高中英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習(xí)(含答案)

1、Grammar被動語態(tài)1、 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1. 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：1一般現(xiàn)在時 2現(xiàn)在完成時 3現(xiàn)在進行時 4一般過去時 5過去完成時 6過去進行時 7一般將來時 8過去將來時 9將來完成時（少用） 10過去將來完成時（少用） 2. 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為 。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主

2、動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的 ，其余不動。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役動詞have, make, g

3、et以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中 要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加 。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞介詞”，“動詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非

4、謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)) 。 例I don't like being laughed at in the public.二、 如何使用被動語態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)被動語態(tài)時，不僅要知道被動語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構(gòu)，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態(tài)。1. 講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者 (這時可省 by 短語)。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accep

5、t the offer.3. 為了更好地安排句子。The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一個主語就夠了）三、 It is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型 或“ ”。有：It is said that ,It is reported that，It is believed that，It is hoped that

6、，It is well known that，It is thought that，It is suggested that議。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （ ）四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作 動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式 表達被動意義,主語通常是 。 This kind of cloth washes well.2. 表示“發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語

7、，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。 How do the newspapers come out?3. 系動詞沒有 Your reason sounds reasonable.五、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義 。1 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面， 例The house needs repairing（to be repair

8、ed）2 形容詞worth ；而worthy 例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有 關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞有 關(guān)系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon試比較：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? 4. 在某些“形容詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子

9、的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有 例This problem is difficult to work out .5 在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中，當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to

10、be lost，誰 lost time不明確。）7. 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中 。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。1. “under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進行中”。常見：under control, under treatment, under repair, under discussion, under construction。例The building is un

11、der construction( is being constructed).2“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎勝過、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief ， beyond ones reach，beyond ones control，beyond our hope 例The rumour is beyond belief3.“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等) 超過、高于”。例His honest character is above all praise4“for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “適于、 為著”。如：for sale, for rent等。例Tha

12、t house is for sale.5“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ，表示“在過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print，in sight，等。例The book is not yet in print6“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“在從事 中”。常見的有：on sale，on show, on trial。例Today some treasures are on show in the museum.7“out of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常見的有：out of control，out of sight ，out of ones reach,out of fashion等。例 The

13、 plane was out of control8“within+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在內(nèi)、不超過”。例He took two days off within the teacher's permission七、被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別當(dāng)“be+過去分詞”作被動語態(tài)時表示 ；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時表示 ，be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：1如果強調(diào)動作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動語態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例The glass is brokenThe glass was broken by the boy2如果句中有地點、頻率或時間狀語時，一般為被動語態(tài)。例T

14、he door is lockedThe door hasalready/just been locked3被動語態(tài)除用于一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動詞be只有一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)。例 The machine is being repaired八、被動語態(tài)與高考試題賞析1 高考對謂語動詞語態(tài)的考查例析1). In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served2). This is Teds phone. We m

15、iss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing3). - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _.A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday

16、_ yet.A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked 【強化訓(xùn)練】1. If city noises _ from increasing，p

17、eople _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept；will have to B are not kept；haveC do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been devel

18、oped3. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes，it all depends on the weatherA I've been told B I've told C I'm told D I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed tha

19、t they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designed B. had been designedC. was designed D. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as i

20、f it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had

21、 costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building11.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write Bto write C to be written D written13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash out B. wont be