四級英語寫作高分技巧培訓

1、四級英語寫作高分技巧培訓Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?(CET4 2005.12) 1名校校園正成為旅游新熱點 2校園是否應對游客開放，人們看法不同 3我認為 It is true that many university campuses, especially those of the prestigious ones, have recently become the new tourist attractions. Pros and cons have been put forward concerning this

2、new phenomenon. Some people are quite in favor of the campus opening to tourists while others are opposed to it. The opening of campus will stimulate the tourist industry, but the easier access to campus will lead to some accidents or safety problems which will interfere in students life. In my opin

3、ion, campuses can be open to tourists once a week, say, on Saturday or Sunday. This suggestion, I believe, is quite feasible because it could kill two birds with one stone. For one thing, campuses could attract many tourists on weekends, thus boosting the tourism. For another, restricted opening of

4、campus will beneficially narrow the gap between campuses and the outside world. Furthermore, this will also attract more public attention and build a great reputation for the university. 二. 歷年真題回顧,趨勢預測1. 1998.6 命題 Do lucky Numbers Really Bring Good Luck? 1.有些人認為某些數(shù)字會帶來好運 2. 也有些人認為數(shù)字和運氣無關(guān) 3. 試說明你的看法2

5、. 1999.1 命題 Dont Hesitate to Say “No” 1. 請求幫助時，在什么情況下我們會說“不” 2. 為什么有些人在該說“不”的時候不說“不” 3. 該說“不”時不說“不”的壞處3. 1999.6 命題 Reading Selectively or Extensively? 1.有人認為讀書要有選擇 2.有人認為應當博覽群書 3. 我的看法4. 2000.1 命題 How I Finance My College Education 1. 大學的費用（tuition and fees）可以通過多種途徑解決 2. 哪種途徑適合我（說明理由）5. 2000.6 命題 Is

6、 a test of Spoken English Necessary? 1. 很多人認為有必要舉行英語口語考試，理由是 2. 也有人持不同的意見， 3. 我的看法和打算二. 歷年真題回顧,趨勢預測6. 2001.1 命題 How to Succeed in a Job Interview 1. 面試在求職過程中的作用 2. 取得面試成功的因素：儀表，舉止談吐，能力，專業(yè)知識，自信，實事求是7. 2001.6 書信 A Letter to a Schoolmate 1. 表示歡迎 2. 提出對度假安排的建議 3. 提醒應注意的事項8. 2002.1 書信 A Letter to the Uni

7、versity President about the Canteen Service on Campus 假如你是李明，請你就本校食堂的狀況給校長寫一封信，內(nèi)容應涉及食堂的飯菜質(zhì) 量，價格，環(huán)境，服務等，可以是表揚，可以是批評建議，也可以兼而有之。9. 2002.6 圖表 Student Use of Computers 1. 圖示為1990年，1995年，2002年某大學生使用計算機的情況，請描述其變化； 2. 請說明發(fā)生這些變化的原因（可從計算機的用途，價格或社會發(fā)展等方面加以說 明）； 3. 你認為目前大學生在計算機使用中有什么困難或問題。10. 2003.1 命題 It Pays t

8、o Be Honest 1. 當前社會上存在許多不誠實的現(xiàn)象 2. 誠實利人利己，做人應該誠實二. 歷年真題回顧,趨勢預測11. 2003.6 命題 An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident 假如你在某日某地目擊一起車禍，就此寫一份見證書。見證書必須包括以下幾點： 1. 車禍發(fā)生的時間地點 2. 你所見到的車禍情況 3. 你對車禍原因的分析12. 2003.9 命題 The Day My Classmate Fell Ill/ Got Injured 1. 簡單敘述一下這位同學生病，受傷的情況 2. 同學老師和我是如何幫助他的 3. 人與人之間的

9、這種關(guān)愛給我的感受是13. 2004.1 書信 A Letter in Reply to a Friend 1. 建議報考的專業(yè)及理由 2. 報考該專業(yè)的基本條件 3. 應當如何備考14. 2004.6 應用文 A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction 要點：1. 歡迎詞；2. 一天的行程安排；3. 對旅客即將訪問的地點進行描述；4. 你應該讓這個介紹很吸引人，并且讓每個人都清楚了解你的行程安排。15. 2005.1 應用文 A Campaign Speech 1. 你認為自己具備什么條件（能力，性格，愛好）可以勝任學生會主席工作 2. 如果你當

10、選你將為本校同學做什么二二. 歷年真題回顧歷年真題回顧,趨勢預測趨勢預測16. 2005.6 命題 In Honor of Teachers on the Occasion of Teachers Day 1. 向老師致以節(jié)日的祝賀 2. 從一件難忘的事回憶老師的教誨和無私的奉獻 3. 我如何回報老師的關(guān)愛17. 2005.12 命題 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? 1. 名校校園正成為旅游新熱點 2. 校園是否應對游客開放，人們看法不同 3. 我認為18. 2006.6 應用文 Volunteers Needed 1. 校學

11、生會將組織一次暑假志愿活動，現(xiàn)招聘志愿者 2. 本次志愿者活動的目的，內(nèi)容，安排等 3. 報名條件及聯(lián)系方式19. 2006.6 （新） 命題 On Students Selection Lectures 1. 有些大學允許學生自由選擇某些課程的任課教師 2. 學生選擇教師時所考慮的主要因素 3. 學生自由選任課教師的益處和可能產(chǎn)生的問題20. 2006.12 命題 Spring Festival Gala on CCTV 1. 許多人喜歡在除夕觀看春節(jié)聯(lián)歡會 2. 有些人卻提出取消春節(jié)聯(lián)歡會 3. 在我看來二. 歷年真題回顧,趨勢預測21. 2007.6 應用文 Welcome to Our

12、 Club 1. 本社團的主要活動內(nèi)容 2. 參加本社團的好處 3. 如何加入本社團22. 2007.12 命題 What Electives to Choose 1. 各大學開設(shè)了各種各樣的選修課 2. 學生因各種原因選擇了不同的選修課 3. 以你自己為例23. 2008.6 命題 Recreational Activities 1. 娛樂活動多種多樣 2. 娛樂活動可以使人們受益，也可以帶來危害 3. 作為大學生，我認為24. 2008.12 命題 Limiting the use of Disposable Plastic Bags 1. 一次性塑料袋被廣泛使用 2. 由此帶來的問題 3

13、. 限制使用一次性塑料袋的意義25. 2009.06 命題 Free Admissions to Museums 1. 越來越多的博物館對公眾免費開放 2. 有人認為是會造成不利影響 3. 我的看法是26. 2009.12 命題 Create a green campus 1.建設(shè)綠色校園十分重要 2.綠色校園不僅指綠色環(huán)境 3.為了建設(shè)綠色校園我們應該未來考試命題趨勢的預測未來考試命題趨勢的預測:由此可見，歷史上四級考試共出現(xiàn)過三種題型的命題：命題作文，書信作文和圖表作文，而其中絕大多數(shù)都是命題作文，書信和圖表在近幾年才出現(xiàn)。四級作文就題目本身來說，都與考生的生活息息相關(guān)，是考生比較容易發(fā)揮

14、的題目。作文的目的主要在于考查學生的寫作能力，而并不是把學生對題目的理解力放在考查的第一位。猜題押寶的做法是不可行的。無論在平時的學習還是考試中，都要注意培養(yǎng)自己分析問題，解決問題的，判斷事物的抽象思維能力，要對所有作文的體裁都有所了解和練習，不能有任何偏廢。更重要的是要不斷通過讀，背，仿，寫，改的過程來強化語感，提高語言的質(zhì)量。四級作文命題有如下特征：1. 與實事有一定的關(guān)聯(lián)，但不緊跟實事。2. 命題對所有考生而言是公平的，盡量避免對特定專業(yè)，地域等類別學生的偏向性3. 命題不會過偏，即保證任何考生都有話可說。三三. 得分技巧得分技巧1. 詞語的運用2. 句子寫作3. 段落寫作1. 詞語的運

15、用 三個原則三個原則：用詞準確；用詞得當；同義詞的 使用 名詞的單復數(shù) 動詞的搭配 形容詞的恰當運用 介詞及介詞短語的運用技巧 a fact beyond dispute “無可爭辯的事實” 中國學生常把外語學習問題統(tǒng)統(tǒng)歸罪于詞匯量不大， 而解決問題的通常方法就是以應試為目的的詞匯背誦，但毫無疑問這是最死板而效率地下的方法，而且缺乏實際溝通力；在語境中學習詞匯才是最好最有效的途徑。查閱字典有技巧，每遇見生詞就查字典不是好方法，經(jīng)常“遭遇”它，借助語境理解它的意義，印象更深，記得更牢。在一個段落里，同一個詞的使用不要過于頻繁， 要考慮選擇用同義詞或近義詞替代，這樣可以避免單調(diào)和重復。譬如”goo

16、d”是學生們喜歡用的一個詞，在口語中用的比較多， 但如在英語寫作中用得過多， 就會顯得詞匯貧乏，單調(diào)無味。 We had a very good evening on Friday. After a meal at a very good Italian restaurant we went to a good film. I liked it because the actors were all so good and the plot was a good one as well. Afterwards we were in such a good mood that decided t

17、o visit some good friends of ours and tell them all about our evening. They were very good about our calling round so late and I was glad that I was able to do them a good turn by mending their clock while we were there. We had a very enjoyable evening on Friday. After a meal at a romantic Italian r

18、estaurant we went to a very powerful film. I liked it because the actors were so sensitive and the plot was an original one as well. Afterwards we felt so exhilarated that we decided to visit some close friends of ours and tell them all about our evening. They were very understanding about our calli

19、ng around so late and I was glad that I was able to do them a favor by mending their clock while we were there. I had a very nice childhood. I went to a very nice school in Scotland where the teachers were all nice to the children and the lessons were always nice. It was in a very nice part of the c

20、ountry and it seems to me now that the weather was always nice. I thought it was especially nice in winter when it was nice to play in the snow. Our school uniform was very nice and school dinners were always nice. I wonder if it was really as nice as I think now or if I am just becoming old? I had

21、a very happy childhood. I went to a very pleasant school in Scotland where the teachers were all kind to the children and the lessons were always interesting. It was in a very beautiful part of the country and it seems to me now that the weather was always fine. I thought it was especially enjoyable

22、 in winter when it was exciting to play in the snow. Our school uniform was very attractive and school dinners were always delicious. I wonder if it was really as wonderful as I think now or if I am just becoming old?2. 句子寫作 A. 句子的分類 B. 基本句型的擴展 C. 句子的多樣性 D. 句子的連貫一致 E. 標點符號A. 句子的分類句子的分類a.英語句子按其語法結(jié)構(gòu)語法

23、結(jié)構(gòu)可分為簡單句、并列句和復合句三種類型。 簡單句是構(gòu)成各類句子的基礎(chǔ)；兩個或兩個以上的意義相關(guān)的簡單句可以聯(lián)結(jié)成并列句；簡單句的每個句子成分可以擴展成從句而構(gòu)成復合句。簡單句簡單句 只包含一個主語和謂語的句子稱為簡單句。但有時一個句子可包含兩個或兩個以上并列的主語或謂語，還仍為簡單句。有些句子包含定語、狀語、同位語、獨立成分、插入語等多種附加成分，但只要是單一主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，它們?nèi)匀皇呛唵尉洹?- She fell from the horse and broke her leg.并列句并列句 并列句包含兩個或兩個以上的相互獨立的分句，分句之間由并列連詞或分號連接來表示分句之間的并列、選擇或轉(zhuǎn)折等

24、邏輯關(guān)系。這種句子主要用來表達各自具有同等重要性的一些思想。 - I like singing, but she likes dancing. - This is the best book I have ever read; it kept me up all night.復合句復合句 由一個主句和至少一個從句構(gòu)成的句子稱為復合句。在復合句中，主句是整個句子的主體部分，從句只是整個句子的一個成分，不能獨立存在，在句法關(guān)系上從屬于主句。從句須用關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導，來表明與主句的關(guān)系。 - That is exactly what I want to say. - There was only one

25、school in the small town where I was born.從句作表語從句作定語 b. 英語句子按交際功能交際功能分為四種，即陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。陳述句陳述句 Declarative Sentence陳述句 用來陳述觀點、事實或說話人的看法。- I havent finished my homework.- Browsing on the Internet is my favorite pastime.疑問句 Interrogative Sentence 用來提問的句子稱為疑問句。一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，附加疑問句。 -Do you know t

26、he way to go to the train station? - How many students are there in your class? - Is your favorite winter outdoor activity skiing or skating? - She has found her bike, hasnt she?祈使句 Imperative Sentence 用來表達命令、請求或建議的句子稱為祈使句。 - Dont be late again.感嘆句 Exclamatory sentence 用來抒發(fā)強烈感情的句子稱為感嘆句。 -How beautif

27、ul the scenery is! - What a great idea!c. 英語基本句型英語基本句型 英語句型的變化取決于其中的謂語動詞。謂語動詞有不及物動詞、連系動詞和及物動詞三種，就此產(chǎn)生千差萬別的各種句型，但基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu)只有五種。a) SV（主語+謂語動詞） - They will come. - The boy cried.b) SVP (主語+謂語+表語) - Mary is a student. - It tastes sweet.c) SVO （主語+謂語+賓語） - She bought a skirt. - We have finished the job.d) S

28、VoO (主語+謂語+間賓+直賓) - The boy gives Mary the ball. - I teach the students English. - Father told me a story.e) SVOC (主語+謂語+賓語+賓補) - They elected him the president. - We painted the wall green. - He asked the boy to paint wall. - We heard her singing. 這種句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞是復合及物動詞，其后跟復合賓語，即“賓語+補語”。 只有掌握了基本句型，便能對各種

29、看上去變化復雜的簡單句加以剖析，并在寫作中正確地運用它們。- Those fancy, expensive dresses cost too much money and require a beautiful figure.- Many young people, particularly the Youth league members, would give the sick and the aged a helping hand in case of emergency.First draft: Hong Kong is a very large city.Second draft:

30、Hong Kong is an overcrowded and commercialized city. Final draft: Hong Kong is an overcrowded and commercialized city with a population of over seven million.B. 基本句型的擴展基本句型的擴展a. 帶有狀語成分的語句b. 定語及定語從句c. 主語和主語從句d. 表語從句e. 賓語從句a. 帶有狀語成分的語句 在句子中加介詞短語，狀語從句等進行修飾，不僅可使句式靈活多樣，而且表達意義也更為深刻和具體。 - Suzhou is a beaut

31、iful city. It attracts a lot of visitors each day from both the domestic and foreign countries. - Suzhou is a beautiful city, attracting thousands of visitors each day from both the domestic and foreign countries.常見的用介詞所引導的狀語引導時間、過程等狀語的介詞和短語in/on/at/between/till/until/fromtoat the time of/at the mom

32、ent of/the momentas soon as/in the course of/at the point ofat the sight of/at the thought of/on the brink of （“處于邊緣”）on the verge of/on the occasion of/at the beginning ofat the end of/in the middle of/at the closing point ofon the edge of/on the threshold of接近于，瀕臨于在的開頭,在快要開始的時候,在的前夕 引導地點、程度、空間、范圍等

33、狀語的介詞和短語in/at/by/near/behind/above/overunder/beyond/through/besides/except/except forto the extent of/in front of/at the back of/at the rear ofin the front of/in the middle of/in the midst ofwithin the scope of/beyond the scope of/apart fromat the foot of/on the tip of/on the top of/in addition toto

34、 face up to/in the face of/in place of/by the side ofto the point of/to the degree of引導目的、前提、結(jié)果、條件、原因、讓步等狀語的介詞和短語if/only if/given/in order to/in case ofwith a view to/by virtue of/because of/owing todue to/so as to/by reason of/by means ofin accordance with/on account of/in consideration ofin the ev

35、ent of/in view of/subject to/as a result ofunder the influence of/under the guidance ofunder the pressure of/in pursuit of/for the sake ofin search of/according to/on the basis of/in line within the light of/in spite of/even though/althoughthough/despite/to the satisfaction of/to the taste of著眼于, 以.

36、為目的, 考慮到 依靠, 由于 由于考慮到，由于按照, 根據(jù), 當作 引導比較、指涉、對象、指謂等狀語的介詞和短語for/to/as to/as for/as far as/be concernedwith reference to/in regard to/in respect to/in honor ofin relation to/in connection with/in contrast toin comparison with/in the matter of/in opposition toin terms of/on the subject of/in response to向

37、.表示敬意, 為祝賀. 關(guān)于, 論及 引導方式、方法、手段等狀語的介詞和短語by means of/by way of/via/by dint ofinstead of/with the help of/with the aid of/by force ofin the wake of/in the habit of/in the manner of/in the form ofon behalf of/in the name of/at the request ofon the recommendation of/on the chance of /through the help ofth

38、rough the channel of/in exchange of/in place ofon demand of.He succeeded by dint of hard work. 借助 由于, 迫于, 通過, 以.手段 尾隨, 緊跟, 仿效 有.的習慣, 常常 We went to the cinema on the chance of seeing Paul there. 期望引導補充、關(guān)聯(lián)、銜接等狀語的介詞和短語（常用插入式）so to speak/to be honest/to be direct/to be franklike it or not/believe it or

39、not/if not best/come to think of itas it were/in the final analysis/by fair means of foulas luck would have it/come what may/in general/in particularby the way/hopefully/incidentally不論發(fā)生什么事情 He made a great fortune by fair means or foul. 他不擇手段地發(fā)了一筆大財。 As luck would have it, I just caught the train i

40、n time. 我正好趕上車，真是幸運。 I must go now. Incidentally, if you want that book Ill bring it next time. 我現(xiàn)在該走了。順便提一句,如果你要那本書,我下次帶來。狀語從句的引導詞although/since/when/while/just asbefore/after/whatever/but as/ifb. 定語及定語從句定語及定語從句如果說狀語對語意的表達具有“輻射”作用的話，那么，定語的作用則是“聚焦”-是詞語性質(zhì)及意義范疇更具體、更清晰。形容詞，名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，不定式，介詞短語都可用作定語。英

41、語的定語從句分為兩種：一是限定性的定語從句，二是非限定性的定語從句。限定性的定語從句常以that, which, who, whom, whose, where, why, when等的關(guān)系詞作引導，一般緊跟隨所修飾的名詞。 for example: - This is the place where Jack met his girlfriend for the first time. - I cant figure out the reason why there are more and more Chinese young people who wish to go to the Un

42、ited States to further their studies. - At home on the small farm in the U.S. state of Michigan, where he was being reared by his grandparents, the youngster could talk a little with his relative.c. 主語和主語從句在英語中，作主語的語言成分包括：名詞、代詞、動名詞、動詞不定式、名詞從句。For example- Listening to a piece of music without unders

43、tanding what it is means nothing but a waste of time.- To help others is to help yourself in a sense.主語從句主語從句就是以what, who, which, why, how, when, which等詞所引導的名詞從句。這些名詞從句出現(xiàn)在謂語動詞之前并作主語時，我們就將其稱為主語從句。- What she has been doing all these years still remains a mystery.- How she succeeded in getting the post

44、 is still unknownIt 作形式主語由于英語是個突出主語的語言，因此，如果句子的實際主語太長，英語習慣用先行代詞it作形式主語，然后再引出實際的主語。 It is+ 形容詞+that 從句 It is+ 不及物動詞+that 從句 It is+ 名詞+that 從句 It is+ 動詞的過去分詞+that 從句It is+ 形容詞+that 從句possible, desirable, clear, impossible, evident, obvious, important, natural, bad, true, doubtful, advisable, notable,

45、reasonable, unnecessary, essential, questionable, necessary, good, apparent, likely, preferable, probable, certain, impolite, satisfactory, conceivable, inappropriateIt is+ 不及物動詞+that 從句seem, sound, happen, turn out, follow, occur, may beIt is+ 名詞+that 從句a fact, no wonder, a good thing, a pity, the

46、case, no use, no good, a blessing, a common knowledge, no harmIt is+ 動詞的過去分詞+that 從句said, known, thought, accepted, learnt, reported, suggested, proposed, assumed, estimated, stressed, expected, predicted, noticed, supposed, written, believed, felt, found, understood, pointed out, declared, mentione

47、d, claimed, alleged, hoped, reputed, noted, asserted, stated, has been found, can be seen, will be said, has been illustrated, has been proved, has been calculated, can not be deniedd. 表語從句主語+be動詞+從句 S. +be + what. That is what they have been doing these days. S. +be + how That is how they all think

48、. S. +be + why That is why they refused the offer. S. +be + whereThe problem is where you put it. S. +be + whenWhat he wants to know is when you are leaving. S. +be + whetherWhat she wants to know is whether you would come. S. +be + if What she wants to know is if you may agree. S. +be + who The problem is who is going to do it. S. +be + whom The problem is whom you talk it to. S. +be + which The question is which bus goes that direction. S. +be + that The problem is that it is alre