上海牛津英語9AUnit1知識點(diǎn)和語法點(diǎn)配練習(xí)

1、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)句型的運(yùn)用教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動詞、代詞教學(xué)過程：1、詞匯（快速過）2、語法（詳解）3、家庭作業(yè)9A Chapter 1 The night of the horse一、詞匯詞匯提高篇Stonehenge n. 史前巨石柱Egypt n. 埃及send in 上交，呈遞tale n. 傳說the Trojans 特洛伊人Troy 特洛伊城beyond prep. 在遠(yuǎn)處stair n. 樓梯capture v. 捕獲，占領(lǐng)darkness n. 黑暗drag v. 拖，拉Greek a. 希臘的 n. 希臘人include v.包括plain n. 平原Pyramid n. 金字塔ro

2、ughly ad. 粗暴地securely ad. 安全的seize v. 抓住unable a.沒有能力的arrow n. 箭，箭頭bow n. 弓fictional a.虛構(gòu)的legend n. 傳說， 傳奇politician n. 政客sportsman n. 男運(yùn)動員sportswoman n. 女運(yùn)動員junk a. 陳舊，無用或不值錢的東西mend v.修補(bǔ) 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換基礎(chǔ)1.部分單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式army-armies; enemy-enemies; century-centuries2. 幾組反義詞disappear-appear;（消失-出現(xiàn)）enemy-friend;（敵人-朋

3、友）dark-bright; (黑暗的- 明亮的)empty-full； （空的-滿的）stupid-clever/bright/wise/intelligent/smart（愚蠢的-聰明的）3. history n. 歷史 historical a. 歷史的4. wooden a. 木頭的 wood n. 木頭5. city n. 城市 citizen n. 市民6. frightened a. 受驚嚇的 （修飾人） frightening a. 恐怖的（修飾物） frighten v. 使害怕7 .help n./v. 幫助 helpful a. 有幫助的8. succeed v. 使成功

4、 success n. 成功9. enter v. 進(jìn)入 entrance n. 入口 10. difficult a. 困難的 difficulty n. 困難提高1. dark a. 黑暗的 darkness n. 黑暗2. Greek a.& n. 希臘的， 希臘人 Greece n. 希臘3. able-unable （有能力的-沒有能力的）enable v. 使能4. celebrate v. 慶祝 celebration n.e.g. celebrate Christmas/celebrate ones birthday/celebrate a success5. secu

5、rely ad.安全地 secure a.安全的6. including prep.包括 include v. 包括7. giant a. = very large 巨大的 op. tiny 微小的8. secret n. 秘密 secretly ad. 秘密地9. succeed v.成功 success n.成功 successful a. 成功的 successfully a. 成功地10. rough a. 不平的；粗糙的；崎嶇的 roughly ad. 11. Troy n.特洛伊城 Trojan n./a.特洛伊人（的）12. Europe n. 歐洲 European a.&am

6、p; n. 歐洲的（人） a European13.fiction n . 虛構(gòu)的事 fictional a.虛構(gòu)的14. politics n. 政治 politician n. 政客15. sport n. 運(yùn)動sportsman男運(yùn)動員 sportswoman 詞組基礎(chǔ)1. two at a time 一次兩個(gè)2. make jokes about sb. 拿開玩笑 =make fun of 3. no longer 不再 =notany longere.g. I am no longer a child.= I am not a child any longer.4. seconds

7、later =after a while =moments later 過了一會兒5. look down at 向下看著6. take sth with sb. 隨身帶去某物7. obey orders 遵守命令8. make sure that+從句 確信 (make sure= be sure)9. go to sleep = fall asleep 入睡10. succeed in doing sth =be successful in doing sth. =manage to do sth 成功地干某事11. by a trick用詭計(jì) by midnight到了午夜12. sai

8、l away 駕船駛走13. the Indian Ocean 印度洋14. enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a wonderful time 過得愉快15. get rid of 擺脫16. play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人提高1. in the darkness= in the dark 在黑暗中2. send in 上交，呈遞3. except for 除了4. be securely locked 被安全地鎖上5. pullinto把放進(jìn)中 draginto把拉進(jìn)中6. drag sb. away 擄走二、重要內(nèi)容講解 1. A

9、newspaper ran a short story competition on famous tales from history.報(bào)紙舉辦一個(gè)依據(jù)著名歷史故事創(chuàng)作短篇小說的比賽。（1）run作及物動詞，意為“管理、經(jīng)營、指揮”。eg. My father ran a camera store last year. 我父親去年管理照相器材商店。Who runs the business? 誰管事？He is running the shop while the owner is away. 店主不在他經(jīng)營商店。run作為動詞，可作“跑，駕駛，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，延伸，流失，上演”等之意。eg. I&#

10、39;m tired because I've just run home from school.我累了，因?yàn)槲覄倧膶W(xué)校跑回家。The machines run day and night. 機(jī)器日夜不停地轉(zhuǎn)動。The good news ran through our village. 這個(gè)好消息在我們村里傳開了。（2）on作介詞，意為“關(guān)于”。eg. We are going to listen to a lecture on Africa history this afternoon.今天下午我們將聽一個(gè)關(guān)于非洲歷史的演講。辨析：on, aboutabout指泛泛地或非正式地談

11、論某事，on指比較系統(tǒng)、深入地論述某事。試比較：It is a book on birds. 那是一本論及鳥類的書。(可能是一本學(xué)術(shù)著作)It is a book about birds. 那是一本關(guān)于鳥的書。(可能是一本供小孩看的關(guān)于鳥類的故事書) 2. This is a story one of the students sent in. 這是其中一個(gè)學(xué)生寄來的參賽故事。（1）本句是一個(gè)含有定語從句的復(fù)合句。one of the students sent in作定語，修飾story，其中，省去了作賓語的關(guān)系代詞。（2）send in表示“將某物寄去某處（參加比賽或進(jìn)行處理），或派遣到某

12、地”。eg. I have made up my mind to send in my resignation. 我決心提交我的辭職申請書。 We decided it was time to send in British troops. 我們認(rèn)定是該派遣英國軍隊(duì)去那里的時(shí)候了。與send有關(guān)的短語：send away 開除，解雇 send for 派人去請send up 發(fā)射，把往上送 set off 出發(fā)，動身，啟程set one's mind to do sth. 一心想做 4. But the captain of the guards was no longer liste

13、ning. 但首領(lǐng)并沒有再聽下去。（1）no longer固定短語，意為“不再”，相當(dāng)于notany longer，表示某種狀態(tài)在某個(gè)時(shí)間之后不再繼續(xù)下去，本身帶有否定含義，常用在系動詞之后，實(shí)義動詞之前。eg. I'm no longer a student. 我不再是個(gè)學(xué)生了。I'm not a student any longer.He no longer lives here. 他不在這兒居住了。He doesn't live here any longer.辨析：no longer; not . any longer; no more; not . any m

14、oreno longer相當(dāng)于not any longer，指“時(shí)間上不再延續(xù)”，常與狀態(tài)動詞或延續(xù)性動詞連用。eg. Annie does not live here any longer. 安妮不住在這兒了。 He is no longer a child. 他不再是一個(gè)小孩子了。 no more相當(dāng)于not any more，指“數(shù)量上或程度上不再增加”，常與瞬間動詞連用。 eg. I have no more money to give you. 我沒有更多的錢給你。The baby watched and listened, and she didn't cry any mo

15、re. 那個(gè)嬰兒看著、聽著，不再哭了。 5. He looked down at the empty plain and, beyond it, at the empty sea.他俯視著空曠的平原，再遠(yuǎn)處是空寂的大海。（1）look作不及物動詞，意為“看”，look down向下看，其后接賓語加介詞at，at后接看的對象，反義詞組為look up at向上看eg. He looked down at the valley on the top of the hill. 他從山頂俯視峽谷。He looked up at the blue sky and saw a plane flying o

16、ver the city.他向天空望去，看見一架飛機(jī)從城市上空飛過。look down upon表示“瞧不起，歧視”的意思。eg. We shouldn't look down upon the poor. 我們不應(yīng)該看不起窮人。（2）beyond在此句中作介詞用，介詞beyond一般有四種用法： 在位置上表“在以外”、“在的那邊”之意。eg. Our steel works is a mile beyond the town. 我們的鋼廠在離城一英里外。Their paper mill is beyond the river. 他們的造紙廠是在河的對岸。 在時(shí)刻上表示“過了”、“比晚

17、”之意。eg. Now it is beyond six o'clock. 現(xiàn)在過六點(diǎn)了。Today he checked the circuit beyond the usual time. 今天他比平時(shí)晚些才檢查好線路。 在范圍上表示“超過”、“出乎之外”之意。eg. beyond all comparison無可比擬；beyond all hope沒有希望；beyond belief難以置信；beyond comprehension不能理解；beyond dispute無可爭論；beyond control不受約束，不受控制；beyond doubt無疑；beyond expre

18、ssion難以喻言；beyond expectation出乎意料，不料The book is quite beyond me.（表語）這本書非我所能理解。We found Beijing changed beyond recognition.（狀語）我們發(fā)現(xiàn)北京變了，使人認(rèn)不得了。By radar people can see the things beyond the visibility of them.（定語）利用雷達(dá)人們能看見視線以外的東西。作“除外”解。eg. Beyond this he knows nothing. 除此以外，他一無所知。I know nothing about

19、the matter beyond what I have read in the magazines.（what從句作beyond的賓語。）關(guān)于這件事，除了我在雜志上所看到的以外，我毫無所知。The desk is _ _ wood. Paper is _ _ wood. Wood can be _ _ paper.This kind of car is _ _ Shanghai. 6. The Greeks have tried for ten years to capture our city. 希臘人用了十年去試圖占領(lǐng)我們的城市。（1）The Greeks 希臘人定冠詞通常用在表示姓氏

20、的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或表示民族名稱的名詞前，表示全家或整個(gè)民族。eg. The Turners are sitting at breakfast table. 特納一家正在吃早飯。The English have a wonderful sense of humour. 英國人富有幽默感。（2）to capture our city相當(dāng)于to make our city their prisoner，意為“占領(lǐng)我們的城市”。capture作動詞，意為“奪取，占領(lǐng)”，后邊可加人/地點(diǎn)/動物/事物。eg. They captured Tom and threw him in prison. 他們抓住了湯姆，

21、并把他送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。It took them 24 hours to capture the city. 攻下這座城市花費(fèi)了他們24個(gè)小時(shí)。Our task was to capture a number of these monkeys alive. 我們的任務(wù)是活捉許多猴子。 Overseas firms captured almost 41 of the market. 海外公司掌握了將近41的市場。 7. You don't have to think. 你不必考慮。don't have to相當(dāng)于needn't，意為“沒有必要”。eg. Since you are

22、 ill you don't have to attend the meeting.既然你病了，就不必參加這個(gè)會議。Mrs. Li doesn't have to wash the dishes this evening, because her daughter has washed them.今晚李夫人不必再洗盤子，因?yàn)樗畠阂呀?jīng)洗好了。don't have to/needn't可以作為must開頭的疑問句的否定答語。eg. Must we clean the classroom now? 我們必須現(xiàn)在打掃教室嗎？Yes, you must. 是的，必須現(xiàn)在

23、打掃。No, you needn't/ don't have to. 不必現(xiàn)在打掃。例題： Since you are ill, you _ attend the meeting.A. havent to B. dont need C. neednt to D. dont have to Mrs. Li _wash the dishes this evening. Her daughter has washed them for her.A. doesnt need B. doesnt need to C. neednt to D. has not to 8. Outside

24、the main gate of the city stood a huge horse made of wood.一匹巨大的木馬矗立城外。（1）這是一個(gè)倒裝句，相當(dāng)于A huge horse made of wood stood outside the main gate of the city.地點(diǎn)狀語后面如有表示位置的動詞 (如lie, live, sit, stand) 或轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞 (如come, go, rise)，用作主語的名詞可以放在動詞之后。這種情形主要出現(xiàn)在描寫文中。eg. At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教

25、堂矗立在山頂上。In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 罌粟地里躺著奄奄一息的士兵們。主語如是代詞則不能倒裝。eg. At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 它背襯青天矗立在山頂上。（2）a huge horse made of wood表示“木制的巨大馬匹”，made of wood是過去分詞短語作定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句，a huge horse made of wood.a horse which was made of wood.eg. some desks made

26、 of wood 木制的課桌；a knife made of iron 鐵制的小刀 辨析：be made of，be made from，be made in，be made by，be made forbe made of和be made from都表示“由制成”，主語為制成品，但前者表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么，保留原材料的質(zhì)和形狀，制作過程僅發(fā)生物理變化；后者表示制成的東西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作過程中發(fā)生化學(xué)變化，在成品中已無法辨認(rèn)。eg. The kite is made of paper風(fēng)箏是用紙做的。Bread is made from corn. 面

27、包是小麥做的。 Butter is made from milk黃油是從牛奶中提煉出來的。be made in表示某物在某地生產(chǎn)或制造，in后接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞；be made by表示“由（誰）制造”，by后接動作的執(zhí)行者；be made for表示“為而制造”。eg. This TV set is made in Shanghai這臺電視是上海制造的。The machine is made by the workers in the factory這機(jī)器是由工廠里的工人們制造的。 These desks were made for the students這些書桌是為學(xué)生們做的。 9. It

28、's so big that they couldn't take it with them. 木馬太大了，他們拉不走。（1）“so形容詞或副詞that”結(jié)構(gòu)用于引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，表示“如此以至于”。eg. The doctor was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep.那個(gè)醫(yī)生如此興奮以至于無法入睡。The cinema is so far that we'll have to take a bus there.電影院太遠(yuǎn)了，我們不得不乘公共汽車去那兒。（2）sothat與suchthat的區(qū)別在sothat句型中

29、，so是副詞，其后跟形容詞或副詞；而suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)中，such是形容詞，后面接名詞或名詞短語。兩句型意思一樣，結(jié)構(gòu)不同，但引導(dǎo)的都是結(jié)果狀語從句。即 eg. The dog runs so fast that I can't catch it.那只狗跑得那么快，我抓不住它。It was such a cold day that people had to stay at home. 天那么冷，人們不得不待在家。It was such cold weather that some people caught a cold. 天那么冷，有些人感冒了。It was so fine th

30、at we all went swimming.It was _ _ fine day _ we all went swimming. 10. And so the Trojans dragged it into the city with ropes.然后特洛伊人用繩子把馬拽進(jìn)了城市。drag作動詞，意為“拖，拉”，后邊可以加sth./sb.eg. She dragged a chair across the room to join them.她拖把椅子穿過房間和他們坐在一起。The Greeks seized the captain and dragged him away.希臘人抓住了

31、上尉并拖走了他。辨析：drag, draw與pulldrag“拖，拉”，指慢慢地拖著笨重的東西，意味著所拖的東西阻力很大。eg. The horse was dragging a heavy load. 馬拖著很重的東西。He dragged the body out of the river. 他從河中把死尸拉出來。draw “拖，拉”，與pull相比，它通常指較平穩(wěn)地，也往往是比較從容地拉。eg. Draw your chair up to the table. 把你的椅子拉到桌子旁邊來。He drew the book towards him. 他把書拉/拖到他面前。pull是個(gè)普通用語

32、，意思是“用力拉”，指物體朝發(fā)出力的方向移動，不強(qiáng)調(diào)移動的方式。eg. He pulled the door open. 他拉開了門。Pull the door open. Don't push it. 把門拉開,別推。 11. They sang and danced around the horse, and make jokes about their enemies, the stupid Greeks. 他們圍著馬唱歌，跳舞，開他們的敵人的玩笑愚蠢的希臘人。make jokes about固定詞組，意為“以為笑柄，取笑”。eg. They made jokes about m

33、y old hat. 他們?nèi)⌒ξ业呐f帽子。類似的詞組有：play a joke on sb. 開某人的玩笑eg. Let's play a joke on Tom and close the door so that he can't get in.讓我們給湯姆開個(gè)玩笑，關(guān)上門不讓他進(jìn)來。have a joke 開玩笑eg. She was having a joke with Tom.她正和湯姆開玩笑。 12. They all went to sleep, including the gate guards.他們?nèi)既ニX了，包括門衛(wèi)。including作介詞，意為“包括”

34、。eg. There were six people in the car, including a baby. 車?yán)镉辛鶄€(gè)人，包括一個(gè)小孩兒。The new apartment consists of three rooms including the kitchen. 這套公寓有三個(gè)房間，包括廚房。辨析：include, includinginclude及物動詞，意思是“包括；算在內(nèi)”，后可接名詞或動詞-ing形式作賓語。eg. Your duty includes putting the children to bed. 你的任務(wù)包括安排孩子們睡覺。Please include me i

35、n your group. 請把我算在你們組內(nèi)。including 介詞，意思是“包括”，后接名詞或代詞。eg. There're twenty people in all, including us. 包括我們在內(nèi)，一共有二十個(gè)人。Eight people including two kids, were injured in the explosion.八個(gè)人，包括兩名兒童，在爆炸中受傷。There were six people in the car, including a baby.There were six people in the car, a baby _. 13.

36、 By midnight, the square was empty except for the giant horse.午夜，廣場上空蕩蕩的，除了那匹巨大的馬。except for固定詞組，意為“除之外”。eg. The room is empty except for a broken chair. 除了一把椅子，房間是空的。Your composition was very good except for several mistakes.除了幾個(gè)小毛病，你的文章不錯(cuò)。辨析：except, except for兩者都有“除之外”的意思，但except指的是從同類的人或事物中排除其中一部

37、分。eg. He gets up early every day except Sunday. 除星期天外，他每天早起。except for指除去的同所提到的不是同類事物，它所除去的部分是對前面總的情況作一些反面細(xì)節(jié)補(bǔ)充或說明，從而部分地修正句中所敘述的主要意思。eg. Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes. 除了幾處語法錯(cuò)誤外，你的作文寫得很好。 14. In one night, they succeed in capturing it by a trick. 一夜之間，他們通過一個(gè)計(jì)謀成功地占領(lǐng)了它。（1）succe

38、ed作動詞，意為“成功”。succeed in doing sth.相當(dāng)于be successful in doing sth. 意為“做取得成功”。eg. We succeeded in passing all the exams. 我們成功地通過了所有的考試。（2）by在此作介詞，意為“靠，通過”，表示方式。eg. Edison made a living by selling newspaper when he was young.愛迪生小時(shí)候靠賣報(bào)紙謀生。by還有如下用法：by指“用某種方法”或“用某種手段”。eg. Please tell your father by telepho

39、ne.請用電話告訴你父親。We often go home by bus.我們常常乘公共汽車回家。These coats were made by hand.這些外套是手工做的。注意：by hand表示抽象含義，意思為“用手工做”。by表示“在旁邊”，常?？梢缘扔赽y the side of.eg.The children are playing by(by the side of)the river. 孩子們正在河邊玩耍。There is an old big tree by the village. 村邊有一棵古老的大樹。by用于被動語態(tài)中，引出動作的完成者，意思為“被；由”。eg.The

40、 delicious food was eaten up by a cat. 那些可口的食物被一只貓吃光了。The door was closed by Li Ming. 門是被黎明關(guān)上的。表示時(shí)間，意為“在以前，不遲于，到時(shí)（為止）”，等于before.eg.Will you finish your homework by 8 p.m.? 8點(diǎn)前你能做完作業(yè)嗎？By this time tomorrow we shall arrive in Beijing. 明天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我們該到北京了。by表示“經(jīng)過”，可以指時(shí)間，也可以指空間，通常跟動詞go, come等連用。eg. With time

41、 going by, the weather gets warmer.=As time goes by, the weather gets warmer.隨著時(shí)間的推移，天氣變得更加暖和了。My father went by our school without coming to see me.我父親從我們學(xué)校經(jīng)過，沒有來看我。 by表示“按”，如時(shí)間，長度，重量等。eg. We sell cloth by the yard. 我們論碼賣布。They rent a house by the year. 他們按年租屋。 by表示“依據(jù)，根據(jù)”。eg. By my watch, it is 8

42、o'clock now.我的表是八點(diǎn)。by表示“乘”。eg. This is a room 5m by 4m. 這是一個(gè)長5米寬4米的房間。 by表示“由于”。eg. He took the umbrella by mistake.他錯(cuò)拿了這把傘。 15. The Greeks seized the captain.seize seizing seized seizedJohn seized her arm and dragged her into the kitchen.The police seized him by the collar.說出下列短語的意思：seize the a

43、irportseize control ofseize powerseize an opportunity 16.by 與 with 在解釋“靠，用，通過”的不同用處。by：表示方法，手段。如：For ten years. They could not capture the city by fighting.十年了，他們不能通過戰(zhàn)爭占領(lǐng)著座城市。Everyone should learn English by use. 每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該通過應(yīng)用來學(xué)會英語。with:表示對工具的使用。Trojans dragged it into the city with ropes. 特洛伊人用繩子把它拉進(jìn)了

44、城。What will you buy with the money？用這些錢你能買什么？練習(xí)（基礎(chǔ)篇）1. That _ house burned quickly.(wood)2. All the _ in Shanghai must help to fight pollution.(city)3. At the age of thirty he won great _ in business.(succeed)4. Dont be afraid of _. They should be afraid.(enemy)5. He is a _ man. He often gives me mu

45、ch _.(help)6. There are many places of _interests in Shanghai.(history)7. Please wait for me at the _. (enter)8. I am not afraid of any _, because I am brave enough.(difficult)9. The _ film made me very _.(frighten)10. The soldier came down the stairs two at a time. _ _ the soldier _ down the stairs

46、?11. The captain of the soldiers was not listening any longer.= The captain of the soldier was _ _ listening.12. The enemies captured the city by fighting. _ _ the enemies capture the city?13. The astronauts succeeded in returning from the moon to the earth.=The astronauts _ _ _ returning from the m

47、oon to the earth.= The astronauts _ _ _ from the moon to the earth.14. He was very excited. He couldnt say a word.=He was _ excited that he _ say a word.=He was _ excited _ _ a word.15. The question is very easy. We can answer it easily.= The question is _ _ _ _ _ answer easily. = The question is _

48、easy _ we can answer it easily.16. take , bring, carry(1) I forgot to _ my physics book to class. Im afraid Ill have to go back to the dormitory and get it.(2) Could you help me to _ this bag? its too heavy.(3) Im going to take Flight 123 to the United States. Do you know how much luggage I can _ wi

49、th me?17. other, others, the other, the others, another(1) Xu Hu is always ready to help _.(2) He has a cake in one hand and a knife in _.(3) There are many people in the park. Some are playing cards and _ are walking.(4) Only one is red; _ are blue.(5) Im still hungry. Could you please give me _ cake?( ) 1