英語(yǔ)期末考試試卷

1、命題（組題）人：黃萍 李雁 審題人： 黃萍 命題時(shí)間：2012.12 研究生院制學(xué)院 專(zhuān)業(yè)（領(lǐng)域） 類(lèi)別 （ 學(xué)術(shù) 、專(zhuān)業(yè) ） 學(xué)號(hào) 姓名 封線密重慶大學(xué)碩士研究生英語(yǔ) 課程試卷 2012 2013 學(xué)年 第 一 學(xué)期（春、秋）開(kāi)課學(xué)院： 課程編號(hào)： 考試日期： 考試時(shí)間： 120 分鐘題 號(hào)一二三四考試成績(jī)計(jì)分60%口試20%平時(shí)20%課程成績(jī)得 分碩士生B類(lèi)答題紙 英語(yǔ)班次：_Answer SheetPart I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, 1-15 30points; 16-25 10points)1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4.

2、 ( ) 5. ( )6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. ( )11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( )16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( )21.( ) 22.( ) 23.( ) 24.( )25.( ) Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )Part IV. Writing ( 20 poin

3、ts)(請(qǐng)寫(xiě)在背面，Please write your composition on the reverse side.)重慶大學(xué)碩士研究生英語(yǔ) 課程試卷20122013 學(xué)年 第 一 學(xué)期碩士生B類(lèi)Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements tha

4、t follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet. Passage One Psychologists agree that I.Q. contributes only about 20 percent of the factors that determine success. A full 80 percent comes from other factors，including what I call emotional intelligence. Following are two of the major qu

5、alities that make up emotional intelligence，and how they can be developed：1. Self-awareness. The ability to recognize a feeling as it happens is the keystone of emotional intelligence. People with greater certainty about their emotions are better pilots of their lives.Developing self-awareness requi

6、res tuning in to what neurologist Antonio Damasio calls “gut feelings”。Gut feelings can occur without a person being consciously aware of them. For example，when people who fear snakes are shown a picture of a snake，sensors on their skin will detect sweat，a sign of anxiety，even though the people say

7、they do not feel fear. The sweat shows up even when a picture is presented so rapidly that the subject has no conscious awareness of seeing it.Through deliberate effort we can become more aware of our gut feelings. Take someone who is annoyed by a rude encounter for hours after it occurred. He may b

8、e unaware of his irritability and surprised when someone calls attention to it. But if he evaluates his feelings, he can change them.Emotional self-awareness is the building block of the next fundamental of emotional intelligence：being able to shake off a bad mood.2. Mood Management. Bad as well as

9、good moods spice life and build character. The key is balance. We often have little control over when we are swept by emotion. But we can have some say in how long that emotion will last. Psychologist Dianne Tice asked more than 400 men and women about their strategies for escaping foul moods. Her r

10、esearch，along with that of other psychologists，provides valuable information on how to change a bad mood.Of all the moods that people want to escape，rage seems to be the hardest to deal with. When someone in another car cuts you off on the highway，your reflexive though may be，That jerk！ He could hav

11、e hit me！I can't let him get away with that！The more you stew，the angrier you get. Such is the stuff of hypertension and reckless driving.What should you do to relieve rage？One myth is that ventilating will make you feel better. In fact，researchers have found that's one of the worst strategi

12、es. A more effective technique is “reframing”， which means consciously reinterpreting a situation in a more positive light. In the case of the driver who cuts you off，you might tell yourself： Maybe he had some emergency. This is one of the most potent ways, Tice found，to put anger to rest.Going off

13、alone to cool down is also an effective way to refuse anger, especially if you can't think clearly. Tice found that a large proportion of men cool down by going for a drivea finding that inspired her to drive more defensively. A safer alternative is exercise, such as taking a long walk. Whatever

14、 you do，don't waste the time pursuing your train of angry thoughts. Your aim should be to distract yourself.The techniques of reframing and distraction can alleviate depression and anxiety as well as anger. Add to them such relaxation techniques as deep breathing and meditation and you have an a

15、rsenal of weapons against bad moods.1. What are gut feelings？ A. They are feelings one is born with. B. They are feelings one may be unaware of. C. They are feelings of fear and anxiety. D. They are feelings felt by sensible people.2. According to the author，the importance of knowing one's gut f

16、eelings is that A. one can develop them. B. one can call others' attention to them. C. one may get rid of them. D. one may control them. 3. The word “spice” in paragraph Six is closest in meaning to A. add interest to B. lengthen. C. make dull D. bring into existence. 4. On mood control, the aut

17、hor seems to suggest that we A. can control the occurrence of mood. B. are often unaware of what mood we are in. C. can determine the duration of mood. D. lack strategies for controlling moods. 5. The essence of “reframing” is A. to forget the unpleasant situation. B. to adopt a positive attitude. C

18、. to protect oneself properly. D. to avoid road accidents.Passage Two The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become &

19、quot;better" people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more

20、 obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Other find no stimulation in their studies, and drop outoften encourage

21、d by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselvesthey are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn't explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partl

22、y right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and watch

23、ers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experi

24、ences. Perhaps college doesn't make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn thingsmay it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps

25、 all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.6. According to

26、 the author, _. A. people used to question the value of college education. B. people used to have full confidence in higher education. C. all high school graduates went to college. D. very few high school graduates chose to go to college.7. In the 2nd paragraph, "those who don't fit the pat

27、tern" refer to_. A. high school graduates who aren't suitable for college education. B. college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis. C. college students who aren't any better for their higher education. D. high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college.8. The d

28、ropout rate of college students seems to go up because_. A. young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at college. B. many people are required to join the army. C. young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher education. D. young people don't like the intense

29、competition for admission to graduate school.9. According to the passage, the problems of college education partly originate in the fact that_. A .society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained graduates. B. High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education. C. Too many stud

30、ents have to earn their own living. D. College administrators encourage students to drop out.10. In this passage the author argues that_. A. college education is not enough if one wants to be successful. B. college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learning people. C. int

31、elligent people may learn quicker if they don't go to college.D. more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduates. Passage Three A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerpr

32、inting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully

33、in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses. DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revo

34、lutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to trove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or

35、 blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.The controversy in 1998 stemmed form a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and Daniel L. Hartl

36、 called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individua

37、l rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns methods are adequate.In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth

38、 K.Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional

39、 DNA samples form various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories.11. Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects_. A. would have to leave their

40、fingerprints for further investigations B. would have to submit evidence for their innocence C. could easily escape conviction of guilt D. cold be convicted of guilt as well12. DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when _. A .the methods used for blood- cell calculation are not accurate B. two differ

41、ent individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting pattern C. a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individuals D. two different individuals leave two DNA samples.13. To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method _.

42、 A. is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from two individuals B. is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA pattern. C. is not based on adequate scientific theory of genetics D. is theoretically contra

43、dictory to what they have been studying14. The attitude of the Federal Bereau of Investigation shows that _. A. enough data are yet to be collected form various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual members B. enough data of DNA samples should be col

44、lected to confirm that only DNA samples form the same person can match C. enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming form the same person 來(lái)D. additional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to deter

45、mine that two DNA samples are unlikely to come from the same person15. National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that _. A. DNA testing should be systematized B. Only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testing C. the academy only is authorized to work out standards for testing D. the academ

46、y has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing Passage FourA. Consumer behavior is the behavior that consumers display in seeking, purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their personal needs. The study of consumer behavior is the

47、study of how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (money, time and effort) on products and services. Consumer behavior includes both mental decisions and the physical actions that result from those decisions. Although some social scientists limit their understanding of behav

48、ior to observable actions, it is apparent that the reasons and decisions behind the actions involved in human (and consumer) behavior are as important to investigate as the actions themselves. B. People engage in activities for many purposes other than consumption but, when acting as a customer, ind

49、ividuals have just one goal in mind to obtain goods and services that meet their needs and wants. All consumers face varying problems associated with acquiring products to sustain life and provide for some comforts. Because solutions to these problems are vital to the existence of most people, and t

50、he economic well-being of all, they are usually not taken lightly. The process is complex, as choices must be made regarding what, why, how, when, where and how often to buy an item. C. Take, for instance, the product bottled water a multimillion-dollar industry. A study of consumption behavior in t

51、his area would investigate what kinds of consumers buy bottled water, and why, when and where they buy it. The study might find that, among some consumers, the growing use of bottled water is tied to concerns with fitness; and, among others, with the quality of tap water. It might find that domestic

52、 brands have a totally different image from imported brands, and that the reasons and occasions for usage vary among consumers. By contrast, a more durable product such as a document scanner would have a very different target market. What kinds of consumers buy, or would buy, a scanner for home use?

53、 What features do they look for? How much are they willing to pay? How many will wait for prices to come down? The answers to these questions can be found through consumer research, and would provide scanner manufacturers with important input for product design modification and marketing strategy. D

54、. The word consumer is often used to describe two different kinds of consuming entities; the personal consumer and the organizational consumer. The personal consumer buys goods and services for his or her own use (e.g. shaving cream), for the use of the whole household (television set), for another

55、member of the household (a shirt or electronic game) or as a gift for a friend (a book). In all these contexts, the goods are bought for final use by individuals who are referred to as end-users or ultimate consumers. E. The second category of consumer includes profit and non-profit businesses, publ

56、ic sector agencies (local and national) and institutions (schools, churches, prisons), all of which buy products, equipment and services in order to run their organizations. Manufacturing companies must buy the raw materials and other components to manufacture and sell their products; service compan

57、ies must buy the equipment necessary to render the services they sell; government agencies buy the office products needed to operate agencies; institutions must buy the materials they need to maintain themselves and their populations. F. The person who purchases a product is not always the sole user of