牛津高中英語模塊五語言點

1、牛津高中英語模塊五語言點 2012/8/10Unit 1 Getting along with others一、Reading1. betray: vt. 背叛，出賣，泄露 betray sth to sb: 向某人出賣泄露betray oneself: 露出原形betrayal: bitrel n. 背叛 He would rather die than betray the document to the enemy. She said she was sorry, but her eyes betrayed her secret delight. 她說她很難過，但她的眼神里卻露出她內(nèi)心的

2、喜悅。 an act of betrayal: 背叛的行為2. (Page 2, Lines 8-9) I must have soundedquiz, saying how easy it was. must have done: 一定做過 “saying how easy it was”為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。3. fail sth: 未能通過fail to do sth: 未能做 I failed my driving test the first time I took it. He never fails to write to his mother every week.

3、4. pretend sth: 假裝，扮作pretend to do sth: 假裝做 pretend that: 假裝 He pretended illness as an excuse. Tom pretended to be reading a book when the teacher came in. She pretended that she was not at home when we rang the bell.5. admit (admitted；admitting): vt. (1) 承認 admit (doing) sth: 承認做admit that: 承認 adm

4、it sb to be + n / adj: 承認某人是 He admitted having stolen that car. / He admitted that he had stolen the car. We all admit him to be a fool. (2) 允許進入，接受,錄取 admit sb to / into sth: 允許進入 Each ticket admits two people to the party. Tom has been admitted into Peking University.6. beg (sb) to do sth: 懇請（某人）

5、做 beg (sb) for sth: 懇請（某人）beg (for) sth: 乞討 I beg you not take any risks. He begged her for forgiveness. John was so poor that he had to beg money from passers-by.7. keep ones secret: 保守秘密keep ones word / promise: 遵守諾言break ones word / promise: 違背諾言8. (Page 2, Line 18) paper that said say: vt. 寫到，表明

6、；顯示 read: vt. 寫著；指示，顯示 The clock said it was 7: 30. I noticed a sign reading / saying “ No Parking!”.9. swear (swore, sworn): vt. & vi. (1) 發(fā)誓，宣誓 swear to do sth: 發(fā)誓做 swear that: 發(fā)誓 Mona swore never to return to home. Victor swore that he would get his revenge(復(fù)仇). (2) 咒罵，詛咒 swear at sb: 咒罵Rich(

7、里奇) tripped over a dog and swore at it.10. spy on sth: 監(jiān)視窺探 These days I have been spying on the enemys movements.11. focus: vt. & vi. 集中注意力于；(使)聚焦 n. 焦點，重點 focus sth on sth: 集中于 focus on sth: 集中注意 The recent wave of bombing has focused public attention on the area. I was so tired to focus on an

8、ything. The focus of the conference is on environmental issues.12. manner: n. 方式；舉止，態(tài)度C manners: n. (1) 禮貌，禮儀 (2) 風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣 in this manner: 用這種方式table manners: 餐桌禮儀Its good / bad manners to do sth: 做有無禮貌 He objected in a forceful manner. 他堅決反對。 Its bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 滿嘴都是食物說話不禮貌。1

9、3. guilty: adj. 內(nèi)疚的，有罪的be / feel guilty about (doing) sth: 因為而內(nèi)疚be guilty of sth: 犯罪 I feel guilty about not visiting him often. He was found guilty. 他被判有罪。 The boys were guilty of theft. 這些男孩犯盜竊罪。14. remark: n. & v. 談?wù)?，評論，談到 make a remark about sb: 議論make no remark: 不加評論remark on sth: 談?wù)搑emark

10、that: 談到，說起 She could hear others were making rude remarks about her. I couldnt help remarking on her youth. 我脫口而出說她那么年輕。 The boys were guilty of theft. 這些男孩犯盜竊罪。 Critics remarked that the play was not original. 評論家指出該劇缺乏創(chuàng)意。15.argue with sb about / over sth: 因為與某人爭吵 argue that: 認為argue sb into / out

11、 of doing sth: 說服某人（不）做argument: n. 爭論；爭吵；爭議；論點；論據(jù) We are arguing with each other over the holiday expenses. He argued that more importance should be attached to the reform of the criminals. They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. 他們說服他撤回了投訴。因為向某人道歉16. apologize to sb for sth: make an apolog

12、y to sb for sth: We apologize for the late departure of this flight.17. be sensitive to sb: (1) 對體貼 (2) 對敏感 She has been sensitive to his husband since they got married. A writer mustnt be too sensitive to criticism. 作家不可對批評意見反映過激。18. blame: vt. 責(zé)備，指責(zé) n. 責(zé)任，責(zé)備，指責(zé)Ublame sb for (doing) sth: 因為責(zé)備某人 bla

13、me sth on sb: 把歸咎于sb be to blame for sth: 某人因為應(yīng)受責(zé)備take the blame: 承擔(dān)責(zé)任 A bad workman blames his tools. 拙匠埋怨工具差。 Teachers always blame the students for their rude behaviors. You should not blame your failure on the difficulty of the paper. It is I who am to blame for the mistake. You cant expect Jerr

14、y to take all the blame.二、Project1. the attitude towards sth: 對于的態(tài)度 What is your attitude towards your schoolwork?2. anchor: v. (1) 扎根于； (2) 拋錨，停船； (3) 固定 n. 錨，支柱 drop / cast anchor: 拋錨be anchored in sth: 扎根于 They brought the boat into the harbor and dropped anchor. 他們把船開進海港下錨停泊。 We anchored the ten

15、t with pegs. 我們用樁子固定帳篷。 Literature must be anchored on our life. Home is his anchor when he is away on business.3. be cautious about sth: 對小心謹(jǐn)慎 cautiousness: n. 小心謹(jǐn)慎U These people are cautious about spending money. 這些人用錢仔細。4. be eager to do sth: 急于做 be eager for sth: 急于渴望 Clara(克萊拉) was eager to tel

16、l her side of the story. 克萊拉急于講述她對那件事的看法。 She was eager for success.5. respond: vi. 作出反應(yīng)；回答 respond to sth / respond that: 對.作出反應(yīng)；回答 She responded to my letter with a phone call. The doctor responded that he couldnt tell the name of the disease.6. response: n. 反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)；答復(fù) in response to sth: 以回應(yīng)make re

17、sponse to sth: 回應(yīng)make no response: 不作回答 The laws were passed in response to public pressure. He made no response to my question.7. regardless: adv. (1) 不管怎樣；無論如何（用在句末） (2) regardless of sth: 不管，不顧 You get a lot of criticism, but you have to carry on regardless. All our proposals were rejected regard

18、less of their merits(價值，優(yōu)點).8. end up: 結(jié)果為；以.結(jié)束 end up + 介詞短語adjdoing If you continue to steal, you will end up in prison. 你要是繼續(xù)行竊，終歸得進監(jiān)獄。 If he carries on driving like that, hell end up dead. 他照那樣開車，早晚得丟命。 Because he had made full preparations for the interview, he ended up working in the company.9

19、. be committed to sth / sb: ；忠于 This development area is committed to creating a perfect investment environment. 這個開發(fā)區(qū)致力于創(chuàng)造一個完美的投資環(huán)境。 She was strongly committed to her job, a policewoman by eminence. 她非常忠于職守，一個卓越的女警。因為與某人吵架10. quarrel with sb about sth: have a quarrel with sb about sth:We arent goin

20、g to quarrel with each other about a few dollars. 11. in conclusion / to conclude: 總之In conclusion, I'd like to thank you for all you've done for me. 最后，我要感謝你們?yōu)槲宜龅囊磺小?12. mercy: n. 仁慈，憐憫，寬容at the mercy of sb: 任由擺布憐憫某人show mercy to sb: have mercy on sb: leave sb to the mercy / mercies of sb:

21、 任憑某人受擺布 They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather. The terrorists showed no mercy the refugees(難民). He wont leave the cat to the mercy of the boy.13. get through: vt. 完成；通過；批準(zhǔn)通過 get through to sb / sth: 到達；接通的電話 get through a task / an exam. Millions of refugees will die if these supp

22、lies dont get through to them. With great efforts, I finally got through to the manager.14. acquaintance: n. (1) 熟人；泛泛之交C (2) 認識，了解U, C結(jié)識 make ones acquaintance: make the acquaintance of sb: of ones acquaintance: 所認識理解的on first acquaintance: 初次相見時 I am delighted to make your acquaintance. a certain

23、lawyer of my acquaintance. Even on first acquaintance, we could see he wasnt the right type. 初次見面就看出他不是對路子的人。Unit 2 The environment一、Reading1. debate: vt. & n. 辯論，爭論，討論debate sth with sb: 與爭論討論open a debate: 展開討論under debate: 在討論辯論中debater: 辯論者 We opened a heated debate about the bill(議案) with t

24、hem. The whole question of compensation(賠償) is still under debate.2. floor: 發(fā)言權(quán) open the floor: 自由發(fā)言take the floor: 開始發(fā)言have the floor: 有發(fā)言權(quán) The president then took the floor and answered the journalists questions. The senator(參議員) have no floor in the debate.3. Atimes + what 從句: 幾倍于 The company can

25、 produce 10 times what it did last year.4. cut back on sth: 減少，削減 We must cut back on the waste to save the environment.5. have a duty to do sth: 有義務(wù)責(zé)任做be on duty / off duty: 值班下班 Local councilors have a duty to serve the community. 地方議員有義務(wù)為社區(qū)服務(wù)。6. be greedy for sth: 貪圖 As we know, the corrupt offic

26、ials are always greedy for money and fame.7. credit: n. (1) 贊揚，認可 (2) 信用 (3) 學(xué)分C (4) 存款U；借款C creditable: kreditbl adj. 值得贊揚的，可信的 a creditable attemptgive sb credit to sb: 贊揚認可be in credit: 有存款 You should give him some credit for all the efforts he has put in. There are no bank charges if you stay in

27、 debt. The drama course should give me enough credits to finish my degree.8. a large quantity of + nU, C: 許多的 （作主語，謂語動詞根據(jù)該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞形式變化） Large quantities of + nU, C: 許多的（作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式） A large quantity of money has been spent on the research. A large quantity of books were donated to these children. La

28、rge quantities of time / cars were wasted.9. ask around: 四處打聽 I will ask around and see if anyone can help.10. pump: vt. (1) 用泵輸送； (2) 給打氣； (3) 傾注，灌注（into）vi. 涌出；涌流 n. 泵，抽水機，打氣筒 pump sth + 介詞 + n The heart pumps blood around the body. Pump air into a tyre. He pumped plenty of funds into the new proj

29、ect. 他向新工程傾注了大量的資金。 Blood was pumping out of his belly like a fountain. 血像噴泉似的從他腹部涌出。11. sth run out: 用光run out of sth: 用光use sth up: 用光 Lets hurry, our time is running out. We have ran out of what we had at hand.12. responsibility: n. (1) 責(zé)任U (2) 義務(wù)C take responsibility for sth: 對負責(zé)have a responsib

30、ility to do sth: 有義務(wù)做 He took full responsibility for organizing such an activity. Everyone has a responsibility to try out more methods in his study.二、Grammar1. 動詞 + it + when / if 從句： enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer，appreciate等動詞后接if從句或when從句，通常應(yīng)先在動詞后接it作形式賓語。It指代if從句或when從句所敘述的內(nèi)容。例如： She wont

31、 like it if you arrive late. 她不喜歡你遲到。 He hates it when people use his bike. 他討厭別人用他的自行車。 I dislike it when you whistle. 我不愛聽你吹口哨。 I prefer it if I didnt have do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，那就太好了。 I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能幫助我做這事，我會十分感激。2. impress: vt. (1) 使印象深刻，

32、打動impress sb with sth: 用打動某人給某人留下印象be impressed by / with sth: 因為被打動而留下印象 He impressed her with his sincerity(真誠). I was deeply impressed by his story.(2) 使銘記，銘刻impress sth on sb / impress on sb sth: 使某人銘記；銘刻在上 The manager impressed on his office staff the importance of keeping accurate records. 經(jīng)理讓

33、辦公室職員銘記做精確記錄的重要性。 His words impress themselves on my memory. 他的話銘刻在我的記憶里。3. impression: n. 印象，感想first impression: 第一印象make an impression on sb: 給留下印象be under the impression that: 原以為，誤認為 First impression can be deceptive(騙人的). It was their determination that made a deep impression on me. I was under

34、 the impression that you were coming tomorrow. 我原以為你明天才來。4. conflict: vi. 沖突，抵觸 n. 沖突，矛盾conflict with sth: 與抵觸沖突be in conflict with sth: 與抵觸沖突 Their account(描述) of the event conflicted with ours. Armed conflict is likely to break out between the two countries. They dont have religious beliefs(宗教信仰)

35、that would be in conflict with Linas choice.5. opening: n. 開口，孔，洞 開始，開端 the opening of a book / a speech 開張，開業(yè) the opening of the new sports center6. drill: v. 鉆孔，打眼 n. 訓(xùn)練，練習(xí) drill for oil: 鉆井探油 They are drilling a new tunnel under the Thames. 他們正在泰晤士河底下鉆一條新隧道。 fire-drill：消防演習(xí) pronunciation drills:

36、發(fā)音練習(xí)7. at a nation level: 從國家方面At the national level, Jamaica's disaster management program is managed by the National Disaster Committee (NDC) and its six sub-committees.8. in flames: 在烈焰中，燃燒著 The whole building went up in flames. 整棟建筑物在大火中燒毀。 The airplanes were shot down in flames. 飛機被擊中起火墜落。三

37、、Project1. raise concern: 引起關(guān)注在國內(nèi)外2. nationally and internationallyat home and abroad The great fire raised great concern nationally and internationally.3. range: n. 范圍；一系列；山脈；靶場，射擊場 vi. (1) (在范圍內(nèi)) 變化 (2) 包括 (3) 排列 a range of sth: 一系列.a wide / broad / whole range of sth: 各種各樣的range from sth to sth /

38、 range between sth and sth: 在與之間變化in / within range (of sth): 在（的）范圍內(nèi)out of range (of sth): 超出（的）范圍；在（的）范圍以外 We have students from a wide range of background. 我們的學(xué)生來自各種不同的背景。 She had different plenty of jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor. The great mountain range of the Alps: 雄偉的阿爾卑斯山脈。

39、a rifle range: 步槍靶場 The cat stayed well out of range of the children.這只貓離孩子們遠遠的。4. put sth in danger: 使危險 Corruption will make the dam in danger when heavy flood occurs.5. in / with regard to sth關(guān)于regardingconcerning I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints. She said nothing regarding yo

40、ur request. We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.6. be under way: 進行中 The plan is now well under way.7. appreciate: vt. 欣賞；感激；理解 I would appreciate it + if 從句: 如果，我將不勝感激。 appreciation: pri:iein n. 欣賞，感激appreciative: pri:ieitiv adj. 有欣賞力的，感激的 be appreciative of sth: 感激 His ability was

41、 fully appreciated by his employer. I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down. To show our appreciation for your work, wed like to give you a bonus. Im most appreciative of your generosity.8. let off: vt. (1) 寬恕，不懲罰 (2) 放（槍等），使爆炸 They let us off. The boys were letting off fireworks.9. p

42、ublic transport: 公共交通10. (Page 39, Line 20) You should find ways to use them again without throwing them away. without= instead of 11. absorb: vt. 吸收，理解，使全神貫注 be absorbed in sth: 專心于 Plants absorb nutrients from soil. Clever children absorb knowledge easily. Absorbed in his study, he didnt notice I

43、came in.12. do ones part: 盡的職責(zé) Everyone should do his part to make contributions for his motherland.Unit 3 Science and nature一、Reading1. (Page 42, Line 3) point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce 當(dāng)賓語從句是主從復(fù)合句，而且從句在前時，that不可以省略；當(dāng)賓語從句后的主從復(fù)合句中的從句在后時，that可以省略。例如： Father promised that if I s

44、tudied harder he would take me to Beijing. Father promised (that) he take me to Beijing if I studied harder.2. be on ones way to doing sth: 就快 He is well on his way to becoming an officer of the company. 他就快當(dāng)上公司的高官了。3. intention: n. 意圖，目的，打算 with the intention of sth: 懷著的意圖有意做have the intention of d

45、oing sth: have the intention to do sth: He went to the library with the intention of finding some valuable books. We have no intention of deserting the land we have occupied.4. adopt: vt. 領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，收養(yǎng) 采用，采納 adopted: adj. 領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的，過繼的 adoption: n. 領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，收養(yǎng) 采用，采納 Having no children of their own, they decided to adop

46、t an orphan(孤兒). adopted son: 養(yǎng)子 adopt ones advice.5. (Page 42, Line 24) If I had the chance, I would have 虛擬條件句：從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反If + 主語 + 過去式主語 + would / should / could / might + do與過去事實相反If + 主語 + had done主語 + would / should / could / might + have done與將來事實相反If + 主語 + 過去式If + 主語 + should(萬一) doIf + 主語

47、+ were to do主語 + would / should / could / might + do If I were you, I should tell him the truth. If I had money last time, I would / should / could / might have bought a car. If it should rain, the crops would be saved. If he were to leave today, he should get there by Friday.6. push ahead with sth:

48、 努力推進 After careful consideration, they decided to push ahead with the construction of the train station.7. consequence: n. 后果C as a consequence of sth: 由于 The sea level has risen a lot as a consequence of global warming.8. be in agreement with sb: 同意 Are we in agreement with the price?9. on a perso

49、nal note: 個人認為 on a + adj + note: 以的語氣論調(diào) He ended his speech to his employees on a humorous note. On a more serous note, the manager mentioned the accident last month.二、Grammar1. make a breakthrough: 取得突破 They have made a great breakthrough in scientific research.2. burn out: (1) vt. 燒光，燒壞；使累垮 The h

50、otel was completely burnt out. If he doesnt stop working so hard, hell burn himself out. (2) vi. 燃盡，燒壞 The fire burnt out before the firemen arrived. The clutch(離合器) has burnt out due to excessive heat. 離合器因為過熱而失靈。三、Task1. with reference to sth: 關(guān)于 With reference to your recent advertisement, Im wri

51、ting to request further details. 關(guān)于貴方最近的廣告，現(xiàn)特函查詢詳情。2. in reply to sth: 答復(fù) Im writing in reply to your letter of July, 1.如果你能，我方感激不盡3. I would be grateful if you couldI would appreciate it if you couldWe would be most grateful if you could confirm these arrangements immediately. 如果貴方能立即確認這些安排，我方將感激不盡

52、。4. follow in ones footsteps: 效仿某人 My father was a jazz player, and I wanted to follow in his footsteps.5. conduct: vt. (1) 進行 (2) 指揮 (3) 傳導(dǎo) (4) 行為表現(xiàn) conduct oneself well / badly: 行為表現(xiàn)好壞 conductor: n. 樂隊指揮；售票員；列車長；導(dǎo)體 a survey conducted by Professor Johnson: 由約翰遜教授進行的調(diào)查 conduct a band: 指揮一個樂隊 Copper

53、conducts electricity better than other materials do. He conducted himself far better than expected.6. majority: n. 多數(shù)，大多數(shù) a majority of + n(復(fù)數(shù)): 大多數(shù) （作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式） A clear majority of voters were in favor of the motion(動議). 絕大多數(shù)選民都贊成這一動議。 the majority: 大多數(shù)。它作主語時，如果強調(diào)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果強調(diào)個體其中成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 T

54、he majority agree(s) with me. The majority of + nC / U: 大多數(shù)。作主語時，謂語動詞根據(jù)該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞形式變化。 The majority of people have realized the importance of limiting population growth. The majority of the damage is easy to repair. The majority of + 集合名詞: 大多數(shù)。它作主語時，如果強調(diào)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果強調(diào)個體其中成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The majority of the population live(s) in the city. The majority of the committee have / has arrived. be in