8冠詞的特指獨指和類指的用法

1、高中英語語法通霸1. 冠詞的特指、獨指和類指指的用法考點1. 定冠詞的特指用法定冠詞的特指用法：非常明確地指出何人或何物，相當(dāng)于漢語中的“這個/那個；這些/那些”，可以分為前照應(yīng)特指、后照應(yīng)特指和語境特指。A. 前照應(yīng)特指名詞帶有后置定語來修飾限定這個名詞，表明這個名詞是特定的某一個。冠詞在前面與后面的描述照應(yīng)。如：This is the book you lent me yesterday. 這就是你昨天借給我的那本書。This is the boy from England. 這就是來自英國的那個男孩。1. 【2015重慶】I just heard_ bank where Dora wor

2、ks was robbed by_ gunman wearing a mask.A. the; / B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the2. 【2014陜西】_ village where I was born has grown into _ town.A. The; a B. A; the C. The; theD. A; aB. 后照應(yīng)特指第一次提到某物某人時用不定冠詞，再次提到該人該物時用定冠詞。冠詞在后面與前面相照應(yīng)。如：I bought a book yesterday. The book cost me 20 yuan.3. This is _ egg. _ e

3、gg is big.A. a; AB. an; AnC. a; TheD. an; The4. There is _ bridge over there. _ bridge is made of wood.A. the; TheB. a; AC. the; AD. a; TheC. 語境特指不是建立在上下文的照應(yīng)關(guān)系上，而是建立在談話雙方共有的知識上。如：Open the door. 把門打開。Where is the book？那本書在哪里？5. 【2011山東】Take your timeits just _ short distance from here to _ restaurant

4、. A. /; theB. a; theC. the; aD. /; a6. 【2006北京】I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard.You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer.A. the; / B. the; aC. a; /D. a; a7. 【2008江西】I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy r

5、ain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; aB. the; theC. /; /D. /; a考點2. 獨指：指世上獨一無二的事定冠詞的獨指用法：世界上獨一無二的事物前，要用定冠詞。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the sky, the universe, etc.8. We can see _ sun and _ moon in _ picture. A. a; the; theB. the; a; theC. a; the; aD. the; the; the9. Its _ pleasure

6、to see _ sun rising in _ east.A. /; the; /B. a; /; /C. a; the; theD. /; the; the考點3. 類指A. 可數(shù)名詞表示類指時，有三種情況A horse is a domestic（d«ÈmestIk家養(yǎng)的）animal.= The horse is a domestic animal.= Horses are domestic animals.但是這三種類指方法各有側(cè)重：the指的是整個類別，這個類別是可以區(qū)別于另一個類別的 (多用于談?wù)摪l(fā)明物和科技問題)。如：The compass was inve

7、nted in China, but the computer was not. 羅盤是在中國發(fā)明的，但計算機不是。a(n)側(cè)重于指類別中任何一個的特點。如：A cat has four legs. 貓有四條腿。不用冠詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞側(cè)重指類別中的許多個體。如：Children usually start walking at around one year old.小孩兒一般一歲左右開始走路。Do you like horses? 你喜歡馬嗎？(不能說Do you like a horse?)在類指時如何使用冠詞要根據(jù)所要表達內(nèi)容的具體情況而定。The tiger is in danger of

8、 becoming extinct. 虎有滅絕的危險。(不能說“A tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.”。瀕臨滅絕指的是整個虎類，而不是任何一只老虎都面臨滅絕的危險。)10. _ are very popular with people all over the world, but do you know who was it that invented _ telephone?A. The telephone; /  B. Telephone; aC. The telephones; the   D. Telepho

9、nes; the11. _ trains are faster than _ buses.A. /; /B. The; /C. /; theD. The; a12. 【2012江西】The Smiths dont like staying at _ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.A. /; aB. the; theC. /; the D. the; a13. 【2011全國I】 It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn t

10、o stand up and fight like _ man. A. a; aB. a; theC. the; theD. a; /14. In China, _ car is becoming _ popular means of transportation.A. the; aB. a; /C. the; theD. a; the15. 【2009北京】 The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building.A. the; the

11、B. a; aC. a; theD. the; a B. 不可數(shù)名詞泛指時不用冠詞，特指時用定冠詞Water is a liquid. 水是液體。Music is an art. 音樂是藝術(shù)。The water in the bottle goes bad. 瓶子里的那些水變壞了。16. Since he has no sense of _ humor, Im sure he didnt catch _ humor in your remarks. A. /; theB. a; the C. a; /D. the; a17. It is known to all that _ lig

12、ht travels faster than _ sound. A. /; / B. a; aC. the; theD. the; /18. 【2008湖南】Have you heard _ news？The price of _ petrol is going up again!A. the; the B. /; theC. the; /D. /; /C. 抽象名詞前不用冠詞可以表示概念在可數(shù)名詞中，如go to school“去上學(xué)”，名詞前不用冠詞可以表示概念，用冠詞則表示具體的某一個，如go to the school“去那所學(xué)校（不一定是去上學(xué)）”。抽象名詞也是這樣。如attain

13、independence表達的是“獲得獨立”這個概念。the常譯作“這個/那個；這些/那些”q32995088519. 【2012全國新課標】 Sarah looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction. A. /; aB. a; theC. the; /D. the; a20. 【2013新課標I】India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle.A. /; aB. the; aC. an; /D. an; the考點4. 名詞有修飾語時，不一定都是特指I like b

14、ooks with hard covers. 我喜歡精裝書。I like the books with hard covers. 我喜歡那些精裝書。在第一句中，books是泛指精裝書這一類書，是類指。在第二句中，是特指，所以用定冠詞。在第一句中，with hard covers是描繪性定語。在第二句中，with hard covers是限制性定語，指的是那些書中精裝的那些，而不是別的。本內(nèi)容摘自高中英語語法通霸，打包下載http:/因此，名詞有后置修飾語時，名詞前用什么冠詞，還要從特指和類指的角度來考慮。21. 【2000全國】Most animals have little connecti

15、on with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the; aB. /; aC. the; theD. /; the22. 【2004北京春】On _ news today, there were _ reports of heavy snow in that area. A. the; theB. the; /C. /; /D. /; the23. As a consequence，_ fruits such as peaches and pears are in fact related, al

16、though they are different at _ first sight.A. the; theB. /; theC. /; /D. the; /I. 單句改錯1. 【2012全國】To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all out to plant trees because trees will help save water. 2. 【2011全國】One of my unforgettable memories of my school in Xinjiang is that of lunches we b

17、rought from our homes. 3. 【2006山東】As you know, Im still buried in books at school you are so familiar with. 4. 【2008全國】Second, I will learn more about history of the Olympics as well as the 2008 Olympic Games. 5. Who invented a computer? I dont know. 6. The meeting is about safety problems, such as

18、how to use the electricity safely. 7. We should obey the traffic rules. II. 語法填空（每空至多填三詞）8. 【2011福建】According to _ (科學(xué)家）, doing sport can benefit people a lot mentally as well as physically. 9. 【2008浙江】 Plants and a_, including humans, need food and water to survive. 10. I have to ride _ (自行車)

19、to work, but _ (自行車) you bought yesterday is too small. 11. He was addicted to playing video _ (game), which was why he dropped out of school.12. _ (cell phone) are popular with _ (學(xué)生), but they may affect their studies. 13. 【2008重慶】In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of tran

20、sportation. 14. In _(外國)，living costs are higher. 15. In short, _(書) can provide us with so many things. III. 寫作技能提升遇到名詞要考慮是特指還是類指16. 水對于我們生活很重要，因此我們要盡我們最大努力來阻止它被污染。（be important to, do our best, prevent from , pollute）17. 我家鄉(xiāng)附近那條河里的水已經(jīng)被嚴重污染。我們要求政府盡早采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣肀Ｗo它。（be polluted seriously, demand, the go

21、vernment, take appropriate measures, as soon as ）18. 都說老師們過著簡樸的生活，但我認為當(dāng)老師很有意義。（be said to, live a simple life, be a teacher, meaningful）19. 計算機在我們生活中扮演著越來越重要的角色。（computer, play a part/role in） 20. 我將乘出租車去醫(yī)院，因為出租車比公交車快。（take a taxi to, bus） 21. 錢對于我們來說確實很重要，但它并不代表一切。（do matter, be not everything） 22.

22、 在我看來，一個學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)心他的學(xué)業(yè)成績。（personally, care about, academic performance）23. 中午的時候在沒有任何保護措施的情況下直視太陽對我們的眼睛有害。（be harmful to, look straight at, without any protection）24. 我喜歡門大、窗戶大的房子，但是眼前有紅屋頂?shù)倪@一座不是我喜歡的。（house, with big doors and windows, a red roof, not my type）25. 【2015上?！拷诸^藝術(shù)家運用創(chuàng)意將鮮艷明亮的色彩帶進了老社區(qū)，(street a

23、rtist; bring; neighborhood)26.答案高中英語語法通霸20161.C2.A3.D4.D5.B6.B7.B8.D9.C10.D11.A12.C13.A14.A15.D16.A17.A18.C19.C20.A21B22.B23.C1. a改為the/this/that；這里的problem應(yīng)該是特指的。2. lunches前面加the；特指帶來的“那些飯”。3. 在school前加the；特指“你熟悉的那所學(xué)?！?。4. history前加the；特指奧運會的歷史。5. a改為the；類指，在科技上，用“the+名詞”表特指。6. 去掉electricity前的the；不可

24、數(shù)名詞不用冠詞表特指。7. 去掉the；在這里“交通規(guī)則”應(yīng)該是泛指，不用the。8. scientists；用復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指。9. animals；用復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指。10. a bicycle, the bicycle；前面是類指，后面是特指。11. games；game是可數(shù)名詞，用復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指。12. Cell phones, students；復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指。13. the, a；強調(diào)這一類與別的區(qū)別時，常用“the+名詞單數(shù)”表類指。means是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的可數(shù)名詞，“方式”。14. foreign countries；泛指。15. books；用復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指。16. Water is important to our life, so we must do our best to prevent it from being polluted.17. The water in the river near my hometown has been polluted se