2016年新牛津深圳版英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第2單元知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(共9頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上新牛津深圳版英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第2單元知識(shí)要點(diǎn)一、單詞：1. number 數(shù)字( member成員 ) 2. instructions 指示；命令( strict 嚴(yán)格的 )3. check 檢查；核實(shí)( chick ) 4. challenge 向某人挑戰(zhàn)( change; all )5. accident (交通)事故 6. promise 許諾；承諾( promise to do )7. chess 國際象棋 8. chessboard 國際象棋棋盤( chess; board )9. double 加倍；雙的(trouble) 10. wise 有智慧的(=cl

2、ever/ smart/ bright)11. son 兒子( daughter女兒 ) 12. instead 代替；頂替( instead of )13. amount 數(shù)量；數(shù)額(= number) 14. realize 認(rèn)識(shí)到;意識(shí)到(=be aware of/understand)15. prize 獎(jiǎng)賞；獎(jiǎng)品(= award ) 16. correctly 正確地( correct adj.; right )17. gram 克( kilogram 千克 ) 18. grain 谷粒( rain；brain；train )19. copy 抄寫；謄寫；復(fù)制 20. traffic

3、 交通；車輛(= vehicles ) 21. India 印度( Indian adj. ) 22. gold 金子；黃金( golden adj.; hold )23. rest 休息(= rest)；剩余部分(= something left; best; nest巢；窩；test; west )二、詞組:1. copy/write.down 抄寫；謄寫 2. take place = happen 發(fā)生3. and so on 等等 4. at first= first of all 首先；起初5. challengeto 向(某人)挑戰(zhàn) 6. finally=at last=in t

4、he end 最后；最終7. make/ get money 賺錢；掙錢 8. ask sb. for help 向某人尋求幫助9. talk to/ with sb 與某人談話 10. look at = have/take a look at 看看11. from now on 從今往后 12. from then on = since then 從那以后13. traffic accident 交通事故 14. all year around=all the year 整年；全年15. lead to= cause 導(dǎo)致；通向 16. notany more/longer=no long

5、er/more 不再17. a number of 大量的；許多的 18. a long time ago=long long ago 很早以前19. the number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) 的數(shù)量 （謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)：因?yàn)橹髡Z是 number）The number of our school students is about 3000. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)大約是三千。三、句型結(jié)構(gòu)：1. order sb to do sth. 命令某人做某事 2. begin to do sth. 開始做某事3. promise sb. to do sth. 承諾某人做某事 4. promise t

6、o do sth. 承諾做某事5. help sb. do sth. 幫助某人做某事 6. help sb. with sth. 在某方面幫助某人7. used to do sth. 過去經(jīng)常做某事 8. sb. be used to doing sth.某人習(xí)慣做某事9. use sth. to do sth. = use sth. for doing sth. = do sth. with sth. 用某物做某事10. would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事四、語法： Cardinal and

7、 ordinal numbers 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞 數(shù)字分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示人或事物數(shù)量多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞，如：one, two, three, nine, ten；表示人或事物的順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞，如：first, second, third, ninth. 常用基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞對(duì)照表如下所示：數(shù)字基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞數(shù)字基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞數(shù)字基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞1onefirst11eleveneleventh2twosecond12twelvetwelfth20twentytwentieth3threethird13thirteenthirteenth30thirtythirtieth4fourfourth1

8、4fourteenfourteenth40fortyfortieth5fivefifth15fifteenfifteenth50fiftyfiftieth6sixsixth16sixteensixteenth60sixtysixtieth7sevenseventh17seventeenseventeenth70seventyseventieth8eighteighth18eighteeneighteenth80eightyeightieth9nineninth19nineteennineteenth90ninetyninetieth10tententh20twentytwentieth100h

9、undredhundredth千thousandthousandth百萬millionmillionth十億billionbillionth 基數(shù)詞（大于1） + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) 序數(shù)詞 + 名詞單數(shù) 須牢記的基數(shù)詞：1 至 13、20、40、百、千、百萬、十億 須記住的基數(shù)詞：first; second; third; fifth; twelfth; ninth; 整十?dāng)?shù)如fortiethI. 基數(shù)詞：(1).表示幾十幾時(shí),在十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)之間添加連字符“-” 45 forty-five 92 ninety-two(2).表示幾百時(shí),在百位數(shù)與十位數(shù)或個(gè)位數(shù)間加上and. 如:320 three

10、hundred and twenty 101 a hundred and one(3) .千位數(shù)以上的,從數(shù)字的有端向左段數(shù)起,每位數(shù)加一個(gè)逗號(hào)“，”。從右開始，第一個(gè)“，”前的數(shù)字后添加thousand,第二個(gè)“，”前面的數(shù)字后添加million，第三個(gè)“，”前的數(shù)字后添加billion.如： 2，648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand and sixty-four(4) .基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時(shí)，不能使用百，千，百萬,十億的附

11、屬形式，如：two hundreds,eight thousands都是錯(cuò)誤的：但是當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不明確數(shù)字，如成百，成千上萬時(shí)，基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。如：hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, billions of.There are hundreds of people in the hall.大廳里有數(shù)以百計(jì)的人。II、序數(shù)詞：(1).從第一至第十九，其中，onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth, nineninth,twelvetwelfth為特殊形式，其他的序數(shù)詞都是由其相對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)

12、成。例如：sixsixth, nineteennineteenth(2) .從第二十幾至第九十幾時(shí)，整數(shù)第幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“-”和個(gè)位序數(shù)詞形式一起 表示。例：31 Thirty-first 第三十一； 59 fifty-ninth 第五十九 43 forty-third 第四十三（3）、第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞。只須把個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。 121 One-hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一 2,320 two thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第二千三百二十（4）、第三類( 整十 ) twentieth(20th

13、)第二十 thirtieth(30th)第三十 fortieth(40th)第四十 fiftieth(50th) 第五十 sixtieth(60th) 第六十 seventieth(70th)第七十 eightieth(80th)第八十 ninetieth(90th)第九十 這一類全是十位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞，共八個(gè)。它們的構(gòu)成方法是：先將相應(yīng)的十位整數(shù)的基數(shù)詞詞 尾ty中的y改成i，然后在加上后綴eth。 注：three thirteen thirty third five fifteen fifty fifth four fourteen forty(5) 序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式 first1st se

14、cond2nd third3rd fourth4th sixth6th twentieth20th twenty-third23rd其中 1st,2nd 3rd為特殊形式，其他的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th.注意：序數(shù)詞在使用時(shí)，通常前面要加定冠詞the；但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時(shí)，則表示“再”，“又”Well go over it a second time.我們將再復(fù)習(xí)一遍。另外，基數(shù)詞也可以表示順序。只需將基數(shù)詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后即可，不需要添加定冠詞，但首字母要大寫。如：the first lessonLesson One, the fifth pagePage Five1

15、. 分?jǐn)?shù)表示法: 分子（基數(shù)詞） + 分母（序數(shù)詞） 分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來表示的?；鶖?shù)詞作分子，序數(shù)詞作分母，除了分子時(shí)“1”以 外，其他情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1/3 one third或 a third 3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 4/5 four fifths 3 1/4 three and one fourth或three and one quarter2. 時(shí)刻表示法:a) 表示幾點(diǎn)鐘用基數(shù)詞加oclock, oclock也可以省略5：00讀作five oclock或fiveb) 表示幾點(diǎn)過幾分（分鐘數(shù)不超過半小時(shí)，包括半小時(shí)ha

16、lf）,用 “ 分 + past + 時(shí) ” 7：05 five past seven 七點(diǎn)過五分 6：30 half past six 六點(diǎn)半 8：15 a quarter past eight八點(diǎn)一刻c) 表示分鐘數(shù)超過半小時(shí)的幾點(diǎn)差幾分，用“分（60原分鐘數(shù)）+ to + 時(shí)（點(diǎn)鐘數(shù)+1）”7：50 ten to eight( 10 to 8 ) 差十分八點(diǎn) = 七點(diǎn)五十分 11：45 a quarter to twelve 或 fifteen to twelve 差一刻十二點(diǎn)=十一點(diǎn)四十五分d) 在日常生活中，常用下列簡單方法表示時(shí)間，以小時(shí)、分鐘為單位分別讀出數(shù)字。6：31讀作six

17、 thirty-one 10：26 讀作ten twenty-six 16:15讀作 sixteen fifteen3. 小數(shù)表示法 1 小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞來表示，以小數(shù)點(diǎn)為界，小數(shù)點(diǎn)左邊的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位，表示整數(shù)，數(shù)字合起來讀；小數(shù)點(diǎn)右邊的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位，表示小數(shù)，數(shù)字分開來讀：小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point,0讀作zero或o,整數(shù)部分為零時(shí)，可以省略。0.4 zero point four或point four 零點(diǎn)四 10.23 ten point two three 十點(diǎn)二三2 當(dāng)數(shù)字值大于1時(shí)，小數(shù)后的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)，數(shù)字值小于1時(shí)，小數(shù)后面的名詞用單數(shù) 1.03 metres 一點(diǎn)零三米 0.49

18、ton 零點(diǎn)四九噸 1.5 tons 一點(diǎn)五噸 4. 百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法：分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)詞 + per cent表示50% fifty per cent 百分之五十 0.12% zero point one two per cent 百分之零點(diǎn)五四、寫作指導(dǎo)： 1、寫作目標(biāo)：人們的物質(zhì)生活水平越來越高，孩子們手里的零用錢也越來越多。孩子們對(duì)零用錢的花費(fèi)方式也不盡相同。假設(shè)你們學(xué)校上周就中學(xué)生如何使用他們的零用錢做了一個(gè)調(diào)查。調(diào)查結(jié)果如下表所示，請(qǐng)結(jié)合下表內(nèi)容寫一篇不少于80詞的英語短文，介紹一下調(diào)查結(jié)果。調(diào)查對(duì)象重陽中學(xué)(Chongyang Middle School)人數(shù)280人消費(fèi)方式1、買書（30

19、%， 84人）2、買衣服、零食、飲料（40%， 112人）3、上藝術(shù)課（音樂課、舞蹈課等）（20%， 56人）4、為朋友買禮物（10%， 28人）2、寫作指導(dǎo)：1）、首先，明確寫作主題。本書面表達(dá)為表格提示類作文，應(yīng)該以重點(diǎn)介紹調(diào)查結(jié)果的具體信息為主要內(nèi)容；2）、其次，參照表格的具體信息，逐條將內(nèi)容表達(dá)清楚、完整；3）、全文應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。3、常用詞匯或句型：survey(調(diào)查) pocket money(零用錢) result(結(jié)果) art lesson(藝術(shù)劉邦) spendon useto do4、作文范文：Im a student of Chongyang Middle Scho

20、ol. Last week, our school did a survey on how the students spend their pocket money. Here are the results. Among the two hundred and eighty students, eighty-four students spend their pocket money on books; one hundred and twelve students like using pocket money to buy clothes, snacks and drinks; fif

21、ty-six students use it to pay for art lessons, such as music lessons, dancing lessons and so on; twenty-eight students use the money to buy some gifts for their friends.中考英語考點(diǎn)：數(shù)詞一、寫出下列各基數(shù)詞的序數(shù)詞形式：*1、one *2、two *3、three 4、four *5、five *6、nine *7、eight *8、twelve *9、thirty 10、forty 11、fifty 12、ninety 13

22、、twenty-one 14、thirty-two 15、fifty-three 16、forty-five 17、sixty-nine 18、209 二、用英語表示分?jǐn)?shù)1、1/3 _ 2、1/4 3、3/4 _ 4、5/8 _5、7/12 _ 6、2/5 _ 7、5/9 8. 9/14_寫出下列各時(shí)刻（用兩種方式）：1. 6:15 2. 7:30 3. 8:40 4. 9:25 5. 10:50 6. 11:48 四、選擇填空：( )1. Are you in _ ？A. Grade One, Class One B. the Class One, Grade OneC. Class One

23、, Grade One D. the Grade One, Class One( )2. _foreigners came to Shenzhen to work in the 1990s.A. Thousands of B. Thousandths of C. Thousand of D. Thousandth of( )3. Henry sits in _.A. the Row Five B. Row five C. Row Five D. the Five Row( )4. Dick, it is _ time in _ days that youve made the same mis

24、take. A. two, three B. second, three C. two, third D. second, third( )5. Today is_.A. August the first, nineteen ninety-nine B. August the first, nineteen ninty-nineC. the first of May, ninteen ninety-ninth D. the first of May, nineteen ninty-nine( )6. Darren has been in this school for_.A. one and

25、a half year B. one and a half yearsC. one year and half D. half and one year( )7. She has _.A. an 8-year-old boy B. a 8-year-old boy C. an 8-years-old boy D. a 8 years old boy ( )8. Over_ people are living in Shanghai.A. 16 million B. 16 millions C. 16 millions of D. 16 million of( )9. A: How many y

26、ears ago did dinosaurs exist on Earth?B: About sixty_ years ago.A. million of B. millions of C. million D. millions( )10. September is _ month of the year. A. the ninth B. a ninth C. ninth D. the nineth( )11. of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet. A. Two-third B. Second-third C. Two-thi

27、rds D. Second-thirds( )12. Where are they going to have the meeting? In . A. 204 Room B. Room 204 C. the room 204 D. the Room 204( )13. What is the time? Its (4:25). A. four twenty-five B. four past twenty-five C. twenty-five to four D. four twenty five( )14. Please give us . A. two glasses of water

28、s B. two glass of water C. two glasses water D. two glasses of water( )15. Light is faster than an ordinary plane. A. two million time B. millions of time C. three millions times D. millions of times( )16. There are seasons in a year. The season is spring. A. four, one B. fourth, first C. fourth, on

29、e D. four, first( )17. She has a baby. A. ten-months-old B. ten months-old C. ten-months-olds D. ten-month-old( )18. It took them to finish the work last year. A. two and a half months B. two month and a half C. a half and two months D. two months and half( )19. Whats the date today? Its . A. July f

30、ive B. July the five C. July fifty D. July the fifth( )20. There are in the room. A. four box of oranges B. four boxes of orange C. four box oranges D. four boxes of oranges( )21. There are _ days in a year. A. three hundred and sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty five C. three hundred sixty-five

31、D. three hundreds and sixty- five( )22. A: Can I help you? B: Id like _for my twin daughters. A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes( )23. Jack is now in _. A. the three grade B. Grade Third C. Grade Three D. grade three( )24. Bill said they would have _

32、holiday. A. a two-month B. two months C. two-months D. two months( )25. Tim is _ boy. He can say a few words. A. an one-year-old B. a one-year-old C. an one-year old D. a one-year old( )26. I spent _ in doing my homework yesterday. A. a half and two hour B. two and a half hour C. two hour and a half

33、 D. two and a half hours( )27. Nanjing is a city with many places of interest._ tourists come here every year. A. Thousand of B. Thousand C. Thousands D. Thousands of ( )28. A: How many people are there in Changsha? B: About six _. A. million B. millions C. millions of D. million of( )29. A: How man

34、y people will come to Beijing for the Olympic Games in 2008? B: Its hard to say. _ people, I think. A. Million of B. Millions of C. Two millions of D. Two million of( )30. I have made _ dumplings. Now Im making the _ one. A. twenty; twentieth-first B. twenty; twenty-first C. twentieth; twenty-first D. twenty; twenty-one ( )31. Time is not enough for so much work. _ people are needed, I think. A. Other two B. Only two C. Two more D. Two others( )32. This is a big class, and _ of the students are girls. A. two third B. second three C. two