高中英語語法之非謂語動詞老師整理學(xué)生自學(xué)用

1、英語語法非謂語動詞講義在解非謂語習(xí)題時同學(xué)們遇到最大的困難有兩個：一是如何判別是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞；二是如何選用哪一種非謂語動詞及其恰當(dāng)?shù)男问?。例題一、All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. having considered (1998.6) 句子沒有連詞，說明所選結(jié)構(gòu)不屬于從句，那么就是獨(dú)立主格做狀語，根據(jù)動詞與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系為動賓關(guān)系，答案應(yīng)該是A。 例題二、The concerned mother th

2、rilled at the news of his son _ to college. A. had been admitted B. admitted C. having been admitted D. having admitted 消息表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是個事件，說明不是"被錄取的孩子"，介詞of后不可能接從句，說明of后為動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，答案是C。 例題三._tired of Toms all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself. A) To get B) To have

3、 got C) Getting D) Have got 一般來說，在句子中沒有連接詞的情況下, 逗號是無力連接兩個句子的。據(jù)此，首先可以確定 這是一個簡單句，非謂語動詞短語放在句首作狀語。依據(jù)非謂語動詞短語get tired of與其邏輯主語Julia之間的主動關(guān)系，以及謂語動詞與非謂語動詞所表示的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生，沒有明顯的先后順序，可以斷定應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作原因狀語,即“由于厭倦了Tom只說不做的工作態(tài)度”，故正確答案為C。例題四 The last bus (go)_, we had to walk home. Weather (permit)_, the spaceship will

4、be launched tomorrow evening. 這兩個非謂語動詞短語的邏輯主語都不是句子的主語，而是分別有它自己的邏輯主語，即“是 末班車開走了，而不是我們走了”,“是天氣允許,而不是飛船允許”，這種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)構(gòu)就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的主動關(guān)系,正確答案分別為having gone和permitting。 例題五The work (finish) _, they may go home. The problem (discuss) _ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors. 同樣，這

5、兩道題的結(jié)構(gòu)也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間的被動關(guān)系以及非謂語動詞所表示動作發(fā)生的時間性，可以判斷正確答案分別為finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在進(jìn)行)。 例題六 _ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him. A) Heard B) Having heard C) Hear D) To hear 依據(jù)非謂語動詞hear與其邏輯主語his friends之間的主動關(guān)系，以及前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，可以斷定用現(xiàn)在分詞形式來作時間狀語，再根據(jù)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作“聽說”發(fā)生在主

6、要謂語動詞“來”之前，由此判斷應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(只用作狀語時使用)，意為“聽說Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都來向他表示祝賀”，故正確答案為B。 非謂非謂語動詞的三種形式名稱形式用法不定式to do表目的、將來動名詞doing表主動及現(xiàn)在分詞done表被動及過去非謂語動詞的形式變化非謂語形式構(gòu)成時態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)否定式主動被動不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never（不定式的否定形式）完成式to have doneto have been done進(jìn)行式to be doing/完成進(jìn)行式t

7、o have been doing/動名詞一般式doingbeing donesb.或sbs doing作主語要用sbs doing/完成式having donehaving been done現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞變化形式相同在前加not非謂語語法功能的比較做賓語的非謂語動詞比較情況常用動詞只接不定式做賓語的動詞hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接動名詞做賓語的動詞或短語mind, miss, enj

8、oy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resistfeel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devo

9、te oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to兩者都可以意義基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具體的動作，接動名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為）need, want, require（主語與動名詞之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，接動名詞主動形式表示被動意義，若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動形式）意義相反stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事意義不同remember/forget/regret to do（指動作尚未

10、發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing（指動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）go on to do（接著做另外一件事）go on doing（接著做同一件事）try to do（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）try doing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）mean to do（打算做，企圖做）mean doing （意思是，意味著）cant help （to） do（不能幫忙做）cant help doing（忍不住要做）be considered to have done被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)做了considerto be認(rèn)為是consider doing考慮做某事做賓補(bǔ)的非謂語動詞比較分 類常見動詞與賓語的邏輯

11、關(guān)系及時間概念例 句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage主謂關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成I asked to be sent to the countryside.I heard him call me several times.have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make現(xiàn)在分詞notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel主謂關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行，尚未完成I found her listening to

12、 the radio.過去分詞動賓關(guān)系，動作已經(jīng)完成，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)We found the village greatly changed.做定語的非謂語動詞比較分 類區(qū) 別例 句不定式與被修飾詞往往有動賓關(guān)系，一般式表示將來，進(jìn)行式表示與謂語動作同時發(fā)生，完成式表示在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed.I havent decided which hotel to stay at.(介詞at不能丟)現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生the boiling w

13、ater / the boiled waterthe developing country/the developed countrythe falling leaves/the fallen leaves過去分詞與被修飾詞之間是被動關(guān)系，表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)完成或只表示狀態(tài)注意：the bridge to be built 將建造的橋, the bridge being built 正在建造的橋,the bridge built已經(jīng)建好的橋非謂語動詞高考考點(diǎn)【考點(diǎn)一】不定式作狀語不定式作狀語時相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，不定式作狀語時往往用來作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語或原因狀語。1不定式用來

14、作目的狀語：作目的狀語時，不定式的邏輯主語通常也是全句的主語，這里往往譯作“為了，想要”。To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成為贏家，你要付出所有并竭盡全力。 2不定式用于so.as to .，such.as to；enough to；too.to；only to等結(jié)構(gòu)中作結(jié)果狀語。（1）Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?你能不能行行好，借給我你的自行車？（2）He is such a fool as to think that his

15、strange behaviour can inflect others.他如此愚蠢以至于認(rèn)為他奇怪的行為會影響他人。（3）He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票處，結(jié)果被告訴所有的票已經(jīng)賣完了。注意：“onlyto do”表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，tell 和主語He 之間存在動賓關(guān)系，因而應(yīng)用不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語則表示自然而然的結(jié)果。 （4）His parents died，leaving him an orphan.他的父

16、母去世了，使他成為孤兒?！窘?jīng)典考題】1. There were many talented actors out there just waiting_.Ato discover           Bto be discoveredCdiscovered           Dbeing discovered2 Why are the students working so hard these

17、 days. _ready for the coming entrance examination.ATo get             BGetCGetting            DGot3 With Fathers Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents

18、 for my dad.Abuy               Bto buyCbuying             Dto have bought【考點(diǎn)二】過去分詞作狀語1過去分詞作狀語和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語一樣，修飾主句的謂語動詞，意義上相當(dāng)于狀語從句，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨狀況等。（1）Given the right kind of t

19、raining，these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars. 如果得到正確的訓(xùn)練，這些少年足球選手有朝一日可能成為國際明星。（2）Reminded not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. 得到提醒不要錯過1520的航班 ，他匆忙出發(fā)過了機(jī)場。2某些動詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，且往往用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu)中。此時這些過去分詞既不表示被動，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)，這樣的詞有：lost

20、(迷路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿著)，tired of(感到厭倦)等，不管它們作什么成分都不用其ing形式。Lost in the mountains for a week，we were finally saved by the local police.在大山里迷失一個星期，我們最終被當(dāng)?shù)鼐焖?。Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.專心讀書，他沒注意到我進(jìn)入房間?！窘?jīng)典考題】1. _from the top of the tow

21、er，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.ASeen               BSeeingCHaving seen         DTo see2 Michaels new house is like a huge palace，_with his old one.Acomparing  

22、            BcomparesCto compare              Dcompared【考點(diǎn)三】現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語1動詞的ing 短語作狀語表示在進(jìn)行一動作的同時所進(jìn)行的另一動作，它對謂語動詞起修飾和陪襯的作用。動詞的ing形式作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況。（1）Being ill，he couldnt go

23、 to school.因?yàn)樯?，他不能去上學(xué)。(原因)（2）My car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.我的車被交通擁擠堵住，所以延誤了。(結(jié)果)（3）As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not moving，and asked myself what I was going to do.(伴隨)當(dāng)交通路燈變綠燈時，我站了一會兒，一動不動，自問要做什么事。2現(xiàn)在分詞有：一般式、被動式、完成式和完成被動式四種形式，每一種形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not 構(gòu)成。一般式

24、(doing)表示主動的一般性的動作或者正在進(jìn)行的動作；被動式(being done)表示正在進(jìn)行的被動的動作；完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的主動的動作；完成被動式(having being done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的被動的動作。（1）Not having received a reply，he decided to write again.沒有得到答復(fù)，他決定再寫信去。（2）The old man，having worked abroad for twenty years，came back to his motherland.(work 與句子的主語The

25、 old man之間存在主謂關(guān)系，而且work這一動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前) 在國外工作了二十年，這位老人回到了祖國。（3）Having been scolded many times，he determined to study hard to catch up with others. 多次被批評之后，他決定努力學(xué)習(xí)趕上他人。3（記?。┯幸恍┕潭ńY(jié)構(gòu)，如：generally speaking，taking everything into consideration，judging from/by等，無論主語是什么都用這種形式作狀語。（1）Taking everything into cons

26、ideration，the result is better than expected.把一切因素考慮進(jìn)去，結(jié)果比預(yù)料的要好。（2）Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.從他說的話來判斷，他一定是一位誠實(shí)的人。4現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別：如果是意義上的主謂關(guān)系，一般用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；如果是意義上的動賓關(guān)系，則一般用過去分詞。（1）Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.從山頂上看，這個公園顯得更加美麗。(see 與主語the park之

27、間存在動賓關(guān)系)（2）Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個公園顯得更加美麗。(see與主語we之間存在主謂關(guān)系)【經(jīng)典考題】1. Dina，_for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.Astruggling          &#

28、160;     BstruggledChaving struggled           Dto struggle2 _at my classmates faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes.ALooking         BLookCTo look     

29、0;    DLooked3 _a written permission，he had to write another letter to the president of the university.ANot giving                 BNot having been givenCHaving not given      

30、;      DHaving not been given【考點(diǎn)四】非謂語動詞作定語1現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動作的主動和進(jìn)行。There are two roads before us，one leading to the beach，the other to the park.在我們面前有兩條路，一條通向沙灘，另一條通向公園。2過去分詞(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動關(guān)系，表示該動作的被動或完成。For breakfast he only drinks juice from fres

31、h fruit grown on his own farm.早飯他只喝自己農(nóng)場種植的新鮮水果榨出來的果汁。3動詞不定式作定語多表示將來動作。We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.我們被邀請參加下周五在我們俱樂部舉行的聚會?！窘?jīng)典考題】1. Im afraid well have to work extra hours，for there are still some problems_.Aremaining to settle       &

32、#160;        Bremaining to be settledCremained to talk about            Dto remain to discuss2 Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one _ first is the library.Arepaired     

33、0;      Bbeing repairedCrepairing            Dto be repaired【考點(diǎn)五】非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)1過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主語，該動詞與賓語之間存在動賓關(guān)系。（1）Ill have my house painted tomorrow. 明天我會讓人把我的房子粉刷一下。(被動)（2）（When I opened the door，I found

34、 the ground covered by fallen leaves.當(dāng)我打開門時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)地面被落葉所覆蓋。2現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主語，該動詞與賓語之間存在主謂關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的主動動作，即動作過程的一個部分?？梢詭в羞@種復(fù)合賓語的動詞有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他們使用電腦使交通暢通無阻?！窘?jīng)典考題】1. Listen！Do you hear s

35、omeone _ for help?Acalling               Bcall Cto call               Dcalled2 Alexander tried to get his work _in the medical circles.Ato recognize  

36、        BrecognizingCrecognize            Drecognized3 Its wonderful to hike with Dad and I have felt _with him.Ato protected          BprotectedCprotecting 

37、60;          Dto be protected【 考點(diǎn)六】have, get后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)have，get 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時，其中have，get表示“使、讓、叫”之意。1have sth. doneget sth. done 使/讓某事由別人去做(叫/讓某人做某事)Ill have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得(請人)修一下我的自行車。Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on

38、 holiday.2. have/get sb. /sth. doing 使某人/物持續(xù)做某事注意： have sb. doing 若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。I wont have you speaking to your dad like that. 我不允許你和你父親那樣講話。 3. have sb. do sth. 叫某人做某事【經(jīng)典考題】1 I have a lot of readings _before the end of this term.Acompleting        &

39、#160;  Bto completeCcompleted            Dbeing completed2 With the world changing fast，we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.Adeal               &

40、#160; BdealtCto deal               Ddealing3 Every year，Tom remembers to have some flowers _to her mother on her birthday.Asend                 BsentCsendi

41、ng              Dbeing sent非謂語動詞高考真題練習(xí)1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college.A. enter。mB. to enterC. entering。mD. entered2He ran as fast as he could _ to catch the early bus.A. to hope。mB. ho

42、peC. hoping。mD. hoped3.He spent every minute he could _ spoken English.A. practise。mB. to practiseC. practising。mD. practised4.Before going abroad he devoted all he could _ his oral English.A. improve。mB. to improveC. improvingD. to improving5. He knows nothing about it, so he cant help _ any of you

43、r work. A. doingB. to doC. being doingD. to be done6. All her time _ experiments, she has no time for films.A. devoted to doB. devoted to doingC. devoting to doingD. is devoted to doing7. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life.A. you flyB. your flightC. flig

44、htD. flying8. Not only should you get used _ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention _ your work well. A. to work, to do B. to working, to doingC. to work, to doing D. to working, to do9. Both of my parents insisted _ a computer for me, but I dont think it is necessary.A. to b

45、uyB. buyingC. on buyingD. in buying10. “Do you have anything more _, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”A. typingB. to be typedC. typedD. to type11. I dont know whether you happen _ it, but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September. A. to be heard B. to be hearing C.

46、 to hear D. to have heard12. _ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _ the beautiful scenery. A. Tiring; to admire     B. Being tired; admiring C. Tired; to admire      D. Tired; admiring13. Dont leave the water _ while you bru

47、sh your teeth.A. run B. running C. being run D. to run14. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be put C. to put D. putting 15. _ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.A. Having stolen    B. Having been stolen  C. St

48、olen      D. Stealing16. To answer correctly is more important than _.A. that you finish quickly     B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly      D. finish quickly17. You will see this product made in this factory _ whereve

49、r you go.     A. to be advertised      B. advertised C. advertise             D. advertising18. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _ the river.A. to have discovered B. to

50、 have been discoveredC. to discover        D. having been discovered19. Have you considered _ your job as a teacher?Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _ a gardener.A. to change; to be     B. to change; being C. changing; b

51、eing      D. changing; to be20. Mr. Green is said _ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.A. to do            B. to have done C. to be doing      D. to have been

52、 doing21. Seeing the soldiers well _ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.A. prepare   B. preparing    C. prepared     D. having prepared22.（山西省晉中市2009學(xué)年度高三年級第一次調(diào)研考試題，35）I walked out of the cinema, I'd never come back to this hell

53、 of a placeAdetermining Bdecided Cto determine Dto decide23.（山東省日照市2009年高三模擬考試，26）Every time he had a chance，he would talk about the great difficulty he had in the new country Asettled Bsettling Cto settle Dsettle24. （山東省濟(jì)寧市20082009學(xué)年度高三第一階段質(zhì)量檢測，32）There was a sudden burst of light a terrible noise.

54、Afollowing Bto followCfollowedDfollowed by25.（福建福州八中2009年元月高三調(diào)研考試試卷，30） in a red skirt in the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games, the little girl Lin Miaoke won the hearts of the people all over the world ADressed BWorn CDressing DWearing26.（福建福州八中2009年元月高三調(diào)研考試試卷，34）The problems at the meeti

55、ng tomorrow are really hard to solve Adiscussed Bto discuss Cto be discussedDdiscussing27.（唐山市2008-2009學(xué)年度高一第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測，20）When why he behaved that way at table，he made no replyAbeing asked B asked Casking Dto ask28. （唐山市2008-2009學(xué)年度高一第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測，23） ，Mom had a cup of coffee and a few minutes rest AWith

56、 her housework done BWith her housework being done CWith her housework doing DWith her housework to do29.（湖南省衡陽市八中2009年上期高二第一次月考試卷，31）The manager introduced the rules that she would like to see _ the next year.A. establish B. establishing C. established D. to establish30.（重慶市一中08-09學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末，22）_ in

57、 thought completely, he didnt even know what was going on. A. Losing B. Lost C. Having lost D. Having been lost【答案與解析解析】1. 【解析】其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是B此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動詞 do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(to enter a good college)是用作目的

58、狀語的，而不是與情態(tài)動詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語。2【解析】此題的答案是 C不是A，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語。3.【解析】此題答案選 C，這與前面動詞 spent 的搭配有關(guān)，即 spend (in) doing sth。若將此句補(bǔ)充完整，即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.4.【解析】此題答案選D，注意兩點(diǎn)：一是 devote to 是固定搭配，意為“把貢獻(xiàn)給”；二是其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，后接動詞時要用動名

59、詞。5. 【解析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選A。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu)：cant help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事cant help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事6. 【解析】此題最佳答案為B?，F(xiàn)分析如下：(1) devote 意為“致力于，獻(xiàn)身于”，主要用 devoteto或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，故后接動詞時要用動名詞，不用不定式。(2) 選A錯誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。(3) 選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語。(4) 選C錯誤：因?yàn)?/p>

60、all her time 與 devote 為被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。(5) 選D錯誤：若單獨(dú)看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒有錯，但問題是逗號前后兩個簡單句沒有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或?qū)將中的is 改為 being也可選它。7. 【解析】最佳答案為D。由于空格后出現(xiàn)了constantly這一副詞，這就說明不能選B或C，因?yàn)锽、C均為名詞，不能受副詞 constantly 的修飾。A和D均是可能的，因?yàn)槠渲杏袆釉~ fly。但若選A，you fl