高中英語語法 非謂語動詞 講解及其練習(xí)題

1、高中英語語法 非謂語動詞 講解及其練習(xí)題非謂語動詞是在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式，是動詞的非謂語形式。在句中可起名詞,形容詞,副詞的作用,在句中充當(dāng)主語,賓語,表語,補(bǔ)語,定語或狀語.即動詞的非謂語形式除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外,可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分3種形式：不定式，分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞），動名詞一、動詞不定式：（to）+do，具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。1不定式的形式：（以動詞write為例）否定式：not + (to) do（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之后，例如：I'm glad to meet you.The

2、patient asked to be operated on at once.The teacher ordered the work to be done.（2）進(jìn)行式：不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生，例如：The boy pretended to be working hard.He seems to be reading in his room.（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前，例如：I regretted to have told a lie.I happened to have seen the film.2不定式的句法功能：（1）作主

3、語：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.動詞不定式短語作主語時，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式置于句后，例如上面兩句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.常用句式有：1、It+be+名詞+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容詞+of sb +to do。4、It+

4、be+形容詞+for sb.+to do。常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評的形容詞，不定式前的sb.可作其邏輯主語。（2）作表語：Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.（3）作賓語：常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree,

5、promise, prefer, 如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補(bǔ)足語后面，例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.動詞不定式也可充當(dāng)介詞賓語，如：I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用，如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English.（4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：

6、在復(fù)合賓語中，動詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語，如下動詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外，介詞有時也與這種復(fù)合賓語連用，如：With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被動語態(tài)時，

7、不定式要加to, 如：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.（5）作定語：動詞不定式作定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系：動賓關(guān)系：I have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式為不及物動詞時，所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞，如：He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語：He is the first to get here.（6）作狀語：表目

8、的：He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首時，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.right：To save money, he has tried every means.wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.right：To learn English well, he needs a diction

9、ary.表結(jié)果：He arrived late to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：I visited him only to find him out.表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.表程度：It's too dark for us to see anything.（7）作獨(dú)立成分：To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.（8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do動詞。If you don't want to do

10、it, you don't need to.（9）不定式的并列：第二個不定式可省略to。He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.掌握動詞不定式應(yīng)注意的幾個問題：1 “to” 是不定式符號還是介詞，下列短語中的to 都是介詞。agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , l

11、ook forward to2 帶to 還是不帶toI have no choice but to give inI cannot do anything but give inI saw him enter the classroom .（ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）動名詞：動名詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。1動名詞的形式：否定式：not + 動名詞（1）一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。（2）被動式：He came to the party without being invited他未被邀請

12、就來到了晚會。（3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過這部電影。（4）完成被動式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘記五歲時曾被帶到廣州去過。（5）否定式：not + 動名詞I regret not following his advice. 我后悔沒聽他的勸告。（6）復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+ 動名詞He suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們再試一次。His not kno

13、wing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。2動名詞的句法功能：（1）作主語：Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。當(dāng)動名詞短語作主語時常用it作形式主語。It's no use quarrelling.爭吵是沒用的。（2）作表語：In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。（3）作賓語：They haven't finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。We ha

14、ve to prevent the air from being polluted. 我們必須阻止空氣被污染。注意動名詞既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語，如上面兩個例句。此外，動名詞作賓語時，若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則常用形式賓語it，例如：We found it no good making fun of others. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承認(rèn)），deny（否認(rèn)）, mind, permi

15、t, forbid, practise, risk（冒險）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop（from）,protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention

16、 to, insist on（4）作定語：He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路。Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎？（5）作同位語：The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那個山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged他收聽收音機(jī)新聞節(jié)目的習(xí)慣仍未改變。注意以下幾個問題：1下列動詞后跟不定式與跟動名詞作賓語意義有區(qū)別，

17、forget to do 忘記要做某事forget doing 忘記做了某事remember to do記住要做某事remember doing 記著做了某事mean to do 有意要做某事mean doing 意味著做了某事regret to do 對要做的事表示后悔regret doing 對做過去的事后悔cant help to do不能幫助做某事cant help doing 情不自禁做某事try to do 盡力去做某事try doing 試著做某事learn to do 學(xué)著去做某事learn doing 學(xué)會做某事stop to do 停下來去做（另一件事）stop doing

18、 停止做某事go on to do 接著做（另外一件事）go on doing 繼續(xù)做某事used to do 過去做某事be used to doing 習(xí)慣做某事2動名詞作定語與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語意義有區(qū)別動名詞作定語表達(dá) n+ for doing 的含義現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表達(dá) n+which(who) be doing的含義如：a sleeping car = a car for sleepinga running horse = a horse which is running前者是動名詞 ， 后者是現(xiàn)在分詞又如： drinking water , walking stick running

19、water , sleeping boy3 動名詞的邏輯主語：動名詞的邏輯主語為代詞或名詞的所有格形式。例如：His coming made us very happy .4 動名詞主動形式表被動的情況：need doing , want doing , require doing例如： This room needs painting . 這個房間需要粉刷。三、分詞：（一）現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。1、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式：否定式：not + 現(xiàn)在分詞（1）現(xiàn)在分詞的主動語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞主動語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，完成式表示的動作在謂

20、語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，常作狀語。例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作業(yè)，他開始打籃球。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)：一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的被動的動作，完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的被動的動作。The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。Having been told many times, the naughty boy ma

21、de the same mistake.被告訴了好幾遍，這個淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個錯誤。2現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能：（1）作定語：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語時，放在所修飾的名詞前；如果是分詞短語做定語放在名詞后。In the following years he worked even harder.在后來的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個定語從句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in th

22、e years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher.（2）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。The present situation is inspiring. 當(dāng)前的形勢鼓舞人心。（3）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：如下動詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, l

23、isten to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。（4）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語：作時間狀語：(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工廠工作時，他是一名先進(jìn)工人。作原因狀語：Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于

24、是共青團(tuán)員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。作方式狀語，表示伴隨：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。作條件狀語：(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就會浪費(fèi)寶貴的時間。作結(jié)果狀語：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎。作目的狀語：He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。作讓步狀語：Though raining heavily,

25、it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格： I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head 我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我頭上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開了。Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習(xí)。有時也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）

26、+分詞形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。作獨(dú)立成分：Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看，他一定是個演員。Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來，女孩子更細(xì)心。（二）過去分詞：過去分詞只有一種形式：規(guī)則動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。過去分詞的句法功能：1過去分詞作定語：Our class went on an organized trip

27、 last Monday. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會。注意當(dāng)過去分詞是單詞時，一般用于名詞前，如果是過去分詞短語，就放在名詞的后面。過去分詞做定語相當(dāng)于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。2過去分詞作表語： The window is broken. 窗戶破了。They were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。注意：be + 過去分詞，如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如果表示被動的動作是被動語態(tài)。區(qū)

28、別：The window is broken.（系表）The window was broken by the boy.（被動）有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動，只表示完成。如：boiled water（開水） fallen leaves（落葉）newly arrived goods（新到的貨） the risen sun（升起的太陽）the changed world（變了的世界）這類過去分詞有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。3過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：I heard the song su

29、ng several times last week.上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。有時過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補(bǔ)足語：With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他們出去玩去了。4過去分詞作狀語：Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.受到鄰居們的表揚(yáng)，他成為父母的驕傲。（表示原因）Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看見，人們就忘不了。（表示時間）Given more time, I'll be

30、 able to do it better.如果給予更多的時間，我能做得更好。（表示條件）Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.雖然被告之有危險，他仍然冒生命危險去救那個孩子。（表示讓步）Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充滿了希望與恐懼，他走進(jìn)山洞。應(yīng)注意的幾個問題：1現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?= Do you know the woman who is

31、 talking to Tom ?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country.2分詞作表語The news sounds encouraging .They got very excited .1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別：The news is interesting .He is

32、 interested in the news .doing 作表語，主語與表語是主謂關(guān)系 ；done 作表語，主語與表語是動賓關(guān)系。2）表語與被動式的區(qū)別：The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作）The blackboard is broken . Youd better have it repaired.（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）3）常作表語的過去分詞：amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased ,

33、satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done3現(xiàn)在分詞、動名詞 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別The situation in our country is encouraging . (表語)The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)My job is looking after the little baby . (動名詞)能回答how-question

34、的是現(xiàn)在分詞，能回答what-question 的動名詞，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging .What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby .4注意的四種結(jié)構(gòu)：have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have somet

35、hing doing 讓某事一直做著5分詞做狀語與不定式的區(qū)別：分詞做狀語表示時間、原因、讓步、條件、方式、伴隨等；而不定式表示目的和結(jié)果。Having finished the homework , I went home . （ 時間）Being a Party member , I should work hard . （原因）Given more time ,I can do my work better . （ 條件 ）He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. （ 伴隨）To get more knowledge , we m

36、ust work harder and harder . ( 目的 )He is old enough to join the army . （ 結(jié)果）6分詞、動名詞和不定式作定語的區(qū)別a running horse 現(xiàn)在分詞 = a horse that is runninga fallen leaf 過去分詞 = a leaf that has already fallena walking stick 動名詞 = a stick for walkingsomething to do 不定式 = something that I should do7不定式被動式、分詞的被動式和過去分詞的區(qū)

37、別：I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 將來)The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . （正在進(jìn)行）The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions . （ 過去）8分詞做狀語需要注意的一個問題：分詞與句子主語的邏輯關(guān)系Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 錯誤 )Seen from the hill ,

38、the city looks beautiful . （ 正確）Seeing 與the city 不是主謂關(guān)系；seen 與city 是動賓關(guān)系練習(xí)I . 用動詞的正確形式填空1. Little Tom should love _ ( take ) to the theatre this evening .2. Paul doesnt have to be made _ ( learn ) . He always works hard .3. The computer centre , _ ( open )last year , is very popular among the studen

39、ts in this school .4. Go on _( do ) the other exercise after you have finished this one .5. How about two of us _ ( take ) a walk down the garden .答案： 1.to be taken ; 2.to learn ; 3.opened ;4.to do ; 5.taking.非謂語動單選專練1._ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. To give B. Having given C.

40、 Given D. Giving2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. to be written B. written C. being written D. having written3.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A.to play B.play C.to be playing D.playing4._ in thought,he almost ran into

41、 the car in front of him.A.To lose B.Lost C.Having lost D.Losing5.When passing me he pretended _ me.A.to see B.not having seen C.to have not seen D.not to have seen6.The children insisted _ there on foot.A.they going B.they would go C.on their going D.going7.He still remembers _ to Shanghai when he

42、was very young.A.taking B.being taken C.taken D.having taken8._ the railway station,we had a break,only _ the train had left.A.Arriving at;to find B.Coming to;discovering thatC.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have found out9.With the boy _ the way,we had no trouble _ the way _ to Zhongsh

43、an Park.A.leading;finding;leading B.to lead;found;to lead C.led;finding;led D.leading;found;led10._ these pictures,I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Being and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful.A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.See

44、n;seen11.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.to have sailed B.to sail C.sailing D.sail12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air _ against your face.A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move13._ is known to all,China will be an _ and powerful count

45、ry in 20 or 30 years time.A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing14.While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded15.There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A.followed

46、 B.following C.to be followed D.being followed16.Please excuse my _ in without _ .A.come;permitted B.coming;permitted C.comimg;being permitted D.to come;being permitted17._ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then.A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding C.Having held;h

47、eld D.Held;to be held18.Did you hear her _ this pop song this time the other day?Yes,and I heard this song _ in English.A.sing;singing B.sung;sung C.sung;singing D.singing;sung19.The question _ now at the meeting is not the question _ yesterday.A.discussed;discussed B.discussing;had discussed C.bein

48、g discussed;discussed D.discussing;discussing20.With the cooking _ ,I went on _ some sewing.A.done;to do B.being done;doing C.to be done;doing D.to have done;doing21.It is no use _ your past mistakes.A. regretting B. regret C. to regret D. regretted22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing _ to he

49、r,only _ her five children.A.left;to leave B.leaving;leaving C.leaving;left D.left;leaving23.I am very busy.I have a very difficult problem _ .A.to work B.to work out C.to be worked out D.to work it out24.I would appreciate _ back this affernoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre callin

50、g25.Climbing mountains was _ ,so we all felt _ .A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired26.I saw some villagers _ on the bench at the end of the room.A.seating B.seat C.seated D.seated themselves27.She was glad to see her child well _ care of.A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking2

51、8.It is one of the important problems _ tomorrow.A.to solve B.to be solved C.solved D.solving29._ maps properly,you need a special pen.A.Drawn B.Drawing C.To draw D.Be drawing30.There is a river _ around our school.A.to run B.run C.running D.to be running31.How about the two of us _ a walk down the

52、garden?A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taken32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set. _ when I got home.A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealing C.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing33.Whth the kindhearted boy _ me with my work,

53、Im sure Ill be able to spare time _ with your work.A.to help;help you out B.helping;helping you C.helped;to help you out D.to help;to help you34.Greatly movedd by her words, _ .A.tears came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tearsC. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears.35.I hope the children wont touch the dog.Ive warned them _ .A.not B.not to C.not touch D.not do36.I