小學(xué)英語知識點歸納總結(jié)

1、. . . .現(xiàn)在進行時表示正在發(fā)生的事情或進行的動作，常與now，listen，look等詞連用，結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be動詞(am，is，are)+動詞ing。如：It is raining now。外面正在下雨。Look! The children are having a running race now?？?！孩子們正在賽跑。問句將be動詞移前，否定句在be動詞后+not。 2 一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情或動作，常與often，usually，sometimes，always，every day(week year) on Sundays等詞連用。如：We have

2、an English lesson every day。我們每天都要上英語課。Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do。男孩比女孩跑的快嗎？是的。問句借助于do，does否定句借助于dont，doesnt，后面動詞一定要還原。 3 一般過去時表示發(fā)生在過去的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，常與just now，a moment ago， ago，yesterday，last ( week，month，year，Monday，weekend)，this morning等詞連用。結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be動詞的過去式（was，were）或主

3、語+動詞的過去式。注意：be動詞與動詞過去式不可同時使用。如：My earphones were on the ground just now。我的耳機剛剛還在呢。Where were you last week? I was at a camp。你上個星期去哪了？我去野營了。What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm。你昨天去干嘛了？我去參觀農(nóng)場了。問句有be動詞將be動詞移前，沒有be動詞借助于did，后面動詞還原；否定句有be動詞在后面加not，沒有借助于didn't后面動詞還原。 4 一般將來時表示將要打算發(fā)生的事

4、情或動作，常與tomorrow，next week(year，Tuesday)，this week( weekend，evening，afternoon，)today等詞連用。結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be(am，is，are) going to + 動原或主語+will +動原。如：What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic。你明天要去干嘛？我要去野餐。The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week。孩子們下個星期將參加運動會。Tom will/is goin

5、g to see a play with his father this evening。Tom今晚將和父母去看演出。問句將be動詞或will移前；否定句在be動詞或will后加not。 5 情態(tài)動詞can，cant，should，shouldnt，must，may后一定加動詞原形。如：The girl cant swim, but he can skate。女孩不會游泳，但是會滑冰。Dont talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully。不要再課上說話，你應(yīng)該認真聽老師講。 6 祈使

6、句肯定祈使句以動詞原形開頭；否定祈使句以dont加動詞原形開頭。如：Open the box for me，please。請為我打開盒子。Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow。劉濤，明天請早點起床！Dont walk on the grass!不要在草地上走！Helen! Dont climb the tree,please。海倫！不要爬樹。 7 go的用法去干嘛用go +動詞ing如: go swimming；go fishing；go skating；go camping； 8 比較than 前用比較級；as

7、as之間用原級。如：My mother is two years younger than my father。我媽比我爸年輕兩歲。Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben。劉濤跳得和本一樣遠。 9 喜歡做某事用like +動詞ing或like+ to + 動原。如： Su Yang likes growing flowers。蘇陽喜歡種花。The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival。孩子們喜歡在春節(jié)去玩花燈。 10 想要做某事用 would like +to+動原或

8、want + to +動原。例：Id like to visit the History Museum。=I want to visit the History Museum。 11 some用于肯定句中，在否定句和問句中改為any，但當(dāng)表示委婉語氣時仍用。如：Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice? 12 代詞人稱代詞主格做主語用一般放在句首或動詞前，主格分別是 I you he she it we you they。賓格做賓語用，一般放在動詞或介詞后。如：Open

9、 them for me. Let us , join me等。賓格分別是me, you, him, her, it ,us, you, them。形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前，不能單獨使用，分別是my ,your, his, her, its, our, your, their。名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形物加名詞，它只能單獨使用后面不好加名詞，分別是mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours ,theirs。 13 介詞介詞后要么不加動詞，加動詞只能加動詞ing形式。如：be good at running； 14

10、60;時間介詞季節(jié)前，月份前用介詞in。如：in summer；in March。具體的哪一天如星期幾，幾月幾日用介詞on。如：on Saturday; on the second of April；on Wednesday morning。在幾點鐘前用介詞at。如： at a quarter to four；只在上下午晚上用in。如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening；但在夜間用at night。另：季節(jié)，月份和星期前不好加the。 15 名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的方法有規(guī)則的有：（1）直接在名詞后加s；如orangeoranges; photoph

11、otos；（2）以x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的加es；如：boxboxes; glassglasses; waitresswaitresses; watchwatches;peach-peaches；（3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es；如：studystudies；librarylibraries; hobbyhobbies; familyfamilies;（4）以f, fe結(jié)尾的改f, fe 為ves如：knifeknives; thiefthieves（注:以o結(jié)尾的我們學(xué)過的只有mango加es, mangomangoes其余加s,）。不規(guī)則的有：manmen; womanwo

12、men; peoplepeople; childchildren。 16 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成1、直接在動詞后加s；如：runruns; dancedances；2、以s,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾的加es；如：dodoes;gogoes;washwashes;catchcatches；3、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es。如：studystudies; carrycarries。 17 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成1、直接在動詞后加ing；如：singsinging; skiskiing;2、雙寫詞尾加ing；如：swimswimming; runrunning;3、以

13、不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的去e加ing；如：rideriding; dancedancing; makemaking。 18 規(guī)則動詞過去式的構(gòu)成有規(guī)則的有：（1）直接在動詞后加ed；如：cleancleaned; milkmilked; playplayed;（2）以e結(jié)尾的直接加d；如：dancedanced; tastetasted;（3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加ed；如：studystudied; carrycarried;（4）雙寫詞尾加ed。如：stopstopped; jogjogged。不規(guī)則的有：am, iswas; arewere; do, doesdid;

14、 have,hashad; gowent; meetmet; sitsat; seesaw; getgot; telltold; runran; comecame; stealstole; readread。 19 形容詞副詞比較級的構(gòu)成有規(guī)則的有：（1）直接在形容詞或副詞后加er；如；smallsmaller; lowlower;（2）以e結(jié)尾的加r；如：latelarer;（3）雙寫詞尾加er；如：bigbigger; thinthinner; fatfatter;（4） 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加er。如：heavyheavier; earlyearlier。不規(guī)

15、則的有：good, wellbetter(最高級為best); many, much- more(最高級為most); far-farther。 20 rain與snow的用法1、作為名詞意思是雨水和雪是不可數(shù)名詞。如：There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那兒的春天有很多雨水。2、作為動詞意思是下雨和下雪，有四種形式分別是：動詞原形rain， snow；第三人稱單數(shù)rains ，snows；現(xiàn)在分詞raining； snowing過去式rained； snowed;如：Look! It is raining now。瞧！天正在下雨

16、。It often rains in Nantong in summer。南通夏天經(jīng)常下雨。 It rained yesterday。昨天下了雨。It is going to rain tomorrow。明天要下雨。3、形容詞為rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的。如：It is often rainy here in spring。這兒的春天經(jīng)常是有雨的。If it is rainy tomorrow, Ill stay at home。如果明天是有雨的，我將呆在家里。21 比較級注意只有同類事物才可進行比較。如：My eyes are bigger than hers。

17、Your school bag is heavier than mine。My computer is nicer than Nancys。My brother is stronger than me。 22 have, has表示某人有(has用于第三人稱單數(shù))；There is/ are;There was/ were 表示某地存在有注意There be 句型的就近原則單數(shù)或不可數(shù)用there is /was;復(fù)數(shù)用there are/ were。 23 本身就是復(fù)數(shù)的詞眼鏡glasses; 耳機earphones; 鞋shoes;褲子trouser

18、s等詞本身是復(fù)數(shù)。如：My glasses were on the chair just now。但如果表示這雙，這副，一雙的時候用單數(shù)。如：There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate。This pair of earphones is for you。 24 五個元音字母分別是Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu。 25 一個的用法a用于輔音前不是輔音字母前；an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。如：There is an s, a t, a u, a d ,an e, an n,and a t in the wor

19、d student。 26 時間表示法有兩種：1、直接讀時鐘和分鐘。如：6:10讀成 six ten; 7:30讀成seven thirty; 8:45讀成eight forty-five。2、用to與past表示。在半小時包括半小時以內(nèi)用幾分past幾點；如：6:10讀成ten past six; 7:30讀成half past seven;過了半小時用下一個鐘點差幾分。如：7:45讀成a quarter to eight; 9:50讀成ten to ten。 27 基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的方法基變序有規(guī)律，結(jié)尾加上th; 一二三特殊例，結(jié)尾字母t、d(即fi

20、rst, second, third);八去t， 九去e， ve要用f替（即eigheighth; nineninth; five- fifth ;twelvetwelfth）；ty改y為ie后加th別忘記(即整十?dāng)?shù)如twentytwentieth；fortyfortieth);幾十幾十位為基個位為序（如第二十一為twenty-first）。另外強調(diào)序數(shù)詞前一定要加the。 28 日期的表示法用the+序數(shù)詞+ of +月如：三月三日 the third of March;12月25日 the 25th of December。 29 both，allb

21、oth 表示兩者都。如：My parents are both teachers。all 表示三者以上都。如：The students are all very excited。 30 節(jié)日的表示法有day的節(jié)日前用on；沒有day的節(jié)日前用at。如：at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Years Day。 31比較兩者比較用比較級，三者以上比較用最高級。如：Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does。誰跑得更快，男孩還是女孩？男孩。Whi

22、ch season do you like best? I like autumn best。你最喜歡哪個季節(jié)？我最喜歡秋天。Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better。你更喜歡哪個季節(jié)，夏天還是冬天？我更喜歡冬天。 32 動詞還原的用法前面用了do, does did, dont, doesnt didnt后面動詞要還原。如：Did she watch TV last night?Helen doesnt like taking photos。 33 到了到達用get to。但注意到家，到這兒，到那兒不可以加to。如：get home; get here; get there,另外go home; come here; go there也一樣。 34 長著和穿著長著什么用with；如：the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩；穿著什么用in。如：the man in black穿黑衣服的男人；或：the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的婦女。 35 讓某人做某事用let sb后加動詞原形。如：Lets water the