英語(yǔ)句子成分講解清晰版

1、一、介紹與其重要性 句子是寫作的基本單位，只有寫好句子才有可能寫好文章。英語(yǔ)的句子成分有八種： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 學(xué)會(huì)判斷句子成分對(duì)以后學(xué)習(xí)難句奠定了基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)句子的構(gòu)成也有其特定的規(guī)律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常見(jiàn)句式和詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣搭配，就能寫出完整、正確的句子。句子成分句子成分意義意義充當(dāng)詞類充當(dāng)詞類例句例句主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事事名，代，數(shù)，不定名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)或式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)或句子句子We study in HuangQia

2、o Middle School.謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，是什么或怎說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，是什么或怎么樣么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象同主語(yǔ)同主語(yǔ)Both of us like English.表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征同主語(yǔ)同主語(yǔ)Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名形，代，數(shù)，名, 副，介詞短

3、語(yǔ)或句子副，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子We have eight lessons every day.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或句副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)邏輯上與賓語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系邏輯上與賓語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞形容詞，名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)等短語(yǔ)等She always keeps the house clean.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主

4、來(lái)自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無(wú)！主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來(lái)自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無(wú)！英語(yǔ)的句子成分： 一）一） 主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)： Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is not allowed in public places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 二）謂語(yǔ)二）謂語(yǔ)由由_擔(dān)任。擔(dān)任。助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加其

5、加其他動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。他動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞to do不定式不定式doing動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞句子句子My father is a professor. Whos that? Its me. Everything here is expensive. The match became very

6、 exciting. The story of my life may be of help to others.Three times five is fifteen.His plan is to seek work in the city. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 三）三）表語(yǔ) 它的位置在_之后。是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的_,_, _的.系動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)性質(zhì)特征特征狀態(tài)狀態(tài)名詞名詞 n代詞代詞 pron形容詞形容詞 adjadj介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)數(shù)詞數(shù)詞to do不定式不定式句子句子（四）賓語(yǔ) 表示

7、動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語(yǔ)一般放在_之后。_詞后也會(huì)跟賓語(yǔ)。She covered her face with her hands. We havent seen her for a long time. Do you mind opening the window? Give me four please. He wants to dream a nice dream. We need know what others are doing. We should care more about our friends. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)介詞介詞名詞名詞 n代詞代詞 pron動(dòng)名

8、詞動(dòng)名詞代詞和數(shù)詞代詞和數(shù)詞to do不定式不定式句子句子介詞介詞+名詞名詞（五）定語(yǔ) 是修飾_詞.單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的名詞之_；短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在它所修飾的名詞之_。They are woman workers. Toms father didnt write home until yesterday. Mary is a beautiful girl. The play has three acts. This is her first trip to Europe. China is a developing country. I have nothing to eat.

9、 Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 名名前前后后 名詞名詞名詞所有格名詞所有格形容詞形容詞 adj數(shù)詞數(shù)詞形容詞形容詞 /序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 /to do 不定式不定式現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 doingto do 不定式不定式從句從句六）狀語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨情況等。 The best fish swim near the bottom. I left the village five years ago. I arrived late because of the traffic

10、jam . Well send a car to fetch you. The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. If he goes, so will I . Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)伴隨狀語(yǔ)伴隨狀語(yǔ)條件狀語(yǔ)條件狀語(yǔ)讓步狀語(yǔ)讓步狀語(yǔ)七）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞，

11、除了要有賓語(yǔ)之外，還要加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。They elected me captain of the team. We try to make our country strong. We found everything in good order there. I should advise you to get the chance. I saw him going upstairs. They found the house broken in.名詞名詞形容詞形容詞介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)to do 不定式不定式現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 doingdone 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞賓語(yǔ)和賓

12、語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)八）主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 如果上述結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，原賓語(yǔ)成為主語(yǔ)，原賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)相應(yīng)地變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I was elected captain of the team.Our country will be made strong.與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一樣與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一樣口訣記憶 主謂賓表定狀補(bǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明同位語(yǔ)。主謂賓表定狀補(bǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明同位語(yǔ)。 句子主干主謂賓（表），輔助成分定狀補(bǔ)。句子主干主謂賓（表），輔助成分定狀補(bǔ)。 定語(yǔ)修飾名詞代，狀修動(dòng)詞還有副。定語(yǔ)修飾名詞代，狀修動(dòng)詞還有副。 主謂人稱數(shù)一致，賓語(yǔ)之后常有補(bǔ)。主謂人稱數(shù)一致，賓語(yǔ)之后常

13、有補(bǔ)。二.五種簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+系系+表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)2）The city will become rich. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的系動(dòng)詞是：在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的系動(dòng)詞是： “變化變化”類：類：_. “感官感官”類

14、類: _. “持續(xù)持續(xù)”類：類：_. 其他：（似乎）其他：（似乎）_ _ (證明是證明是)_get/ become/ turn/grow/gotaste/ smell/ feel/look/soundstay/ keep/remainSeem appearturn out/ prove(to be)1主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)Exercises你的故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。_.把魚放在冰箱里，否則它會(huì)變壞的。_.這種炎熱的天氣將會(huì)保持幾天。_.這個(gè)計(jì)劃證明是可行的。_.You story sounded very interesting.Put the fish into fridge,

15、 or they will go bad.The hot day will remain/stay/ keep a few days.The plan turned out/proved （to be) practical.2主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)1）Building has started. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)2）The train leaves at 7:40. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) _搭配：搭配：The teacher teaches well. The child walks very slowly. _搭配：搭配： The girl looked at the picture. The chi

16、ldren ran to the forest.動(dòng)詞副詞動(dòng)詞副詞動(dòng)詞介詞動(dòng)詞介詞Exercise 我每天起的很早，走到小花園，坐在凳子上。 _Every day I get up early, walk to the park and sit on the bench.3主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)The boss employed five more workers. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.Few students like taking exams.He forgot to close the d

17、oor.I hope I can speak English fluently. Exercise他因?yàn)檐囎娱_(kāi)得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。_.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快將其喝光。_.他許諾給我一個(gè)禮物。_.He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.He took out a beer and drank it up quickly.He promised to give me a gift.4主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)1）He has fetched us some new textbooks. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)2）G

18、randma cooked us a nice meal. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ) 3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject. 4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.可接雙賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：可接雙賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise 順便問(wèn)一下，她把錢付給你了嗎？_. 下學(xué)期誰(shuí)教你們生物？_. Mr. White告訴我為什么他要出國(guó)。_.By the way, has she paid you money?Who will teach you biology?Mr. White told me why he went abroad.5主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1）The villagers didnt allow them to do this. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)