公式化語(yǔ)法第六章It’s…thatwho強(qiáng)調(diào)句及it的其他用法

1、第六章：It'sthat/who強(qiáng)調(diào)句及it的其他用法強(qiáng)調(diào)句的形式比較簡(jiǎn)單，無(wú)非就是將要強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分用It'sthat/who夾起來(lái)，但是如果和其他的句式想結(jié)合就不那么簡(jiǎn)單了。這也是高考青睞強(qiáng)調(diào)句的原因所在。第一節(jié)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)It'sthat/who是英語(yǔ)中用語(yǔ)法手段對(duì)句中除謂語(yǔ)以外的某一成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)的一種方法。它的形式比較簡(jiǎn)單，只要把要強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分夾在It'sthat/who中間，其他部分照抄跟在后面。1.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)。1 metLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.ItwasUthat(who)metLiMingattherailway

2、stationyesterday.2 .強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)。ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.ItwasLiMingthatImetattherailwaystationyesterday.3 .強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.ItwasattherailwaystationthatImetLiMingyesterday.4 .強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.ItwasyesterdaythatImetLiMingattherailwayst

3、ation.5 .強(qiáng)調(diào)各種從句。Hewenttothefactoryatoncebecausehehadalotofworktodo.Itwasbecausehehada10tofworktodothathewenttothefactoryatone.(原因狀語(yǔ))6 .強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式。Ioftenkeepthewindowswideopentoletthefreshairin.ItistoletthefreshakinthatIoftenkeepthewindowswideopen.第二節(jié)：應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題用It,s-that/who結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)句子進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)應(yīng)該注意一下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：1 .這種結(jié)構(gòu)只有一般現(xiàn)

4、在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)。其他的時(shí)態(tài)很少用這種句式進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。IthasbeenfouryearsIgaveupsmoking.A.that.B.since.分析：遇到這種高考題，我們就毫不考慮的選B.since.2 .在強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與被強(qiáng)調(diào)者保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。如：ItisIwhoamateacher.3 .即使被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。換句話說(shuō)：強(qiáng)調(diào)句中不可能出現(xiàn)am,are,were。如：Itistheywhooftenhelpmewithmylessons.4 .強(qiáng)調(diào)句和it作形式主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的It's,that/who在句中只是

5、一種語(yǔ)法手段，沒(méi)有任何意義，如果去掉不會(huì)對(duì)句子的意思產(chǎn)生影響，或不會(huì)影響句子的完整性。但是，it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)如果去掉句子就不完整。因?yàn)閠hat引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省略，而且is/was在句子中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)（系動(dòng)詞）。Itisagoodideathatweeatout.分析：如果去掉itis和that,Weeatoutsaid.很明顯時(shí)個(gè)不完整的句子。5 .強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中主句和從句都是完整的句子，it指代時(shí)間，如果把其中的it,is/was和when去掉，句子將不完整；而強(qiáng)調(diào)句則完整。Itwas12:00wewenthome.A.thatB.when.分析

6、：如果去掉itwas和橫線，Wewenthome12:00。很明顯這是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的句子，缺少介詞at.真確的句子因該是：Wewenthomeat12：00.6 .強(qiáng)調(diào)句和as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。這兩種句型的區(qū)別比較簡(jiǎn)單，在定語(yǔ)從句一章有詳細(xì)講解，此處不再贅述?？傊?，區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句和其他句式最有效的方法是：去掉it,is/was,that/who或橫線后看句子是否完整。如果完整肯定是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，不然為其他句式。7 .強(qiáng)調(diào)句的反義問(wèn)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的反義問(wèn)句比較簡(jiǎn)單，只要將它看成itis/was的句子就可以了。Itisthat，isn'tit?Itisnotthat，isit?Itwasthat，wasn

7、'tit?Itwasnotthat，wasit?第三節(jié)：高考常見(jiàn)題型1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般形式。雖然這是最簡(jiǎn)單的形式，但由于其在英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中占有很重要的位置，因此在高考中常常出現(xiàn)。ItwasinNewZealand_ElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.（2008全國(guó)II20）A.thatB.howC.whichD.when分析：去掉itwas和橫線：ElizabethfirstmetMr.SmithinNewZealand.句子完整。所以A.that。2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但是換成一般疑問(wèn)句后學(xué)生往往無(wú)從下手。WasthatIsawlastnightatt

8、heconcert?（1997上海卷）A. it youC. youB.notyouD.thatyourself分析：方法還是一樣：去掉句中的it,was,that再看句子是否完整。如果完整，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。不完整在從其他的角度分析。Isawyoulastnightatthecenter.非常完整。所以A.ityou。3. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊問(wèn)句?？梢哉f(shuō)這是近年高考最受青睞的題型。它的特點(diǎn)是使用廣泛、靈活多變、但有一定的難度，對(duì)于高考這類選拔型考試特別適合。它可以以單獨(dú)的形式出現(xiàn)，也可以與其他的從句形式相配合。下面我們就來(lái)看看這種結(jié)構(gòu)。（2）單獨(dú)的特殊疑問(wèn)句。格式：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞）

9、+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？如：Whenwasitthatyouwereborn?Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.youwantmetosay?（2004上海卷）A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat分析：這是典型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句特殊疑問(wèn)句。根據(jù)句意A.Whatisitthat。（2）充當(dāng)名詞性從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句特殊問(wèn)句。由于這種句型在句子中做了名詞性從句，那么話句話說(shuō)就是陳述語(yǔ)序的特殊問(wèn)句。格式：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞）+itis/was+that/who+其它部分。Whenask

10、edtoexplainmadehislessonssoexciting,theteacherkeptsilent.A.whatitisthatB.thatwhatitisC.whatisitthatD.thatwhatisit分析：這道題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句用作賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)題意A.whatitisthat。4. Itis/wasnotAbutBthat這是帶有選擇性的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。當(dāng)然也可以出現(xiàn)其他的連詞，如ratherthan.有時(shí)也可以出現(xiàn)幾種變形形式：a. It'sAthatnotB.b. It'snotAbutBthatc. It'sAratherthanBthatd. It&

11、#39;sAthatratherthanB.Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisrightisofimportance.2007重慶卷A.whichB.itC.thatD.this分析：典型的選擇式強(qiáng)調(diào)句。所以C.that。5. notuntil的強(qiáng)調(diào)?？梢哉f(shuō)這是高考中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的強(qiáng)調(diào)句類型。這種強(qiáng)調(diào)句比較特殊，在強(qiáng)調(diào)notuntl結(jié)構(gòu)中由until短語(yǔ)(或從句)表示的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用固定的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis(was)notuntil.that.注意此時(shí)原句的notuntil要變成notuntil,that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用肯定式。如：a. Myfatherdidn'

12、;tcomehomeuntil12o'clocklastnight.b. Itwasnotuntil12o'clocklastnightthatmyfathercamehome.c. Ididntrealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.d. ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.ItwehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeksIfoundwehadalotincommon

13、.2007浙江卷A.wasuntil;whenB.wasuntil;thatC.wasntuntil;whenD.wasntuntil;that分析：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)句型，所以D.wasn'tuntil;that第四節(jié)：it的其他用法(1) it可用作人稱代詞、指示代詞、先行詞及引導(dǎo)詞等。(1)人稱代詞it，是第三人稱單數(shù)中性，代表前文已提到過(guò)的一件事物。如：a. Thatvaseisvaluable.Itsmorethan200yearsold.b. Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.當(dāng)說(shuō)話者不清楚或無(wú)必要知道說(shuō)話對(duì)象的性別時(shí)，也可用it來(lái)表示。c. Itsalovelyba

14、by.Isitaboyoragirl?it可用來(lái)指代團(tuán)體。如：d. Thecommitteehasmetandithasrejectedtheproposal.it用以代替指示代詞this,that.如：e. -Whatsthis?-Itsapen.(2) 指示代詞it，常用以指人。如：a. Goandseewhoitis.b. -Whoismakingsuchanoise?-Itmustbethechildren.(3) 虛義it無(wú)指代性，常用作沒(méi)有具體意義的主語(yǔ)，出現(xiàn)于表示天氣、氣候、溫度、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、距離等意義的句子中。如：a. Itishalfpastthreenow.b. Itiss

15、ixmilestothenearesthospitalfromhere.c. Itwasverycold;itsnowedandgrewdark.(4)it也常用來(lái)表示一般的籠統(tǒng)的情況。如：a. It'sawful-I'vegotsomuchworkIdon'tknrtwwheretosta了我有這么多工作要做我不知從何開(kāi)始。b. Howisitgoingwithyou?你近況如何？c. Takeiteasy.不要緊張。d. Ilikeithere.我喜歡這個(gè)地方。e. Itlooksasifthecollegeisverysmall.f. Itseemsasthoug

16、hourplanwillbeperfect.g. Itsmyturn.該輪到我了。(5)it也常用于某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)，各該習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)有具體意義，但it并無(wú)具體意義。如：cabit乘車(chē)catchit受責(zé)，受罰comeit盡自己分內(nèi)comeitstrong做得過(guò)分walkit步行makeit辦成takeitoutofsomebody拿某人出氣haveitinsb.某人有能力。2. it用作形式主語(yǔ)。it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，只起一種先行引導(dǎo)的作用，為了讓句子平衡，真正主語(yǔ)或真正賓語(yǔ)通常是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)、V-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或名詞性從句。a. Itisdifficulttotranslatethisarticl

17、e.b. Itisgettinghardereverydayforalazymantogetaliving.c. Whattimewoulditbemostconvenientformetocallagain?什么時(shí)候我再給你打電話最合適？d. Itisnousegoingtheresoearly.e. Ithasbeenagreathonoryourcomingtovisitme.f. Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeatall.g. Itdoesntmatterwhatyoudo.h. ItseemsthatJohnisnotcomingafterall.i. Ith

18、appenedthatJohnwastheonlywitness.3. it用作形式賓語(yǔ).It作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常和下列動(dòng)詞連用：consider,think,make,find,believe,count,declare,deem,fancy,feel,guess,imagine,judge,prove,see,show,suppose,understand,take等。它的一般結(jié)構(gòu)為：V+it+adj/n+不定式/V-ing/名詞從句。當(dāng)然有時(shí)可以插入其他的成分，如邏輯主語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)等等。a. Ifounditdifficulttoexplaintohimwhathappened.我覺(jué)得向他

19、解釋清發(fā)生了什么事很困難。b. Hethoughtitnousegoingoverthesubjectagain.他認(rèn)為再討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有用了。c. Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.他們對(duì)他的死保密。d. Wemustmakeitcleartothepublicthatsomethingshouldbedonetostoppollution.我們必須使公眾明白應(yīng)該采取措施制止污染。4. 一種特殊的it用法,(would)appreciate/hate/like/prefer/help+it+when/if從句。我們先看看下面的句子：a. Iwouldappreciat

20、eitifyoupaidincash.b. Ihateitwhenpeoplecry.c. Ilikeitwhenyoudothat.d. Iwouldpreferitifyoudidnttellanyone.e. Icouldnthelpitifthebuswaslate.說(shuō)它特殊，也不是很特殊。對(duì)于上面句子中的it有人認(rèn)為是一種特殊的形式賓語(yǔ)，既然是形式賓語(yǔ)那么真正的賓語(yǔ)在哪里？本人覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)欠妥。筆者認(rèn)為it指代句中提到的一種情況。分析：a. 如果付現(xiàn)金我非常感激。it在這里指代付現(xiàn)金后出現(xiàn)的情況。b. 我討厭人哭。it在這里指代人哭泣是的情形。c. 我就喜歡你那樣做。it指代干那件事時(shí)的

21、情形。d. 我希望你不要告訴任何人。it指代不告訴別人后的情形。e. 公共汽車(chē)晚點(diǎn)了，我也沒(méi)辦法。it指代汽車(chē)晚點(diǎn)。注意：這種結(jié)構(gòu)中有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)虛擬，至于何時(shí)虛擬，要看說(shuō)話人要表達(dá)的意思。說(shuō)具體一點(diǎn)，如果出現(xiàn)would就要用虛擬。第五節(jié)：實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練1. Itwasn'tuntilnearlyamonthlaterIreceivedthemanager'sreply.（2005/全國(guó)I/30）A.sinceB.whenC.asD.that2. ThechairmanthoughtnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.（2

22、005/全國(guó)I/35）A.thatB.itC.thisD.him3. ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,butdidn'thelp.（2005/全國(guó)III/13）A.itB.sheC.whichD.he4. Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousaymatters.（2005/天津/9）A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this5. intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccou

23、nt.（2005/上海/38）A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires6. thathemanagedtogettheinformation?Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.（2005/山東/31）A.WherewasitB.WhatwasitC.HowwasitD.Whywasit7. Ilikeintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.（2004/全國(guó)/I/27）A.thisB.thatC.itD.one8. Doyoulikehere?Oh,yes.Thea

24、ir,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.（2004/全國(guó)/II/32）A.thisB.theseC.thatD.it9. The Foreign Minister said,our hope that the two sides willwork towards peace.北京(2004/2/ 4)A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis10. Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.youwantmetosay?(2004/上海/43)A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.Howis

25、itthatD.Howitisthat11. Itwaswithgreatjoyhereceivedthenewsthathislostdaughterhadbeenfound.(2004/福建/35)A.becauseB.whichC.sinceD.that12. Itwasbackhomeaftertheexperiment.(2004/湖北/24)A. notuntilmidnightdidhegoB. untilmidnightthathedidn'tgoC. notuntilmidnightthathewentD. untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tg

26、o13. TheParkersboughtanewhousebutwillneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.(NMET/2001/25)A.theyB.itC.oneD.which14. Infactisahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.(NMET/Shanghai/2001/33)A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it15. ItwasforthisreasonherunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.

27、(NMET/Shanghai/2001/spr/32)A.whichB.whyC.thatD.how16. Hewasnearlydrownedonce.Whenwas?wasin1998whenhewasinmiddleschool.(NMET/Beijing-Neimeng-Anhui/2002/spr/30)A.that;ItB.this;ThisC.this;ItD.that;This17. Itwasbecauseofbadweatherthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.(NMET/Shanghai/2003/spr./30)A.soB.sothatC.wh

28、yD.that18. Itisthesepoisonousproductscancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.(NMET/Shanghai/2003/36)A.whoB.thatC.howD.what19. Itwasonlywiththehelpofthelocalguide.(NMET/Shanghai/2004/spr./37)A. wasthemountainclimberrescuedB. thatthemountainclimberwasrescuedC. whenthemountainclimber

29、wasrescuedD. thenthemountainclimberwasrescued20. Thereisaphotoonthewall.thephotoofLeiFeng.(1980/三/8)A.ItB.ItsC.It'sD.Heis.21. Doesmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?(MET/1991/14)A.thisB.thatC.heD.it22. Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butdidn'thelp.(MET/1993/27)A.heB.wh

30、ichC.sheD.it23. Ispossibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?(MET/1988/28)A.nowB.manC.thatD.it24. IsnecessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?(MET/1989/29)A.thisB.thatC.itD.he25. Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.(MET/1992/35)A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for26. Idon'tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagew

31、ithoutmuchmemorywork.(MET/1990/21)A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it27. isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET/1995/37)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It28. ItwasnotshetookoffherdarkglassesIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.(MET/1992/30)A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;than29. Itwasatthegateh

32、etoldmethenews.(1980/三/20)A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when30. Itwasnotuntil1920regularradiobroadcastsbegan.(NMET/1995/33)A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since31. WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarhedied?(MET/1988/32)A.thatB.whileC.inwhileD.then32. ItwasinthebookstoreImetyourbrothertheotherday.(NMET/上海/1990/32)A.whereB.tha

33、tC.inwhichD.inthat33. WasthatIsawlastnightattheconcert?(NMET/上海/1995/13)A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyourself34. Itwasabout600yearsagotheclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.(NMET/1997/25)A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when35. Wasn'titDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?.(NMET/上海/1996/28)A.Ididn'tknowhewasB.Yes,i

34、twasC.No,hewasn'tD.Yes,hedid36. Ihatewhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET/1998/8)A.itB.thatC.theseD.them37. ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlyIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.（NMET/1998/22）A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so38. wasin1979IgraduatedfromtheUniversity.（NMET/上海/1998/4）A.That.thatB.It.thatC.Tha

35、t.whenD.It.when39. Don'tthatallthosewhogetgoodgradesintheentranceexaminationwillprovetobemoresuccessful.（NMET/上海/1998/23）A.takeasgrantedB.takethisforgrantedC.takethatforgrantedD.takeitforgranted40. Itwashesaiddisappointedme.（NMET/上海/1999/5）A.what.thatB.that.thatC.what.whatD.that.what41. Itwasnot

36、untilshegothomeJenniferrealizedshehadlostherkeys.（2006/全國(guó)II/9）A.whenB.thatC.whereD.before42. Itwasafterhegotwhathehaddesiredherealizeditwasnotsoimportant.（2006/遼寧/35）A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as43. Ijustwonderthatmakeshimsoexcited.（2006/山東/32）A.whyitdoesB.whathedoesC.howitisD.whatitis44. isourbeliefthati

37、mprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.（2006/浙江/4）A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.It45. AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemadeherdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople'saffairsinthattown.（2006/湖南/26）A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it46. IfIcanhelp,Idon'tlikeworkinglateintothenight.（2006/全國(guó)I/26）A.soB.tha

38、tC.itD.them47. Catherineboughtapostcardoftheplaceshewasvisiting,addressed_toandthenposteditatthenearbypostoffice.（2006/安徽/34）A.it;herB.it;herselfC.herself;herD.herself;herself48. I'dappreciateifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.（2006/山東/24）A.thatB.itC.thisD.you49. ItwasalongtheMississippi

39、RiverMarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.（2008天津卷）A.howB.whichC.thatD.where50. Itwasnotuntilmidnight_theyreachedthecampsite.（2008重慶卷）A.thatB.whenC.whileD.as答案與分析：1. notuntil強(qiáng)調(diào)句，所以D.that2. it作形式賓語(yǔ)，所以B.it。3. it指代上文takeaholiday,所以A.it。4. 帶有選擇性的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，所以A.that。5. it作形式主語(yǔ)，所以C.Itisrequired。6. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊問(wèn)句，根據(jù)句意C.Howwasit。7. Ilike/apprec