1狀語從句狀語從句用來修飾主句中的動詞

1、狀語從句狀語從句用來修飾主句中的動詞，副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據其含義狀語從句可分為時間狀語從句，地點狀語從句，條件狀語從句， 原因狀語從句，結果狀語從句，比較狀語從句，目的狀語從句，讓步狀語從句。 1. 時間狀語從句 (1)時間狀語從句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等連詞來引導。例如：It was raining hard（rain hard 下大雨） when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the t

2、elephone rang. As he walked along（沿著走） the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. 難點as when while的辨析as when while都表示主、從句動作同時發(fā)生，三者差異如下：表示“一邊。一邊的意思as 強調兩個動作同時進行，并表示對比時 ，用于發(fā)生時間較段時when： 1、還可以表示從句動詞的動作

3、在主幾句動詞的動作之前 或之后發(fā)生。2、whenand then; at that moment (正在那個時候)while 、1、用于時間較長時2、 強調兩個動作同時進行，并表示對比時有時這三個連詞可以互換，有時不可以。It was raining hard when (as) I got there.我到那里時，正在下大雨。( 動作同時發(fā)生，when可換為as, 但不能換為while，因為get是點動詞.)When I had read the article, he called me.我看完這篇文章之后，她給我打了電話。( 從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前，注意時態(tài)表達，只能用when )Whe

4、n I got to the cinema, the film had begun.(當)我到了電影院時，電影已經開演了。(從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意時態(tài))He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.他正要離開，忽然電話響了。( 此時不能放在句首。主句動詞一般表達 “正在” “即將”.while, as不能代替 考點)She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.他以為我在談她女兒

5、，然而，實際上在談論我女兒。(表轉折，對比，when, as都不能代替它) 考點(2)在時間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時態(tài)，用一般現在時表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如： Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3)在帶有till或until引導的時間狀語從句的主從復合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到時”，謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。如果主句

6、用否定式，其含義是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。例如：The young man read till the light went out（熄滅）. Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off（從下來） until the bus stops. 【Till是指直到某一特定事件發(fā)生的時候，而在那個時刻之后，該事情或狀況仍將持續(xù)。 Until是指直到某一特定事件發(fā)生的時候，而講話的人在自己心里認為，在那個時刻之后，該事情或該狀況將中止（不怎么可能持續(xù)）。固定組合里fro

7、m morning till night，till/until是不能替換的，】 2. 條件狀語從句 (1)條件狀語從句通常由if, unless引導。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to. (2)在條件狀語從句里，謂語動詞通常用現在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如： Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He wont be late unless he is ill. (3)“祈使句 + and

8、 (or)+ 陳述句” 在意思上相當于一個帶有條件狀語從句的復合句。例如： Hurry up, or youll be late. =If you dont hurry up, youll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 3. 原因狀語從句 (1)原因狀語從句通常由because, since, as引導。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill. As it is raining, we sh

9、all not（不得；不應該）go the zoo. Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else(2)because表示直接原因，語氣最強。Because引導的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后?；卮鹩蓋hy提出的問題，只能用because。As和since語氣較弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導的原因狀語從居多放在句首。例如： -Why arent going there? -Because I dont want to. As he has no car, he cant get there easily. Si

10、nce we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一個句子里。4. 結果狀語從句 (1)結果狀語從句由sothat, suchthat, so that引導。例如： He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it. (2)sothat語such.that可以互換。例如

11、： 在由so.that引導的結果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結構是: “.so + 形容詞（副詞）+ that + 從句”。例如： He was so glad that he couldnt say a word. The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever（幾乎不，從來不） see her. 在由suchthat引導的結果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，它修飾的可以是單數或復數可數名詞，也可以是不可數名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可不帶

12、。如果是單數可數名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.（天花板）He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有時上述兩種結構是可以互換的。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it agai

13、n. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it. =The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it. (3)如果名詞前由many, much, little, few等詞修飾時，只能用so, 不用such。例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild

14、roses. He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema（去看電影） with you.5. 比較狀語從句 比較狀語從句通常由asas, 比較級 + than等連詞引導。例如：Tom runs faster than John does. This classroom is as big as that one.6. 目的狀語從句 (1)目的狀語從句通常由 so that, in order that（為了，以便）引導。例如： We started early so that we could catch the first trai

15、nHe studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time. (2)so that既可引導目的狀語從句，又可引導結果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個：1)目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might等。2)從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如： Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的狀語從句) Jack is badly

16、 ill so that he has to rest. (結果狀語從句) 7. 讓步狀語從句 (1)讓步狀語從句通常由although, though等連詞引導。例如：Though he is young, he knows a lot. Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2)although(though)不能用在同一個句子中。例如： 我們不能說：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. 應該說：Though it was raining hard, he still went

17、out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out. 8. 地點狀語從句 地點狀語從句常常由where來引導。例如： Go where you like. Where there is a will, there is a way. 總結：狀語從句分類及常用連詞： 類別 連 詞 時間狀語從句 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once（一旦） 地點狀語從句 where, wherever 原因狀語從句 because, since, as, for, now that（既然，

18、由于）etc. （et cetera，等于and so on）目的狀語從句 n order that(為了，以便), so that, that, etc. 結果狀語從句 sothat, so that, suchthat, that, etc. 條件狀語從句 if, unless, as(so)long as, etc. 讓步狀語從句 though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as, etc. 比較狀語從句 asas, soas, than, etc. 方式狀語從句 as, as if, as though, etc

19、. 賓語從句賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據引導賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。1. 由that引導的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：He said （that） he wanted to stay at home.She doesn't know （that）she is seriously ill.I am sure （that） he will succeed.2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where,

20、why, how引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。例如：Do you know who（whom）they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don't know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引導的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if（whether）he lives there. He a

21、sked me whether（if）I could help him.【賓語從句歌訣】賓語從句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展風采。展風采有三關，引導詞、語序、時態(tài)在把關。主從時態(tài)要一致，陳述語序永不變。陳述請你選that，疑問需用if/whether連。特殊問句作賓從，原來問詞不用換。三關過后莫得意，人稱、標點需注意。留意變臉的if/when，從句的簡化記心間?！靖柙E解碼】一、三姊妹賓語從句根據引導詞的不同可分為三種類型：1. 由that引導的賓語從句。如 We knew（that）we should learn from each other.2. 由if/whe

22、ther引導的賓語從句。如 Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.3. 由who，where，how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office? 二、三關1. 引導詞關如果從句是陳述句，引導詞用that（that在口語或非正式文體中常省略）；如果從句是一般疑問句，引導詞用if/whether；如果從句是特殊疑問句，引導詞用由疑問詞轉換而來的疑問代詞/副詞。2. 語序關陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序不變，即仍用陳述語序。如： H

23、e is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。如： Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave? I dont know. I dont know when he left.3. 時態(tài)關如果主句是現在的時態(tài)，從句的時態(tài)可根據實際情況而定。如： I have heard（that）he will come ba

24、ck next week.如果主句是過去的某種時態(tài)，那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用過去的某種時態(tài)。如： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.注意：如果賓語從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現象等時，不管主句是什么時態(tài)，從句都要用一般現在時。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound. 三、人稱的變化和標點的使用1. 從句的主語如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語從句則與主句的主語一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如：“May I use your knife?” He ask

25、ed me. He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number?” He asked me.He asked me if I know her telephone number.2. 賓語從句的標點均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號；主句是疑問句，用問號。如：Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know? Where does he live? Do you know where

26、 he lives? 四、兩副面孔if和when既能引導時間狀語從句，又能引導賓語從句。因此，遇到它們就要認真分析一下，它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow, I wont come.（時間狀語從句）I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （賓語從句） 五、從句的簡化1. 當主句謂語動詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為“賓語賓補”結構，賓補為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet was lying on the ground.She

27、 found the wallet lying on the ground.2. 當主句謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時，從句可簡化為不定式結構。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在連接代詞/副詞引導的賓語從句中，當從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞不定式”結構。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the s

28、tation? Can you tell me how to get to the station?【中考范例】1. Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived （北京市中考試題）【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。賓語從句應用陳述句的語序和時態(tài)，所以應選D。2. Would you please tell me _? （上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題） A. when did he come h

29、ome B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。主句用的實際上是現在時，賓語從句在這個句子里應用陳述句的語序和一般過去時。3. I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave （哈爾濱市中考試題） 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是賓語

30、從句的語序和時態(tài)。只有B在語序和時態(tài)上符合要求。4. -We dont know _. -It is said that he was born in Sweden. （常州市中考試題） A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from【解析】答案: C。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序。按照他們談論的話題可知：他們說的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的語序不對，只有C正確。狀語從句專練練習一 一. 單項填空 1. _ hes old, he can still carry t

31、his heavy bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So 2. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us? -I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be3. In the zoo if a child _ into the water and cant swim, the dolphins may come up _ hi

32、m. A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping 4. I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who5. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming 6. The police asked the

33、 children _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. dont; when C. not to; until D. not; after 7. I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because 8. Ill go swimming with you if I _ free tomorrow. A. will be B.

34、shall be C. am D. was 9. In the exam, the _ you are, _ the _ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less10. You should finish your lessons _ you go out to play. A. before B. after C. when D. while 11. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late f

35、or class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless 12. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. A. which B. that C. where D. though 13. The teacher raised his voice _ all the students could hear him. A. for B. so that C. because D. in order 14. He took off his coat _ h

36、e felt hot. A. because B. as C. if D. since 15. It is _ that wed like to go out for a walk. A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day16. Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very 17. _ I felt very tired, I tried t

37、o finish the work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if 18. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As 19. _ well you can drive, you must drive carefully. A. So long as B. In order that C. No matter how D. The moment 20. Write to me as soon as you _ to Beijing. A. wil

38、l get B. get C. getting D. got 二. 根據中文意思完成下列英語句子 1. 不管他跟我開什么玩笑，我都不生氣。 I am not angry with him, _ _ _ jokes he _ on me. 2. 布魯斯太太對學生非常親切，以至于學生把她當做母親。 Mrs. Bruce was _ kind to her students _ they _ her _ their mother.3. 只要我們竭盡全力，父母就會滿意我們的表現。 Our parents will be pleased with our performance _ _ _ we try

39、 our best. 4. 你一到上海就給我打個電話好嗎？Will you please call me _ _ _ you get to Shanghai. 5. 這個七歲的女孩酷愛鋼琴，以至于他已經堅持練習兩年了。 The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano _ _ _ she has kept practicing for two years. 6. 雖然她很忙，他還堅持自學英語。 _ _ _ _, she kept on learning English by herself. 7. 他長大后相當一名記者。 He wants to b

40、e a journalist _ _ _ _. 8. 無論刮風下雨，我們的老師總是第一個到校。 _ _ windy or rainy, our teacher is always the first to get to school. 9. 如果人人為保護環(huán)境做出貢獻，世界將會變得更美好。 _ _ _ _ _ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. 10. 李明昨天沒來上學，因為他病了。 Li Ming didnt come to school _ _ _ _. 練習二 1 The me

41、eting didn't start_ everyone was there. A. because B. until C. why D. if 2 The boy _ to bed _ his mother came in. A. went not; until B. didn't go; after C. went; until D. didn't go; until 3 I won't believe you_ I have seen it with my own eyes. A. before B. until C. after D. when 4 He

42、 _ home _ she was satisfied _ his answer yesterday. A. didn't go; until; with B. wasn't go; after; to C. doesn't go; before; with D. didn't go; until; to 5 He _ back until the work _ done. A. isn't; will be B. isn't; is C. won't be; will be D. won't be; is 6 They didn

43、't start the work _ their teacher came back. A. until B. while C. as soon as D. if 7. Tom will call me as soon as he _ Shanghai. A. arrives B. will reach C. arrives in D. get to 8. I'm sure he'll come to see me before he _ Beijing. A. will leave B. is leaving C. leave D. leaves 9. I will

44、 tell him the news as soon as he_ back. A. come B. comes C. will come D. came 10. Tom has got a watch. He _ it for two years. It _by his father. A. has bought; was bought B. has got; is bought C. was bought; has bought D. has had; was bought "' 11. When he got to the station, the train _. A

45、. left B. had left C. leaves D. has left 12. The boy told his father what he _ in the street. A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. see 13.We _ TV when the telephone _. A. watched; was ringing B. were watching; rang C. watch; rings D. are watching; rang 14.By the end of last term, I_ ten books. A. had

46、finished reading B. have finish reading C. had finish to read D. finish read 15. I _ you for a long time. Where _ you _? A. didn't see; did; go B. didn't see; have; goneC. haven't seen; have; been D. haven't seen; have; gone 16. Tom_ China for 3 years. A. has been B. has been in C. h

47、as been to D. has been at 17. I won't go to see the film tonight, because I _ my ticket. A. lost B. have lost C. will lose D. didn't lose 18.-Hello! May I speak to Bob? -Sorry, but he _ for a month. A. had been away B. was left C. left D. has been away 19. I _ him since I began to live in th

48、e city. A. know B. have known C. knew D. will know 20.Zhao Lan _ already _ in this school for two years. A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying 21.Betty didn't go to see the film yesterday _ she was ill. A. because B. but C. until D. if 22 May I sit nearer _ I can see m

49、ore clearly? A. as if B. so that C. even if D. so 23 _ you work hard, you will certainly succeed. A. Though B. If C. Because D. For 24 _ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English. A. While B. When C. Since D. After 25 I'd like to go swimming _ the wate

50、r is not too cold. A. for B. unless C. if D. whether 26 There are _ many league members in class 2 _ in Class 4. A. both; and B. 'so; that C. either; or D. as; as 27. -Do you have a big library? -No, we don't. At least, not _ yours. A. as big as B. as big than C. as bigger than D. bigger as 28. Suzhou is not _ beautiful _ Hangzhou. A. as; than B. so; as C. even; than D. /; than 29. Iron is more useful _ any other metal. A. as B. than C. then D. so 30. I want to know _ she is going to see a film. A. if B. that C. what D. which 31. You are sure to pass the exam _ you study har