虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的用法

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的用法虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的用法1. 主語(yǔ)從句中的用法(1) 在以 it 為形式主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 主語(yǔ)從句中表示建議、要求、命令等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用 should be 型或 be 型虛擬式，在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中常 用 be 型虛擬式。如：It s natural that she should do so. 她這么做是很自然的事。It is essential that we should tell her the news. 我們有必要告訴她這個(gè)消息。It is important that we should make full use of our mineral resou

2、rces.對(duì)我們來說，充分利用我國(guó)的礦產(chǎn)資源是重要 的。It is strange that the result of the experiment should be unsatisfactory.奇怪的是實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果竟然如此令人不滿意。It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight.希望一切在今晚準(zhǔn)備好。It was arranged that Mr Sam should go and help Bettie.他們作了安排，由薩姆先生去幫助貝蒂。(2) 主句的謂語(yǔ)為某些動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常用在 It is (was) d

3、esired (suggested，settled，proposed ， recommended ，requested，decided，etc.) that. 句型中。It is suggested that the question should be discussed at the next meeting.有人建議在下次會(huì)上討論這個(gè)問題。It is vital that he should be warned before it is too late.在還不太晚的時(shí)候警告他是非常必要的。It has been decided that the sports meet should b

4、e postponed till next Friday.已決定運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)延期到下星期五。It was requested that a vote (should) be taken. 有人要求進(jìn)行表決。2. 在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法(1) wish 的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式 動(dòng)詞的過去式表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)。如：I wish prices would come down. 我真希望物價(jià)會(huì)下降。I wish you would stop asking silly questions. 我希望你不要再問這種愚蠢的問題。I wish I knew his address. 可惜我不知道他的地址。I wis

5、h we could go with him. 我們要是能跟他一起去該多好。 had+ 過去分詞表示對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)。如： I wish I had known it before.我真希望我預(yù)先知道這件事。He wishes he hadn t been rude to his parents. 他真希望他沒有對(duì)父母無禮。She wished that she had stayed at home. 她想那時(shí)要是留在家里就好了。I wish I could have been there yesterday. 要是我昨天到過那里該多好。(2) would rather 等的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

6、詞形 式用 would rather(=would sooner) 和 would(just)assoon(=would sooner)等表示愿望，但其賓語(yǔ)從句 常用虛擬過去式。如：I would rather you came tomorrow than today. 我寧愿你明天來，而不是今天。I could do it myself but I would sooner you did it. 我自己也可以做，但我寧愿你去做。I would rather you had told me the truth. 我倒想你本該把事實(shí)真相告訴我。(3) suggest 等的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形

7、式 用 should 動(dòng)詞原形或只用動(dòng)詞原形的 that 從句，作為 demand, order, prepose, request, require, suggest,arrange, insist, command, desire, advocate, maintain, urge, direct, move, prefer, arrange, recommend 等詞的賓語(yǔ)。如： The expert proposed that TV should be turned off at least one four every day. 專家提議每天至少應(yīng)該關(guān)掉電視一個(gè)小時(shí)。The boar

8、d recommended that the company should invest in the new property. 董事會(huì)建議公司投資新的房地產(chǎn)。The committee has given instructions that the manager should fly to New York. 委員會(huì)已發(fā)出指示，要經(jīng)理飛往紐約。Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton ordered that James Van Metre should be released.陸軍部長(zhǎng)埃德溫M 斯坦頓命令將詹姆斯？范?米特釋放。He asked that th

9、e arrangements be made to help them finish the work.他要求做好安排，幫他們完成工作。Experiments demand that accurate measurements be made.實(shí)驗(yàn)要求做到準(zhǔn)確的計(jì)量。She insisted that we take up the matter at the meeting.她堅(jiān)持要求我們?cè)跁?huì)上談這個(gè)問題。 有些動(dòng)詞，如 think, expect, believe 其否定式 的賓語(yǔ)從句亦可用 should 動(dòng)詞原形。如： I never thought he should refuse. 我

10、萬沒想到他會(huì)拒絕。I had not expected that things should turn out like this.我沒料到事情的結(jié)果竟是這樣。3. 在表語(yǔ)從句中的用法 虛擬語(yǔ)氣也可用在表語(yǔ)從句中。 這種從句由 that （可省略）所引導(dǎo)，其謂語(yǔ)是 should 動(dòng)詞原 形 。 句 子 主 句 中 的 主 語(yǔ) 常 常 是 suggestion, proposal, idea, motion, order, recommendations, plan, impossibility, possibility 等名詞。如： His suggestion was that everyo

11、ne should have map.他的建議是每人發(fā)一張地圖。My idea is that the electronic device should be tested at once. 我的意見是這一電子器件要立即試驗(yàn)。 在主句中作主語(yǔ)的名詞常見的有： advice ， aim ， desire ， idea ， insistence， motion ， necessity， order ， plan， proposal ， recommendation ， regulation ， requirement ， suggestion， wish 等。4. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在同位語(yǔ)從句中的用法 當(dāng)

12、與同位語(yǔ)從句同位的是 suggestion 等表示建 議、計(jì)劃、命令等的名詞時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 should+動(dòng)詞原形，美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中常用動(dòng)詞原形。 They made the request that the problem should be discussed as soon as possible. 他們要求盡快討論這個(gè)問題。He gave orders that the work should be started at once.他命令工作馬上開始。The proposal that he (should) be dismissed was supported at the meet

13、ing. 大會(huì)對(duì)開除他的提議表示了支持。5. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法(1) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法 由 連 接 詞 whether, if, even if/though, whatever, so ong as 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)可 用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即其謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞原形。如： Whether the figures be accurate or not, they have to be rechecked. 不管那些數(shù)字準(zhǔn)確與否，都得重新核對(duì)。The earth is powerful magnet and all magnets behave the same whether t

14、hey be large or small. 地球是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的磁體， 而所有的磁體無論大小 其作用都是一樣的。They have decided to build a reservoir, whatever the difficulties may be. 他們決心建造一座水庫(kù)，不管有多少困難。I won t let you in whoever youmay be. 無論你是誰(shuí)我都不讓進(jìn)去。However hard the task may be, we must fulfill it on time.不管任務(wù)多么艱巨，我們必須按時(shí)完成。If the defendant be found g

15、uilty, he shall have the right of appeal.如果被告被判有罪，他有權(quán)上訴。 倒裝的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如： Come what may ， we will go ahead. 不管怎樣，我們一定要前進(jìn)。However hard it may rain ， we shall have to go. 無論雨多大，我們都得走。(2) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法以連接詞 as if 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句(謂語(yǔ)形式與 wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句相同， be 在第一、三人稱可用 was 或 were )。如：You speak as if you had really

16、 been there. 你說的好像你真的去過那里。Light often behaves as though it were made of particles.光的性狀，常常有點(diǎn)兒像由粒子組成的。He spoke to me as if I was(were)deaf. 他跟我說話時(shí)就好像我是聾子似的。(3) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法 以 lest, for fear that 和 in case 引出的狀語(yǔ)從句 (謂語(yǔ)多用 should 加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成)。如： Batteries should be kept in dry places lest electricity shoul

17、d leak away.電池應(yīng)放在干燥的地方，以免漏電。He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged. 他小心地弄那儀器，生怕把它弄壞。I ll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.我給你留一個(gè)位子，說不定你會(huì)改變主意。6. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 it is time 后的定語(yǔ)從句中的用法 虛擬語(yǔ)氣還可用在定語(yǔ)從句中， 這種從句常用在 it is (high, about) time (that) 句型中。 定語(yǔ)從 句常用虛擬過去式。

18、如： It is time we started.我們?cè)摮霭l(fā)了。It is time we set to work. 我們?cè)撝止ぷ髁?。It is time we left. 我們?cè)撟吡?。It is time we should leave.我們?cè)撟吡?。It is time I were off.我該走了。It s high time the weather improved. 天氣真該好起來了。但要注意：位于 time 之前的 high 起著強(qiáng)調(diào)“為 時(shí)稍晚”的作用。在非真實(shí)條件句中的用法1. 非真實(shí)條件句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式 條件從句結(jié)果從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 If I （we,you,he,th

19、ey）+ 動(dòng)詞過去式 （be 的過去式用 were）I（we） should.You would. He would .They would+ 動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反 If I （we,you,he,they）+had+ 過去分詞 I（we） should.You would.He would .They would +have+ 動(dòng)詞原形與將來事實(shí)可能相反If I （we,you,he,they）+ 動(dòng)詞過去式（be的過去式用were）/were to/shouldI（we） should.You would. He would .They would + 動(dòng)詞原形但要注意：美國(guó)英語(yǔ)的結(jié)果主

20、句，不管什么人稱，皆常用would 。2. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反條件句中時(shí)，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞的過去式（be的過去式用were），結(jié)果主句的謂語(yǔ)用should（第一人稱）或would（第二、三人稱）+動(dòng)詞原形。如：I am sorry I am very busy now. If I had time, I would certainly come to see you. 很抱歉，我很忙。如果有時(shí)間，我一定去看你了。If it weren t for their support, we would be in a difficult situation. 要

21、不是有他們的支持，我們的處境會(huì)很困難。if places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各個(gè)地方都一樣，就不需要地理學(xué)家了。If I were you, I would apply for the job.如果我是你，我會(huì)申請(qǐng)那份工作的。What would you do if you knew who broke the glass.要是你知道誰(shuí)打破了玻璃，你會(huì)怎么辦？Even if I had the money, I wouldnt buy it.即使我有錢也不會(huì)買它。3. 與過去事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在與過去事實(shí)相反的條件句中時(shí)，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用had 過去分詞，結(jié)果