過去分詞的用法

1、過去分詞的用法1. 分詞的定義動詞的-ed分詞即過去分詞，是由動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成，一般只有一種形式。2. 過去分詞的語法作用 過去分詞一方面具有動詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當(dāng)于一個形容詞或副詞，在句中可以作表語、定語、狀語和補足語。3. 過去分詞作表語 1)過去分詞作表語，主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。如： Dont touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那個杯子，它是壞的。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。 2)及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是被動關(guān)系，

2、表示主語的狀態(tài)，既表示被動，又表示完成。The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。3)不及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是主動關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，只表示動作的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。4)過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語，主要是表示主語的狀態(tài)，而被動語態(tài)則表示動作。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被動語態(tài),表示動作) The library is now closed. 圖書館關(guān)門了。(過去分詞作表語)4. 過去分詞作定語 1)單個的過去分詞作定語一

3、般放在名詞的前面，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。The excited people rushed into the building. 激動的人們奔進(jìn)了大樓。=The people who were excited rushed into the building. 2)過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾的詞后面，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。 The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外國專家提出來的建議被經(jīng)理采納了。 = The suggestion that was made by the foreign ex

4、pert was adopted by the manager. 3)過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 這些書是魯迅寫的，受到了許多中國人民的喜愛。= The books, which are written Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 4) 用來修飾人的過去分詞有時可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物，這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人，但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān)。 The boy l

5、ooked up with a satisfied expression. 男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視。 The worried look deepened upon her face. 她臉上的愁容加重了。5. 過去分詞作賓補 能夠接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有以下四類： 1)表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。 I heard the song sung in English. 我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。 He found his hometown greatly

6、changed. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。 2) 表示“致使”意義的動詞。如：have make, get, keep, leave等。 Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理發(fā)。 Dont leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。3)表示思維活動的動詞如consider，know，think等后。如： I consider the matter settled. 我認(rèn)為這件事解決了。4)表示愛憎,意愿的動詞，如want, wish, like, hate等后。如： I wanted two tickets reserved.

7、我要預(yù)定兩張機票。5)過去分詞作賓補時，其所表示的動作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。 He didnt wish it mentioned. 他不愿這事被提起。(mention it) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。(pull his tooth out)6)使役動詞have接過去分詞作賓補有兩種情況。 過去分詞所表示的動作由他人完成。 Youd better have that bad tooth pulled out. 你最好找醫(yī)生把那顆壞牙拔掉。 表示主語的經(jīng)歷或遭遇。 He had his leg broken.他的腿斷了

8、。 (自己的經(jīng)歷)6. with+賓語+過去分詞 此結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語補足語.這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時間，方式，條件，原因等狀語。(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 兇手被帶進(jìn)來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。(表方式)(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加熱，我們就會看到水蒸氣。(表條件)(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解決，我們都回家了。(表原因)(

9、4) She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他。(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然舉著手站了一會兒。7. 過去分詞作狀語 1) 過去分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在農(nóng)村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。 2) 過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞表示的動作

10、是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果對這些樹多關(guān)心一些，它們本來會長得更好。 3) 過去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。表時間，相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強調(diào)時間概念。如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 從山頂上看，這個城市就像一個大花園。 表原因，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。如：D

11、eeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激動的人們被那個故事深深地感動了，停止了爭吵。 表條件，相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用if等詞。如：Given another chance, he will do better. 再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。 表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 盡管已經(jīng)

12、跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個強盜。 表方式或伴隨情況。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那個老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。高考鏈接1. The rare fish, _ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved2. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. A. lo

13、se B. lost C. to lose D. having lost3. Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded4. _ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer5. _ into Engl

14、ish, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated6. Claire had luggage _ an hour before her plane left. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked7. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himse

15、lf _ of his own dreams.A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind8. The players_ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected9. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _ with her storie

16、s. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused10. So far nobody has claimed the money _ in the library.A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered11. A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questio

17、ned D. questioning12. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing13. _ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see14. Though _ to see us, the profes

18、sor gave us a warm welcome.A. surprising B. as surprised C. surprised D. being surprised15. Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles.A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 16. Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily.A. advertised B. to

19、be advertised C. advertise D. having advertised17. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow18. The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated19. _ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded20. _ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To g