用連詞用連詞 if 或或 whether 連接。連接。 直接引語(yǔ)是直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句, ,變?yōu)殚g接引變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)語(yǔ)時(shí), ,仍用仍用原

26、來(lái)原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞的疑問(wèn)詞作連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。作連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。Direct SpeechIndirect Speech“Never do that again,” the teacher saidThe policeman ordered us to be quiet.The policeman ordered:“Be quiet.”The teacher told the boy to open the window .The teacher said to the boy ,”O(jiān)pen the window .”The teacher told me not /never to do that aga

27、in“Wait a moment” she said to them.She asked them to wait a moment . 直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變成間接引語(yǔ)，直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變成間接引語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)詞原形變成把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式，并在動(dòng)詞不，并在動(dòng)詞不定前加定前加tell, ask, order , advise等動(dòng)等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。詞的賓語(yǔ)。注意：注意：否定句，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加否定句，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not或或never. .SUMMARY解題步驟解題步驟: :1.1.陳述句陳述句“I dont like computers,” Sandy said to her frie

28、nds.Sandy said to her friends that I dont like computers.said/tolddidntsheSandy said to/told her friends that she didnt like computers.2.2.一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句: :Is it easy to work out the problem?( They asked him )They asked himifIt is easy to work out the problem.it is easy to work out the problem.askediswa

29、sThey asked him if it was easy to work out the problem.3.3.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )They asked himwhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.harvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.4.4.祈使句祈使句Little boy, put on your coat.(They ordered )They ordered

30、Little boy Little boy, put on your coat. put on your coat.They ordered the little boy to put on his coat.1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4. I hear they _ (return) it

31、already. 5. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) will be goes were playing has returned had been 1. He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)2. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)3. I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)4. I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be)travels are talking were were doing10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)13. Ling Feng told me