點(diǎn)睛課講義(完型填空解題步驟及技巧)

1、課題完型填空解題步驟及技巧授課時(shí)間：備課時(shí)間：2009-11-03教學(xué)目標(biāo)1培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合分析能力及信息篩選能力2掌握完型解題技巧，能夠快速，準(zhǔn)確地解題重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)介詞的使用，同義次的辨析，非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用1.語法題(1)語法的 2個(gè)考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一從句（重點(diǎn)）考點(diǎn)二非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing 形式和 -ed 分詞（次重點(diǎn)）考點(diǎn)及考試要求(2)連詞的使用方法（語法銜接題）2.詞匯題(1)簡單的同義詞、近義詞辨析(2)語義的銜接技巧固定搭配教學(xué)內(nèi)容Part 1Please do the following exercise:I ve always loved pigeons(鴿子 ). Some years

2、 ago I managed to persuade my wife to let mebuy a few and start1them myself. They cost a lot of money and so it spoilt(破壞 )our2a bit, but my wife never actually stopped me so I3carried on. I learnt so much aboutthem that I could4a good racer anywhere and I bought some beauties. My pigeons wonsome to

3、p races, and I even began to make a bit of 5.You see, people are prepared to pay big prices if they get to know that your pigeons are 6 big prizes.My wife had been changing her7to the pigeons over the last year or two anyway. Shewas quite8of all the prizes wed won. Then there was the travelling, whi

4、ch she likedYou see someone has to take the pigeons a 9 way off and release them. Some of the 10were really nice. I never travelled. I used to like to wait at home and see them come in. Theygot this wonderful sense of11, which can bring them back home so quickly. Theyd flownhundreds of miles sometim

5、es 12storms or against strong winds. And there theydwhite birds against the great13. Then Id watch them14 round and come down onto thelanding shelf. I d look at my watch and think,that“Mys goodness,a15.” And I d takoff the little leg ring and push it through the machine to16 what time he d arrived.

6、Then mywife would17 up and say,“Has he arrived yet?” Then we would work out if18we.Then last year we had a 19 ! One of them got some sort of flu(流行病 )and died, then they all 20 . It was terrible, I had to burn them all. We lost a fortune, of course.1.A. racingB. feedingC. tendingD. flying2.A. dreamB

7、. workC. marriageD. hobby3.A. justB. evenC. almostD. hardly4.A. noticeB. learnC. imagineD. recognize5.A. livingB. funC. moneyD. change6.A. losingB. winningC. givingD. making7.A. subjectB. decisionC. relationD. attitude8.A. proudB. fondC. carefulD. sure9.A. differentB. longC. shortD. far10.A. distanc

8、esB. activitiesC. tripsD. movements11.A. directionB. sightC. hearingD. touch12.A. overB. acrossC. withD. through13.A. heavenB. mountainC. cloudD. sky14.A. turnB. danceC. circleD. whistle15.A. flyB. timeC. dayD. look16.A. writeB. recordC. countD. memorize17.A. comeB. showC. phoneD. cheer18.A. againB.

9、 finallyC. onlyD. accidentally19.A. disadvantageB. chanceC. problemD. disaster20.A. flew downB. went downC. let outD. gave outBuilding a house costs quite a lot of money. _1_you plan to build a house. Yourfirst_2_will be to find a right piece of land. Your choice will depend on many different things

10、.You will probably try to_3_a sunny place, with_4_surroundings near shops and bus stops,not too far from your friends and the place where you work.Next you will find an excellent_5_, and together with the builder you will work outa_6_. The builder will draw the plan. It will_7_the number of rooms, t

11、heir position andsize, and other parts which must be noticed,_8_windows, doors and electric outlets. Thebuilder will work out_9_is needed to_10_your house. He will_11_the cost of the wood,bricks, the glass, and_12_else that must be used in building the house. Later on, when hestarts to build, this e

12、stimate(預(yù)算 ) must be corrected and revised. His estimate is based onexisting_13_, but prices of such things may _14_, and many other things mayhappen_15_the time when he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house.When the builder gives his estimate, you may wish to_16_your plan. (You m

13、ay also wish to change your builder, if his estimate is too_17_!) You may find that some of the features you wanted at first_18_too much, or that you can spend a little more and_19_something to your plan. The builder's estimate depends on the plan,_20_the final plan depends on the builder's

14、estimate.1. A. Think B. Expect C. Suppose D. Decide2. A. step B. method C. way D. class3. A. find B. look C. discover D. uncover4. A. happy B. pleasant C. lonely D. pleased5. A. builder B. worker C. secretary D. father6. A. cost B. plan C. map D. problem7. A. show B. draw C. see D. appear8. A. such

15、as B. for example C. that D. which9. A. how many builders B. how much money C. the days D. the bricks10. A. give B. sell C. build D. buy11. A. work out B. depend on C. take away D. put up12. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. other thing13. A. things B. plan C. goods D. price14. A. rise B. red

16、uce C. increase D. change15. A. in B. between C. among D. by16. A. give up B. turn off C. change D. put off17. A. low B. high C. fine D. cheap18. A. cost B. pay C. spend D. takes19. A. reduce B. place C. add D. lay20. A. and B. so C. but D. then答案與解析 1.C。這里是舉例說明建一座房子要花很多錢 , suppose意為 "假設(shè) "

17、。2. A 3. A 4. B。第一步要找到一塊合適的土地 ,一個(gè)充滿陽光的地方 ,距商店和汽車站很近、而且離朋友的住處和你的工作地點(diǎn)也不太遠(yuǎn)的地方。 5. A 6. B。下一步你要找一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的建筑商 ,然后與其一起策劃一份設(shè)計(jì)圖。 7. A 8. A。房屋的平面圖應(yīng)該顯示出房間的數(shù)量、位置和規(guī)格,其它部分如窗、門和電源插座也應(yīng)該標(biāo)出。 9. B 10. C。建筑商會(huì)計(jì)算出來建造這座房子要花多少錢。 11. A 12. C。他將計(jì)算出木材、磚、玻璃以及建房子必用的一切材料的費(fèi)用。 13. D。根據(jù)下文的 prices 可確定此答案。 14. D。材料的價(jià)格可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化的,下一句也暗示了這一點(diǎn)

18、。 15. B。由 the time when. and the time when.可判斷此處用介詞 between。16. C 17. B。當(dāng)建筑商提供預(yù)算之后 ,你也許想改變計(jì)劃。如果他的預(yù)算太高 ,你也可能想換一個(gè)建筑商。 18. A 19. C 20. C。你可能發(fā)現(xiàn)你當(dāng)初的設(shè)計(jì)花費(fèi)太高 , 或者你可以多花一點(diǎn)兒錢 ,設(shè)計(jì)上再增加點(diǎn)東西。建筑商的預(yù)算根據(jù)你的設(shè)計(jì)而定 ,但最終的設(shè)計(jì)依建筑商的預(yù)算而定。Part 2高考完型填空題命題特點(diǎn)與趨勢(shì)一： 高考完型填空命題特點(diǎn)： 1. 高考完型填空題全文有 20 個(gè)詞被挖空 , 考生必須理解全文大意、作者意圖、綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、語法知識(shí)，準(zhǔn)確

19、得體地在 4 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案 . 每小題所給出的 4 個(gè)選項(xiàng)一般都屬于相同詞類 , 同一范疇 . 錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)也大多可以和空前空后文字形成某種搭配, 從而起到一定的干擾與迷惑的作用. 2. 高考完型填空題所選的文章多采用是以英語為母語的人所寫，語言地道、準(zhǔn)確獨(dú)立成篇和文氣貫通 . 3. 高考完型填空題選材廣泛 , 涉及日常生活文史知識(shí)科技小品社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)人物社會(huì)等 , 文章的體裁主要是記敘文說明文和議論文 ( 夾敘夾議居多 ).therefore, because, besides 4.高考完型填空題重語境，輕語法.考查實(shí)詞多 ,虛詞少 . 主要是動(dòng)詞名詞副詞形容詞等. 5. 強(qiáng)調(diào)語

20、篇的分析和理解的連貫性 . 文章的設(shè)題大多需要學(xué)生綜合句子段落或語篇等多層次的知識(shí)理解和運(yùn)用英語詞匯的能力 . 近年來完型填空題考查趨勢(shì)由局部理解向整體理解轉(zhuǎn)移 , 整卷結(jié)構(gòu)減少了單句層次的試題 , 明顯增加了語篇理解的試題 , 設(shè)問角度突出考查對(duì)整句 , 對(duì)上下文乃至全篇的理解 .二 . 解題技巧四步曲：(1).跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意(2).結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，綜合考慮，初定答案(3).瞻前顧后，先易后難 , 個(gè)個(gè)擊破(4).復(fù)讀全文，檢查驗(yàn)證，確認(rèn)答案具體做法如下：1. 通讀全文，了解大意學(xué)生們習(xí)慣于邊讀邊填空 , 急于求成 . 正確的方法是 : 依據(jù)首句給于的提示理解全文的窗口， 能夠幫助考

21、生抓住文章行文的起點(diǎn)和思路，找出解題的突破口。重視首句的開篇啟示作用。完形填空題一般不給標(biāo)題，但是按命題規(guī)律， 首句往往是完整的句子， 是通過邏輯思維 , 捕捉文中關(guān)鍵詞語的語義、 辨別信息 ,借助連詞和具有連接作用的副詞、代詞、關(guān)系詞、介詞及插入語 , 跳過一個(gè)又一個(gè)空格 , 盡快把全文通讀一至兩遍 , 快速掌握全文大意 . 先弄清 4 個(gè) W ( who when where why ), 后分析作者的態(tài)度是積極的還是消極的 ; 是明確的還是模糊的 ; 是肯定的還是否定的 . 這樣才能把握準(zhǔn)文章作者發(fā)展脈絡(luò) .2. 先易后難，瞻前顧后掌握了全文大意后 , 先選出明確和直接的答案 . 而后在

22、推敲疑點(diǎn)時(shí) , 要緊扣文章情景 , 展開邏輯思維 . 從上下文中尋找線索 . 由于完形填空的文章是一個(gè)意義相關(guān)聯(lián)的語篇，圍繞一個(gè)話題論述，因此在行文中詞語的重復(fù)、替代、復(fù)現(xiàn)和同現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象是不可避免的。根據(jù)這個(gè)原則，某一個(gè)空格所對(duì)應(yīng)的答案很可能就是在上下文中復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞，考生可以根據(jù)這些詞之間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系來確定答案。所以，解題時(shí)應(yīng)聯(lián)系上下文尋找相關(guān)線索，如某一個(gè)詞的原詞、指代詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞和概括詞等。但由于我們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)不可能總是重復(fù)地閱讀文章，因此，在做完形填空時(shí)要培養(yǎng)一種捕捉并記憶相關(guān)信息的能力。利用上文的某些信息，通過合理的邏輯判斷，可正確推斷出下文未知信息，要確保從上文

23、推斷出的信息準(zhǔn)確無誤，須特別注意上下文連貫順暢。此時(shí)可借助某些邏輯性強(qiáng)的連詞，如and, but,so, however,等。有時(shí)我們需要通過下文所提供的信息進(jìn)行反向推斷。此時(shí)同樣需要借助某些邏輯性強(qiáng)的連詞，進(jìn)行合理的、嚴(yán)密的邏輯思考和逆向邏輯判斷。在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)空格前后句作深入分析，確定空格在句中的意思。如果是語法問題，不僅要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)，還要考慮整個(gè)詞法、句法。如果是語義問題，要從上下文分析，依據(jù)短文自身完整的語言環(huán)境進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。3. 邏輯連貫前后參照做完形填空時(shí)，一定要注意填入的詞在意義上與文章內(nèi)容相符，在邏輯上保持一致。因此文章的發(fā)展應(yīng)是連貫通順，合乎邏輯。覺得很難選擇

24、時(shí)，可把前邊的句子再讀一遍，甚至再重讀一遍，整體理解深了，選詞有時(shí)就有豁然開朗的感覺，原來很難選的詞就會(huì)迎刃而解。注意從詞匯的意義、搭配、慣用法、語法、常識(shí)等多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行綜合考慮 , 務(wù)必使答案填入后句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意思都能上下連貫 . 不能只考慮本句的意思和備選的答案 , 要注意段落與段落之間的內(nèi)在邏輯聯(lián)系 , 領(lǐng)悟暗示 , 選對(duì)答案 .4. 重讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案填完后 , 通讀全文 , 從三方面驗(yàn)證答案 : 結(jié)構(gòu) , 語義及邏輯性 ; 詞匯、習(xí)語和句型準(zhǔn)確性 ; 中西方跨文化意識(shí)的得體性。全部答案選定后，應(yīng)再次對(duì)全文進(jìn)行復(fù)讀，并全方位、多角度地檢查所選答案，看能否使全文連貫暢通，內(nèi)容清晰，主題突

25、出。在復(fù)核過程中，凡遇不通之處必是有待推敲的疑點(diǎn)。對(duì)平時(shí)易犯的錯(cuò)誤尤其要給予足夠的重視。對(duì)于個(gè)別拿不準(zhǔn)的答案，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)自己的語感，尊重第一次選擇的答案，若無充分依據(jù)，切勿輕易改動(dòng)。Part 3高考英語真題A little boy invited his mother to attend his school's first teacher-parent meeting. To the little boy's _1_, she said she would go. This _2_ be the first time that his classmates and teache

26、r _3_ his mother and he felt _4_ of her appearance. Although she was a beautifulwoman, there was a severe scar疤(痕 ) that _5_ nearly the entire right side of her face. The boy never wanted to _6_ why or how she got the scar.At the meeting, the people were _7_ by the kindness and natural beauty of his

27、 mother _ 8_ the scar, but the little boy was still embarrassed and _9 _ himself from everyone. He did, however, get within _10_of a conversation between his mother and his teacher.The teacher asked _11_, "How did you get the scar on your face?"The mother replied, "_12_ my son was a b

28、aby, he was in a room that caught fire.Everyone was _13_ afraid to go in because the fire was _14 ，so I went in. As I wasrunning toward his bed, I saw a long piece of wood coming down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked _15_ but fortunately, a fireman came in and saved

29、both of us." She _16_ the burned side of her face. "This scar will be _17_, but to this day, I have never _18_ what I did."At this point, the little boy came out running toward his mother with tears in his eyes. He held her in his arms and felt a great _19_ of the sacrifice犧(牲 ) that

30、his mother had made for him. He held her hand _20_ for the rest of the day.1. A. enjoyment B. disappointment C. surprise D. excitement2. A. would B. could C. should D. must3. A. noticed B. greeted C. accepted D. met4. A. sick B. ashamed C. afraid D. tired5. A. included B. passed C. covered D. shaded

31、6. A. talk about B. think about C. care about D. hear about7. A. impressed B. surprised C. excited D. comforted8. A. in sight of B. by means of C. by way of D. in spite of9. A. hid B. protected C. separated D. escaped10. A. understanding B. reminding C. hearing D. learning11. A. carefully B. serious

32、ly C. nervously D. anxiously12. A. As B. When C. Since D. While13. A. so B. much C. quite D. too14. A. out of control B. under control C. in control D. over control15. A. helpless B. hopeless C. senseless D. useless16. A. pointed B. showed C. wiped D. touched17. A. ugly B. lasting C. serious D. frig

33、htening18. A. forgot B. recognized C. considered D. regretted19.A. honorB. sense C. happiness D. pride20.A. quietly B. slightly C. tightly D. suddenly1-5BADBC6-10AADAC 11-15ABDAC 16-20DBDBC文章大意：母愛是偉大的。它深藏在母親的內(nèi)心 -不會(huì)輕易表露出來 -和表現(xiàn)在母親為孩子所作出的犧牲中 -它給母親自己卻帶來了疤痕。文章中的這個(gè)小男孩后來認(rèn)識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)。1B 前后照應(yīng)邏輯推理詞義比較小男孩邀請(qǐng)媽媽去參加學(xué)校的

34、第一次家長會(huì)。從后文不難看出，小男孩不想要他媽媽去， 因?yàn)樗麐寢屇樕嫌邪毯郏?可他媽媽卻愿意去， 這事使得小男孩不快樂 (enjoyment)，不激動(dòng) (excitement)，不吃驚 (surprise)，而是很失望 (disappointment)，因?yàn)檫@樣會(huì)讓他尷尬，讓他蒙羞2A 語法規(guī)則 此句考查過去將來時(shí)態(tài) (would) 。3D 前后照應(yīng)詞義比較 這將是第一次他媽媽與老師和同學(xué)會(huì)面 (meet)。notice(注意到 )， greet(問候，打招呼 )，accept(認(rèn)可，接受 )都應(yīng)該發(fā)生在 meet 動(dòng)作之后，meet 是先決起始動(dòng)作。 前文的 his school's

35、 first teacher-parent meeting已有所暗示。4B 常識(shí)運(yùn)用前后照應(yīng)詞義比較小男孩因?yàn)樗麐寢尩耐獗?臉上有塊疤痕 -而感到羞愧 (ashamed)，而不是惡心 (sick)，害怕 (afraid)，疲憊 (tired)。后文的 the little boy was still embarrassed 尷(尬 ) and hid himself from everyone 有所暗示。5C 詞義辨析常識(shí)運(yùn)用邏輯推理 媽媽的整個(gè)右臉上是一塊明顯的疤痕。疤痕在臉上不是包住 (include) 臉面，不是通過 (pass)臉面，也不是遮蔽 (shade)臉面，而是直接覆蓋 /鋪在

36、臉面上。 include 包住 , 關(guān)住，包含 , 包括； pass經(jīng)過，通過； cover 覆蓋，鋪，往往是物體與物體之間直接接觸； shade遮蔽，使變暗，往往強(qiáng)調(diào)與物體之間有一定的空隙，使光變暗而形成遮蔽。6A 前后照應(yīng)邏輯推理常識(shí)運(yùn)用 小男孩很在乎 (care about)，也想過 (think about)，但沒有聽人說過 (hear about)，從來就不愿談?wù)?(talk about)媽媽為什么又怎么得上的疤痕。7A 詞義比較邏輯推理家長會(huì)上，媽媽的自然的美貌和親切的舉動(dòng)給到會(huì)的人留下了深刻的印象(impress)。impress使得深刻印象，打動(dòng)； surprise 使驚奇 /

37、驚訝； excite 使興奮 , 使激動(dòng)； comfort 安慰 , 使舒適8D 詞義比較邏輯推理 雖然 (in spite of)媽媽臉上有疤痕，但這疤痕卻掩飾不住媽媽的美麗和親切。 in sight of 臨近 , 可被 .望見；by means of 通過，用，借助于；by way of 經(jīng)由 , 作為 , 為了；in spite of 雖然，盡管 仍，相當(dāng)于 though she had the scar on her face。9A 邏輯推理詞義比較但小男孩仍然感到尷尬難堪，而把自己藏(hide)起來，以免被大家看見。 hide 隱藏，掩飾，強(qiáng)調(diào)不被他人看見、發(fā)現(xiàn)； protect 保護(hù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)不被他人傷害； separate分開 , 隔離，使之不聚在一起； escape逃避 , 避免，強(qiáng)調(diào)不被他人逮住而免去