Unit 5 The real truth about lies練習(xí)答案綜合教程三

1、Unit 5 The Real Truth about LiesKey to the Exercises Text comprehensionI.Decide which of the following best sums up the argument of the passage.CII.Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. T (Refer to Paragraph 3. It is true that women tell lies because the

2、y care about others' feelings, and men are more selfish; they tell lies generally for self-promoting purposes.) 2. T (Refer to Paragraph 5.)3. T (Refer to Paragraph 6.) 4.F (Refer to Paragraph 12. Even seemingly harmless falsehoods, or white lies, can have unforeseen consequences.)5.F (Refer to

3、Paragraph 16. There are still occasions where lies are acceptable.) III.Answer the following questions.1.Refer to Paragraphs 2-5. Professor DePaulo's study suggests that lying is a common phenomenon and most of the lies we tell are small and insignificant. Meanwhile, as she points out, it is com

4、mon that people take lies lightly: their lies have caused them little preoccupation or regret. 2.Refer to Paragraph 3. According to the passage, the purpose of telling lies or white lies varies: women tell lies according to the principle of caring, or to spare other's feelings, and men tell lies

5、 basically for utilitarian self-promoting purposes. 3.Refer to Paragraphs 7-10. The story of Tom supports the argument that little white lies are ubiquitous, and people have taken such lies for granted, believing that they are well-intended. When he consulted with Michael Josephson, the reply is ver

6、y negative: his mother-in-law may feel hurt when she discovers the deceit some day. Or even worse, she may question: "And what else have you lied to me about?" In short, such white lies may produce mistrust among people. 4.Refer to Paragraphs 12-15. The consequences of lying are three-fold

7、: the deceived may feel cheated and won't trust the liar anymore; the liar will lose trust and get entangled in the lies he fabricates; and, if lies proliferate endlessly, society as a whole would falter and collapse as trust is damaged or destroyed. 5. Refer to Paragraph 16. Not all white lies

8、are unacceptable. Some falsehoods like setting somebody up for a surprise party or telling children about the tooth fairy can be justified. However, you have to consider the attitude of the deceived towards lying and the consequences, i.e. whether your act will undermine his trust in you.IV.Explain

9、in your own words the following sentences.1. When we start to tell a lie, we have entered a very intricate situation, as a lie often requires further lies until the whole structure of lies becomes so complex that it ensnares the liar.2. One is less inhibited from lying; his ability to make moral rig

10、ht and wrong judgments is dulled, and he may become less cautious against being caught.3. The most understandable and acceptable lies are those which are told for the sake of love and care at the expense of trust, according to the ethicists.Structural analysis of the text Paragraphs 12-15: the conse

11、quences of telling liesParagraphs 16-18: which lies to be avoidedRhetorical features of the textExample 1: 20,000 middle- and high-schoolers were surveyed by the Josephson Institute of Ethics - a nonprofit organization in Marina del Rey, California. (Paragraph 5)Example 2: Philosopher Sissela Bok wa

12、rns us that . (Paragraph 12)Vocabulary exercisesI.Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1. very important/shocking/traumatic2. avoid hurting the other's feelings/avoid doing something that would upset the other person3. telling the truth with a favorable emphasis or slan

13、t/modifying the truth4. a course of action which can easily lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous5. under any circumstances/whatever might happen(Some similar expressions: at any cost, whatever the cost)II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appro

14、priate form. 1. supportive 2. perceived 3. prevarication 4. astounded5. undermine 6. faltered 7. fibs 8. volunteeredIII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words. 1. unethical 2. feigned 3. unsparing 4. cynical5. confoundedly 6. lubricated 7. entangled 8. WillfulIV. Fill in t

15、he blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text.1. cover up 2. blurted out 3. set up 4. find out5. wear/wore down 6. specializes in 7. professes to 8. complimented . on V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense

16、it is used. 1. Synonym: evasion (equivocation) 2. Synonym: chronic (repeated)3. Synonym: common (prevalent, omnipresent) 4. Antonym: slightly5. Antonym: insult (reproach, criticize) 6. Synonym: distort 7. Synonym: growth (multiplication) 8. Antonym: strengthened (consolidated)VI. Explain the underli

17、ned phrasal verbs in your own words. 1. cancelled 2. overcome3. follow 4. fell into 5. make it more acceptable 6. feel unhappy about 7. removed from consideration 8. reserve for future useGrammar exercisesI.Identify the meaning of the words in italics.1. probability2. possibility3. intention4. possi

18、bility5. necessity6. possibility7. obligation8. probabilityII.Complete each sentence with what you think the most appropriate of the four choices given.1.C2. C (We don't use may/might in a question when they refer to possibility.) 3. B (Should is used after if to suggest a less strong possibilit

19、y.)4. A (I don't think he could have been there = I don't think it's possible that he was there.)5. D (Won't here suggests refusal.)6. B (In a request for permission, the speaker uses the past modal to show politeness.)7. B8. B (Could refers to a general ability in the past while was

20、 able to refers to a single achievement in the past.)9. A (Dare is used as a lexical verb in this sentence. It can be followed by an infinitive either with or without to.)10.A III.Rewrite the sentences below using the words and phrases from the box. 1.He can't have told us everything. 2. Somethi

21、ng must have gone wrong. 3. She can't be only thirty years old. 4. They may not know yet. 5. The road could/may have been closed. 6. The police must know that. 7. There may/could have been a traffic jam. (We don't use "can+have done" in a positive statement.)8. The letter could/may

22、 arrive today. 9. That will/must be my mother. 10. There should be time to do some shopping. IV.Rewrite the following sentences, using verbless clauses.1.When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends.2. When heated, metal expands.3. If true, it will cause us a

23、 lot of trouble.4. Whenever possible, they should be typed.5. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.6. Send the goods now, if ready.7. If necessary, ring me at home.8. He glanced about as if in search of something.V. Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the verbs given. 1.discussing, having r

24、eached2. paying3. Lying, sitting4. to pacify, to be pacified, grumbling5. repeat, to make, to do6. going, stay7. to see, to avoid, hitting8. to arrive, rising9. doing10. to make, to see VI. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the italicized parts in your sentences.1.

25、You're all put into different groups according to your ability.According to my dictionary, there are several meanings for that word.2. Whether you like it or not, it's going to happen.They will leave whether you agree or not.Translation exercisesI.Translate the following sentences into Chine

26、se.1. 最驚人的是，這些撒了數(shù)以千計(jì)謊言的人聲稱，欺騙行為并沒有讓他們十分“糾結(jié)或愧疚”。2.盡管如此，91%的參加者稱“對(duì)自己的道德和人品還是感到滿意”。3.毫無疑問，這些“善意的謊言”于他人無害且初衷良好，是不可缺少的社交潤(rùn)滑劑。4.如果你沒有把握，馬克·吐溫給過我們一條經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則：“拿不準(zhǔn)的時(shí)候，就實(shí)話實(shí)說。實(shí)話會(huì)迷惑敵人，震驚朋友?！盜I.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases given in brackets.1.Hamlet feigned madness

27、when he was hesitating what to do.2. Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to employ.3. Sometimes the light of the truth is just too dazzling, so white lies are ubiquitous.4. Many women in America profess that they are unhappy with their status as second-class citizens.5. On

28、the impulse of the moment, he blurted out the secret.6. You should get rid of any prejudice, resist temptations and let nothing warp your judgment.7. Being over-sensitive and imaginative, he often weaves a tangled web in his mind.8. He is very popular among his peers as he always tries to spare othe

29、rs any trouble.III.Translate the following passage into Chinese.美國(guó)有調(diào)查表明，大多數(shù)人出于不同的原因、在不同程度上說過謊。有時(shí)，他們說謊是為了讓別人高興。比如：裝出積極的態(tài)度來肯定朋友或配偶，實(shí)際上他/她內(nèi)心卻沒有如此認(rèn)可。有時(shí)，他們說謊是為了提升自己。這種情況現(xiàn)在越來越普遍了。有時(shí)，是為了避免傷害別人，當(dāng)未加粉飾的實(shí)情難以接受的時(shí)候更是如此。有人則把說謊看作一種必要的社交潤(rùn)滑劑。不管怎么說，說謊都是為了掩飾實(shí)情。關(guān)于說謊，不同的人有不同的觀點(diǎn)。有些人認(rèn)為，假話，即便是看上去無害的假話，也可能帶來預(yù)料不到的后果。一個(gè)人說了第一個(gè)謊話之后，他就需要說更多的謊話來掩飾最初的謊話，最后會(huì)變成沉重的精神負(fù)擔(dān)。一位哲學(xué)家警告說，如果一個(gè)人說謊，他就(等于)把自己置于一個(gè)溜滑的斜坡上，因?yàn)樗男睦碚系K減輕了。但是，另外一些人則認(rèn)為，我們不必不惜一切代價(jià)去避免所有善意的謊言，因