虛擬語氣講解

1、整理ppt1整理ppt2虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣(subjunctive mood)是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。 陳述語氣(indicative mood) 陳述事實(shí)。 祈使語氣(imperative mood) 提出請(qǐng)求、命令等。虛擬語氣的概念整理ppt3虛擬語氣虛擬語氣一、在條件從句中 (叫虛擬條件句)，表示與事實(shí)相反的條件。分三種情況(以 do 為例)：虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中整理ppt4虛擬

2、語氣虛擬語氣例句例句If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。(與過去事實(shí)相反)2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。(與將來事實(shí)可能相反)3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的話，我會(huì)馬上走。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，事實(shí)上我不可能是你)虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中整理ppt5虛擬語氣虛擬語氣二、省略二、省略 i

3、f 的條件從句的條件從句當(dāng)從句中有 were, had 或 should 時(shí)，可省略if ，而把它們放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment 虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中整理ppt6虛擬語氣虛擬語氣三、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的條件句三、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的條件

4、句 即從句與主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同。此時(shí)，需要按時(shí)間來確定虛擬形式。如：If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，現(xiàn)在干的就會(huì)容易些。 1. If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不聽取我的建議，他就不會(huì)干得這樣好。 虛擬語氣在復(fù)合句中的應(yīng)用：虛擬語氣在復(fù)合句中的應(yīng)用：整理ppt7虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1、記?。哼@些動(dòng)詞后面接的賓語從句：表示愿望( wish), 建議(suggest, advic

5、e, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。2、除wish外，其它動(dòng)詞用should + do 構(gòu)成, should 可以省略。3、 wish接賓語從句有三種情況： 1) 現(xiàn)在：用過去式 2) 過去：用過去完成式 (had done) 3) 將來：用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(would / could) + do虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 整理ppt8虛擬語氣虛擬語氣例句1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一邊。 2.

6、I wish I were 10 years younger. 我但愿自己能年輕十歲。3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一個(gè)好職業(yè)。4. He wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他沒這樣做該多好。5. He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求學(xué)生每周都要自己洗衣服。 虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 整理ppt9虛擬語氣虛擬語氣4、記?。河涀。篿nsist / suggest 各有

7、兩種意思，要用不同的語氣各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣insist 表示表示“堅(jiān)決要求堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，用虛擬形式，即時(shí)，用虛擬形式，即 should + do;insist 表示表示“堅(jiān)稱，堅(jiān)持說堅(jiān)稱，堅(jiān)持說”時(shí)，用陳述語氣，表示事實(shí)。時(shí)，用陳述語氣，表示事實(shí)。suggest 表示表示“建議建議”時(shí)，用虛擬形式。時(shí)，用虛擬形式。suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”時(shí)，用陳述語氣。時(shí)，用陳述語氣。例句例句The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。老師建議我們

8、課后把黑板擦了。 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他堅(jiān)持要我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那兒。他堅(jiān)持要我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那兒。 He insisted that he was right. 他堅(jiān)稱他是正確的。他堅(jiān)稱他是正確的。虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 整理ppt10虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在在would (had) rather(寧愿寧愿) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中 當(dāng)從句表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r(shí)間時(shí)當(dāng)從句表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r(shí)間時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用謂語動(dòng)詞要用一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí);表示過去

9、時(shí)間時(shí)表示過去時(shí)間時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。完成時(shí)。I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 我寧愿他明天而不是今天來。我寧愿他明天而不是今天來。 I would rather she hadnt done that.(過去過去) 我寧愿她沒做過那事。我寧愿她沒做過那事。虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 整理ppt11虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用： should + 動(dòng)詞

10、原形 例句 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。1. Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在主語從句中在主語從句中整理ppt12虛擬語氣虛擬語氣主句的主語常是表示說話人愿望(wish / desire)、建議(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / deman

11、d)、命令(order, command)等的名詞，表語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用 (should) + do.Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在表語從句中在表語從句中整理ppt13虛擬語氣虛擬語氣同位語從句的先行詞常是表示說話人愿望、建議、要求、命令等的名詞。 The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. Do you know the order that you (should)

12、 keep watch.虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在同位語從句中在同位語從句中整理ppt14虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在as if 從句中，常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過去式；與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成式 (had done).一、as if 連接表語從句 she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起來似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.二、as if 連接讓步狀語從 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顧這男孩就像自己

13、的兒子一樣。He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他給我們講的好象他去過那兒。 虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在在 as if 從句中從句中整理ppt15虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1. if only 意為：若是.那該多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好 表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式; 如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài) If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.2. Its (high/about) time that that 從句要用虛擬語氣：謂語用過去時(shí)或should + do Its time that you left here.虛擬語氣中的幾個(gè)特例虛擬語氣中的幾個(gè)特例整理ppt16虛擬語氣虛擬語氣3. 一些介詞短語, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否則), in that case(如果是那樣的話), 表示含蓄的條件,這時(shí)主句要用虛擬語氣 （1）Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. 沒有你的幫忙，我們不會(huì)取得如此快的進(jìn)步。（2）But for your help, we couldnt have