專八改錯技巧總結(jié)

1、英語專八改錯解題思路 1. 宏觀層面分析 （1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)（理順整個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，必要時檢索上下文） （2）邏輯關(guān)系（關(guān)聯(lián)詞選擇：并列、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、假設(shè)、讓步等） （3）時態(tài)和語態(tài)（完成時和虛擬語氣是考查重點） 2. 微觀層面分析 （1）缺漏（介詞、代詞、引導(dǎo)詞） （2）冗余（兩個主語、同義重復(fù)） （3）誤用（詞性、分詞、正反義、主被動、形容詞和副詞級別） （4）一致性（名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、主謂一致、先行詞） （5）詞義與固定搭配 3. 注意事項 （1）即使按照語感很快找到了疑似錯誤，也要堅持讀完全句再做判斷，可能會有新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。過于相信第一感覺而帶來的失分是劃不來的。 （2）分兩次改比較合理，因為畢

2、竟只有少數(shù)人能夠在第一遍看材料的時候就找出所有的錯誤，盡管這些錯誤不見得隱藏得多深。 （3）?？碱}型，高度警惕。 1 冠詞：the變a, a變the，補(bǔ)the補(bǔ)a，刪a刪the，每年都玩的把戲。 2 單復(fù)數(shù)：無非是his變their之類的，關(guān)鍵是細(xì)心。 3 近義詞：例如distinct和distinctive，move和movement，interest和interests 4 反義詞：尤其看到dis, un, im，in，non之類的，更要琢磨一下。 5 關(guān)聯(lián)詞：幾乎是保留節(jié)目，and, but, however, though, moreover, therefore 6 非謂語動詞：見了

3、ing想ed，見了ed想ing, 就是這么賤。 7 形容詞比較級：多半是把原形改為比較級。考的頻率也蠻高的。 8 虛擬語氣：注意一下還是比較容易看出來的，多長個心眼兒吧。 9 It：有時要加，有時要刪，有時要變itself，總之多盯“它”幾眼。 10動詞詞組：其實主要是介詞的問題，這個沒辦法臨時抱佛腳，要靠積累.改錯：1、改錯雖然為主觀題，但錯誤類型相對集中，可分為以下幾種情況：定冠詞：a, an, the誤用，甚至多出來；解決辦法：分析定冠詞的主語及上下文有無指代；級：分兩類錯誤，第一種是原級用成比較級，比較級用成最高級，反之亦然。有一種除外，是兩者比較誰最好，可以用最高級；第二種是意思相反

4、，如most改為least；連詞錯誤：也分兩種，第一種為連詞誤用，應(yīng)該表示轉(zhuǎn)折的用成了并列，比如while改為and；第二種為近義詞。在不同語境中用However, Nonetheless, 比用but更合適，更合乎語法；（與邏輯關(guān)系也有關(guān)，看上下文，聯(lián)系語境）詞性錯誤：多出現(xiàn)為形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦痹~，反之亦然；也有可能是限定，如adv.+adj.+n.，如下所說；形容詞改為動詞或名詞等，多出現(xiàn)在一詞多性的情況下；形容詞限定錯誤：出現(xiàn)在adj.+adj.+n.要知道第1個adj.是限定第2個adj.還是限定n.；若是限定第2個adj.，大多改為副詞adv.；搭配錯誤：多為介詞搭配錯誤，如in som

5、e extent改為to，rely in改為on等；也有搭配詞沒有給出，需要自己添加，比如define.as；詞義錯誤：比如：rather than改為other than；（此項比較難）近義形容詞錯誤：例如：respective, respectable, respectful, respecting, respected；（此項比較難）缺失：例如the fact 后面直接接了句子，中間缺少that，表明同位關(guān)系；多余：有的地方莫名其妙多出一個詞，多為介詞，是沒有用的；詞義相反：多出現(xiàn)在形容詞，需要在前面添加或去掉in-, im-, ir-, un-等否定前綴；主動被動：分析主語與謂語動詞的

6、邏輯關(guān)系是主動還是被動，多出現(xiàn)在分句中；三單：主語與謂語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，主語是否為不可數(shù)名詞，是的話如何判斷謂語動詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，還是有特殊用法；時態(tài)：現(xiàn)在時用為過去式，或者進(jìn)行時用成了現(xiàn)在時等；定語從句用錯先行詞：which用成了that；難點兒的比如：for which用成了which，要知道for which=why, in / at which=where；還有什么情況下必須用that，比如人和物搭配，序數(shù)詞，the one, the only,不缺任何成分，有否定詞，有all等；以下八大高頻考點的分類出自華研·專八人文知識與改錯，現(xiàn)將八大類錯誤整理如下，主要包括：1.短語

7、搭配錯誤；2.易混詞錯誤；3.邏輯關(guān)系錯誤；4.代詞錯誤（一致錯誤）；5.冠詞錯誤；6.形容詞和副詞使用錯誤；7.成分殘缺或冗余；8.動詞時態(tài)或語態(tài)錯誤。 筆者認(rèn)為這八類錯誤基本涵蓋了改錯考試中出現(xiàn)的錯誤，首先了解錯誤類型，對應(yīng)對改錯具有重要意義。 另外，筆者在總結(jié)華研·專八人文知識與改錯和星火·專八改錯滿分突破60篇兩本練習(xí)冊中近100篇改錯題的基礎(chǔ)上，搜集其中出現(xiàn)的所有典型錯誤例子（語法詞匯類錯誤居多），并根據(jù)所屬錯誤類型整理如下。（注意：帶>的表示前邊的是錯誤的，后邊的是改正之后的；其他的沒有正確錯誤之分）1.短語搭配錯誤 （大部分為介詞錯誤）carry/get

8、 with things > carry/get on with things to let alone > let alonein return to > in return for the need of > the need forsubstitute A with B > substitute A for B account 70% -> account for 70%under the grounds of/that > on the grounds of/that attitude on life > attitude to

9、wards/to lifein a quick speed > at a quick speed with many respects > in many respectsat the face of > in the face(s) of considerations to > considerations forbecome victims of  -> become victims to ride in a train > ride on a trainthe problems with the government > the pro

10、blems for the governmentresistive against > resistive to resistance of > resistance toembark sth > embark on sth with the belief that > in the belief thatat advance of sth > in advance of sth interpret to > interpret asin line to > in line with to varing degrees > in varing d

11、egreestake pride of > take pride in leap out to me > leap out at meinject them lethal strains > inject them with lethal strainscharge him with the same price > charge him the same priceimbalance of A and B > imbalance between A and Bshortage of protein with them > shartag

12、e of protein among themfortify sb for sth > fortify sb against sth (加強(qiáng)以抵御)shed light to sth > shed light on sth in proportion with > in proportion topay for it with dollars > pay for it in dollars be in liberty to > be at liberty tobegin at doing > begin with doing be contrasted to

13、 > be contrasted withcommit an offence to > commit an offence against modern time > modern timesability of (doing) sth > ability in (doing) sth defend sth against > defend sth fromat the first place > in the first place pay money in doing > pay money for doingtake to do > tak

14、e to doing (“求助于，開始”，to為介詞)yearn to > yearn for at average > on averageidentify oneself to > identify oneself with be successful on doing > be successful at/in doingget ones teeth on > get ones teeth into(埋頭做，認(rèn)真做)the action of formation > the action of forming (of后應(yīng)接動名詞而非名詞)approac

15、h to do > approach to doing one contributor of > one contributor toconsumers demand of luxury goods > consumers demand for luxury goodson ones 30s > in ones 30s balk to > balk at (回避，繞過)differ A from B > distinguish A from B suit to sb/sth > suit for sb/sthvary by vary with emph

16、asis of emphasis on2.易混詞錯誤(1)形近異義詞imaginative imaginary adapt adopt confirm conformformer formal diary dairy personal personnelbeside besides principal principle intelligent intelligibleconscious conscientious stationary stationery considerate considerableaffect(影響) effect(致使、達(dá)成) contact contract mo

17、ral moraleindustrious industrial desert dessert require acquire inquirepresence presentation sensible sensitive transformation transmissionvalue evaluate tense tension anything somethingcooker cook complexity(復(fù)雜性) complex(合成體) insurance assuranceprovide(提供) provided/providing(假設(shè)，如果) perceive conceiv

18、eeffective(有效的) affective(受影響的，由引起的)(2)形近(形異)近義詞latter later late(遲的，已故的) latest(最晚的，最新的)farther(距離更遠(yuǎn)) further(程度更進(jìn)一步) healthy(健康的) healthful(有益健康的)effective efficient continual(連續(xù)的) continuous(持續(xù)不斷的)respectable respectful historic historicalrise arise raise arouse sure insure ensure assurein return

19、 to in response to opposite oppositionproducing productive lonely alone across cross impressed - impressivepermit(n.通行證) permission relating related memorizing memorablenormal(n.常態(tài),通常標(biāo)準(zhǔn),一般水平) norm(規(guī)范,行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn))favorite favorable acceptability acceptance economical economicfew little a few few little a li

20、ttle invent discoverbefore ago another otheragent(代理人) agency(代理機(jī)構(gòu)) reward(回饋) award(獎賞)special specific(3)兼有兩種形式的副詞firstly first (firstly用于列舉條目或者表示順序，first表示時間上“第一次、首次”)hardly(幾乎不) hard(努力地) sure surely late latelyclear(完全地、徑直地) clearly(顯然、清楚地)high(高度高地) highly(程度高地、非常)close(接近地、緊密地) closely(緊密地、嚴(yán)密

21、地) most(最) most(大部分)(4)反義詞with without possible impossible subjective objectiveimport export better worse employee employeremployment unemployment modifiable unmodifiablenatural unnatural discernable indiscernable lent borrowedexclusive inclusive independency dependency willing unwillingnothing more

22、 than nothing less than agree disagreerarely frequently / often specific generalless more (still more still less) most least known unknownrespective irrespective (irrespective of表示“不管”) majority minorityresult in result from fortunately unfortunately powerful powerlesseasiness uneasiness professiona

23、l amateur aware unaware include exclude(5) 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)異義moral morals(作名詞時用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示“道德、倫理”)collection(不可數(shù)名詞表示“各種因素集合體”) collections(可數(shù)名詞表示“收藏品”)manner(方法,方式) manners(禮儀,禮節(jié)) saving savings(復(fù)數(shù)表示“存款”)specie(硬幣) species(種類)（species只有單數(shù)） mean(n.平均值) means(方法)(6) 易混短語live with(同一起生活,忍受) live by(靠過活)go about (doin

24、g) sth(開始做某事,四處走動,流傳,經(jīng)常從事于) go around(四處走動,繞道走)tend to intend toin next week(以當(dāng)下時間為基準(zhǔn)點) in the next week(以過去的時間為基準(zhǔn)點)spend in doing sth spend on sth die of(內(nèi)部) die from(外部)rather than other than have sb do sth have sth donetake on(從事，開始對付，呈現(xiàn)) go on(繼續(xù)) take place take the place ofconsist in(在于) consi

25、st of(包括) in all(總共) after all(畢竟)in return(作為報答) in turn(反過來，輪流) one reason for +短語 one reason why +句子bring out(使顯露，使顯現(xiàn)) bring up(教育，培養(yǎng)，提出，(船)抵達(dá)目的地) be worth doing be worthwhile to do react to(對作出反應(yīng)) react with(以作出反應(yīng))apply to(將應(yīng)用于) apply for(請求，申請)3.邏輯關(guān)系錯誤（連詞使用錯誤）therefore nevertheless/however 

26、;(大部分therefore都要改為however,反之亦然)and but / while or and but because moreover howeverafter before since although there is no there is alsothat if from now on from then on all none besides yetif unless besides except therefore because so becauseso does he neither/nor does he thats why +結(jié)果 thats because

27、+原因as if even if whether if4.代詞錯誤（一致錯誤）their its that those (需要特別注意) which that (有些情況下關(guān)系代詞只能用that)which what it itself (主賓相同，賓語用反身代詞) that/this it (只有it可作形式主語)his ones (泛指時用one) you yourself it they this suchXX is less sophisticated than what they are today XX is less sophisticated than they ar

28、e today5.冠詞錯誤(1)定冠詞多余on the either side > on either side in the Europe > inEurope in the winter > in winter (季節(jié)前不加定冠詞)Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位語間完全對等關(guān)系，不必使用冠詞)take the issue > take issue(對持異議，不同意)(2)定冠詞缺漏among most > among the most one

29、 of first > one of the firstatmosphere > the atmosphere(表示獨一無二的事物)（另外還有如：the Equator, the Outerspace）between us and rest > between us and the restin minority > in the minority around floor > around the floorpiano > the piano (西洋樂器的前面要有定冠詞)English language > the English language

30、at heart of > at the heart ofworld > the world(表示“地球”這種獨一無二的事物要加定冠詞)in long run > in the long run (3)定冠詞與不定冠詞之間的誤用illustrate the further difference > illustrate a further difference (diference第一次提及)注意以下短語的區(qū)別in church in the churchat college at the college in court in the court in ho

31、spital in the hospital in office in the officein prison in the prison at sea at the sea in school in the school at table at the table6.形容詞與副詞使用錯誤have been currently > current be well equipped as > be as well equipped asheavy industrialized > heavily-industrializedspread colossal > spread

32、 colossally similar strong > similarly strongkeep the number constantly at X a year > keep number constant at X a yearfeel hopeless thwarted > feel hopelessly thwartedcomparative high proportion > comparatively high proportion(quakes) start deeply in the earth > start deep in the eart

33、hin the passed 5 years > in the past 5 yearsculture embedded attitudes > culturally embedded attitudesas much as > as often asfrom one meter afar > from one meter away increasing > increasinglysimple > simply pure > purely much > many many > more large > largerearly >

34、; earlier7.成分殘缺或多余(單復(fù)數(shù)錯誤)a world which I could get > a world in which I could getshows > that shows (先行詞在定語從句中作主語，關(guān)系代詞不可省略)take for granted that > take it for grated that1980 1980sone of the most glaring form > one of the mist glaring formstheir jobs engage in their interest > their jobs engage their interest