初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題副詞

1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題-副詞一、副詞定義：1. 用來說明事情或動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等含義的詞2. 用來說明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞二、副詞的分類副詞按詞匯意義和句法功能可分為時(shí)間副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞、頻度副詞、程度副詞、方式副詞、疑問副詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系副詞等。初中主要學(xué)習(xí)和掌握頻度副詞、方式副詞、時(shí)間副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞即可。J考點(diǎn)一 副詞的分類與位置1、表頻率的副詞常見的頻率副詞有：always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly,seldom.它們一般在行為動(dòng)詞之前，系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后，.He always goes to school

2、 on foot. She has never been to Beijing. She is often late for work.2、表示方式的副詞與方式相關(guān)的副詞，如safely,quietly,quickly，politely loudly， luckily ，happily ，easily ，carefully ， slowly ， suddenly以及fast,late,hard,early等。此類副詞位于動(dòng)詞之后，如果是及物動(dòng)詞一般位于賓語(yǔ)之后。The children are dancing happily. They work hard.The students did t

3、heir homework carefully.3程度副詞與程度相關(guān)的副詞有：very , much , only, quite , as, too, toofor, tooto do, well, almost, even, a little , enough , rather, a lot , so,such , badly, nearly , further , really , widely , hardly , a bit等。它們一般位于被修飾的詞前面，但enough要放在被修飾的詞后面。I can hardly know her name.The cake is so delici

4、ousHe was badly hurt .He worked hard enough.4 表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方向的副詞（1）與時(shí)間相關(guān)的副詞有: ago ,already, before, early, long, late, just, now, once, soon,since, today, tomorrow ,tonight ,yesterday, yet等。它們通常位于句末，有些也可位于句中如：already等。Theyll come back soon. They have finished the work already.=They have already finished t

5、he work.（2）與地點(diǎn)、方向相關(guān)的副詞經(jīng)常位于動(dòng)詞之后與動(dòng)詞搭配構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。outside, inside , upstair ,here ,there ,home, near, come back , turn left , go out三、副詞的考點(diǎn)J考點(diǎn)1、副詞的用法和位置1).修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，位于動(dòng)詞后。He walked quietly into his bedroom. It is raining hard .2).修飾形容詞作狀語(yǔ)，位于形容詞前。You have a very nice watch. The machine is too heavy.3).修飾另一副詞作狀

6、語(yǔ)，位于另一副詞前。You walked too slowly, I couldnt wait for you. 4）有時(shí)候也修飾整個(gè)句子Unfortunately，he was out.J考點(diǎn)2、副詞的構(gòu)成：（1） 多數(shù)形容詞+ly變成副詞 . 大多數(shù)副詞以ly結(jié)尾recent -recently  sadsadly slow-slowly clearclearly finalfinally realreally kind- - kindly, careful- carefully, Silent-silently peaceful-peacefully Safe-safely （

7、2）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞需改y為i加ly變成副詞 happy- happily, heavy- heavily, easy- easily, lucky- luckily, angry-angrily, (3)形容詞不去e加ly變來的副詞 polite-politely, wide-widely, Safe-safely, extreme- extremely (4)形容詞需去e加ly變來的副詞 True - Truly, gentle -gently, comfortable- comfortably possible-possibly simple -simply terrible-

8、terribly 特殊：good（形容詞）well（副詞）好地 (well adj 身體健康的) J考點(diǎn)3、副詞的比較等級(jí)副詞的比較等級(jí)構(gòu)成1.規(guī)則變化類別構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加er或esthardharderhardest以e結(jié)尾的只加r或stwidewiderwidest一輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先變y為i,再加er或est:early-earlier-earliest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞加more，mostcarefully usefullymore carefullymore usefullymost carefullymost usefully注意：形容詞最高級(jí)前

9、必須加定冠詞the，但是副詞最高級(jí)前則可要可不要。2. 不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(較遠(yuǎn)) further（進(jìn)一步）farthest(最遠(yuǎn)) furthest（最大程度）3.副詞比較等級(jí)的用法1. “（not）as/so + 副詞原級(jí) + as ”。這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示兩者相似或前者不如后者。例如： You dont get up so/as early as I. 你沒我起得早。2. “ as + 副詞原級(jí) + as possible/ one can ”。這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示

10、盡可能地做某事。例如： Please get here as soon as possible/you can. 請(qǐng)盡快趕到這兒來。3. “ 副詞比較級(jí) + than ”。這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示比對(duì)方強(qiáng)。例如： Mike works more carefully than Jack. 邁克工作比杰克細(xì)心。4. “ 副詞比較級(jí) + and + (同一)副詞比較級(jí)”。表示越來越、例如： He ran faster and faster. 他跑得越來越快。5. “ the + 副詞比較級(jí)， the + 副詞比較級(jí)”。這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越、就越、”例如： The better I knew him, the mor

11、e I like him. 我越了解他，就越喜歡他。6. “ 副詞最高級(jí) + 比較范圍 ”。這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，比較范圍常為含有介詞in, of 或 among的短語(yǔ)。 例如： He studies (the) hardest among the boys. 在那群男生里，他學(xué)習(xí)最用功?？键c(diǎn)4、易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)辨析1.兼有兩種形式的副詞1) close與closelyclose意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔細(xì)地"He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.2)late 與latelylate意思是"晚

12、"； lately 意思是"最近"You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?3)deep與deeplydeep意思是"深"，表示空間深度；deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high與highlyhigh表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當(dāng)于muchThe plane was fly

13、ing high. I think highly of your opinion.5)wide與widelywide表示空間寬度；widely意思是"廣泛地"，"在許多地方"He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.6)free與freelyfree的意思是"免費(fèi)"；freely 的意思是"無(wú)限制地"You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak fr

14、eely; say what you like.2.幾組易混副詞1、hard和hardly的區(qū)別(一)、hard可用作形容詞或副詞：1. 當(dāng)hard用作形容詞時(shí)，意為“困難的、堅(jiān)固的、努力的”等。例如：Its hard for old people to change their ways. Steel is harder than wood. 2. 當(dāng)hard用作副詞時(shí)，意為“努力的、困難的、猛烈地”等。例如：Does Tom work hard at his lessons? Its raining hard outside now. Dont go out. (二)、hardly只能用作

15、副詞，意為“幾乎沒有、幾乎不”。例如：I can hardly see anything on the blackboard. My father hardly ever watches TV. 2、much too和too much區(qū)別（一）(too) much 中心詞是much1相當(dāng)于形容詞，意為“more than enough”，用在不可數(shù)名詞前面作定語(yǔ)或在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)。如： Americans eat too much meat in my opinionI drank too much cola last nightThe work is too much for her Sh

16、e's afraid the trip will be too much for me2相當(dāng)于名詞，在句子中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如： Too much was happening all at onceYou have given me too much 3相當(dāng)于副詞，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)。如：You work too muchShe talks too much（二）(much) too 中心詞為toomuch too的用法比較簡(jiǎn)單，只用作副詞作狀語(yǔ)，但它不單獨(dú)使用，在句子中要修飾形容詞或副詞，但不修飾動(dòng)詞。如：You are much too kind to meIt's much t

17、oo coldYou are driving much too fast【練習(xí)】1.we should not eat junk food .A.too much B.much too C.too many D.much too 2. it's _ hot in august in Nanjing . A .many too B . much too C . very too D .to much 3. We don't have _ time to work every year. A much too B so many C too much D too many 答案1-

18、3 ABC四、also ,too, as well ,either, neither 意思 區(qū)別Also 表示"也"是比較正式的用詞, also 一般用于句子中,其位置在行為動(dòng)詞之前,動(dòng)詞to be之后。如有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一般應(yīng)在助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可放在前面。too 是普通用詞,口語(yǔ)中用的多,too常置于句末，前面可用逗號(hào)，如置于句中，其前后均有逗號(hào)。 注意: also,too只能用于肯定句。 either 用于否定句中，表示前者不、，后者也不、，其位置一般放在句尾。Neither 表示"兩者都不"。I also went. You a

19、re also wrong. He is a singer ,too. He,too,is a singer. He didn't go there. I didn't either. In neither case can I agree. Neither of them wants to stop for a rest 3) as well as 表示“不但而且”“既是也是”“而且”“還”。如：He grows flowers as well as vegetables. 他既種菜也種花。She shares (in) my troubles as well as

20、 my joys. 她與我同甘共苦。They have a flat in town as well as a place in the country. 他們?cè)诔抢镉幸惶坠?，在鄉(xiāng)村還有一所房子。注：有時(shí)還可譯為“除之外，還”，與besides, in addition to的用法相似。如：As well as learning to swim he has been taking Spanish lessons this summer. 今年夏天，他除了學(xué)習(xí)游泳外，他還在上西班牙語(yǔ)課。弄清強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn),A as well as B這一結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)是A不是B，即&

21、#160;A as well as B=not only B but also A，注意體會(huì)以下例句的譯文：She is clever as well as beautiful. 她不但漂亮，而且聰明。He speaks Spanish as well as English and French. 他不僅會(huì)說英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)，而且會(huì)說西班牙語(yǔ)。Actors have to learn their cues as well as their own lines. 演員不僅要記住臺(tái)詞，還要記住其他演員的暗示。五、already、yet、still的區(qū)別1）already是&

22、quot;已經(jīng)",用在肯定句中,用在完成時(shí)中比較多,比如I've already been to London.2）yet是"還"用于否定句,如I haven't gone there yet.此外yet還有"但是"的意思,有時(shí)可以和but互換,比如The authorities claim that the situation in the area has been under control, yet the fact is not the case.(當(dāng)局聲稱此地區(qū)局勢(shì)已得到控制,但事實(shí)并不是那么回事.)3） still

23、是"仍然",如He should have been killed in the accident, but he is still alive.(他本應(yīng)在事故中喪生,但他活著.)六、ometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some timesometimes (有時(shí))用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、 sometime (在將來某時(shí))用于將來時(shí)、 some times (數(shù)次)表示次數(shù)、 some time (一些時(shí)間)表示一段時(shí)間。e.g. Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.I will stay here som

24、e time.I will meet your father sometime.題型1.選詞填空 （一） luckily / lucky / unlucky / unluckily 1.That was an boy .he lost his parents in the earthquake 2. It rained hard. ,the children took umbrellas with them ,so they didnt get wet. 3.He is to pass the exam 4. A terrible car accident happened to him. ,

25、 he didnt lose hos life （二）easy easily easier more easily 1If you have more knowledge .you can deal with the problems . 2. The question looks . I m sure I can work out it by myself. 3. In generally,it is to say than to do (三） success successful successfully succeed 1. Dont worry . I heard that the a

26、irplane has landed at the airport. 2.If you become people will watch you all the time.3. If you try your best, you will .4. Attitude is everything. Details (細(xì)節(jié))decide .（四 ）happy happily happier more happily 1. Because of having parents love, I can grow up .2.Look . The children are playing over ther

27、e. 3. The busier he is,the he feel .（五 ）safe safely safety 1.School is the serious problem 2.Please drive more slowly. is the first. 3. Although we were in trouble . we got there 4. To be is important to everyone. （六） careful carefullly 1. Liu Ming is a girl . She does everything . 2.Please be . The

28、re is too much triffic on the road. 3. You didnt write enough . I cant see clearly 題型2.單選題1.Do you think yesterdays math problem was difficult? Yes. I could _ work it out. Ahardly Beasily Cfinally Dnearly2.-Dont worry.My mother will look after your baby _. -Thanks a lot.A. careful enough B. enough c

29、areful C. carefully enough3.The Internet is very useful for us. We can find information. A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly4. As we all know, smoking is bad for us ,_ for children. A. especially B. recently C. probably D. nearly5.Sometimes it rains _in Xian in summer. A.heavyB .heavilyC.strongD.str

30、ongly6.He doesnt play the violin so as his father. A. good B. better C. well D. best7.She sang a song I believe I can fly in Yangzhou English Contest. I have never heard a _ voice than that before. Agood Bwell C better DBest8.She likes reading and_.A. so I do B. I do so C. I like so D. so do I9.-I w

31、on't go to the Great Wall tomorrow.-I won't, _.A. neither B. either C. too D. also 10.He is _ tired that he can't go any farther.A. so B. such C. very D. tooWhen you do eye-exercise, you must keep your eyes_.A. close B. closes C. closing D. closed11.It's a windy day. You'd better

32、_ the windows.A. close B. closed C. closing D. to close 12.Bruce often _ his left hand _.A. keep; close B. keeps; closedC. keep; closed D. keeps; close 13. It is very hot. Please keep the door           .A. open B. opening C. opens D. opened14. The c

33、ity is_ than the town away from the river.A. far B. farther C. further D. much far 15.Do you need _ explanation to the question?A. more far B. any further C. farther D. any far 中考鏈接( )1.(2010·蘭州) -Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike? -Id like to go . A.nowhere interesting B.

34、interesting anywhere C.somewhere interesting D.interesting,somewhere( )2.(2010·衡陽(yáng)) The more people drive, the traffic accidents there will be. A.careful;less B.carefully;fewer C. Careful;fewer ( )3.(2010·合肥) -Did you find the small village yesterday? -Yes, without any difficulty, for it ha

35、s changed over years. A. hardly B. greatly C. clearly D. nearly( )4. （2011·蘇州）If you dont work enough, I dont think your dream will come . A.hardly;truly B.hardly;true C.hard;true D. hard;truly ( ) 5.（2011·蘭州） He said he would come to see us _ the next afternoon. A.sometime B.some time C.

36、sometimes D. some times( )6.（2011·蕪湖） Jack is good at drawing. I think no one draws . A. better B.best C.worse D. worst( )7. （2011·杭州）Its too late to invite any more people. _ , you know how Tim hates parties. A. Besides B. However C. Still D. Instead ( ) 8. （2011·濱州）- Do you often go

37、 to the gym? -No, . I dont like sports at all. A.always B. never C. sometimes D. usually( ) 9. （2011·黃岡）-Did Kate do best in the finally exam? -No, but of all the students she did _ . A.the most careful B. more careful C. most carefully D.more carefully( ) 10.（2011·太原） The bag that my gran

38、dpa made for me_ gets out of style, but it is still best thing in my mind. A. usually B. normally C. gradually ( )11. （2011·廣州）-Steve is good at writing short stories. -So he is. But he writes than us. So he cant get good grades in writing. A.most carefully B.more carefully C. less carefully D. least carefully( ) 12. （2012·佛山）-Did you go to the cinema to see 3D Titanic last night? -No, I go to the cinema. The tickets are too expensive. A. hardly B. nearly C. still D.only( )13.（2012·無(wú)錫）Mans understanding of nature is developing . It never stays at the same