【強烈推薦】高中英語語法——情態(tài)動詞總結(附帶練習)

1、情態(tài)動詞總結 I 情態(tài)動詞的特征：1. 本身有詞義。2. 不能獨立作謂語。2. 后接動詞原形一起構成謂語。3. 不隨人稱和數(shù)的變化。II 情態(tài)動詞各自的基本意義及用法：1. can 與could用法對比點can could1、表“能力”Can you lift this heavy box?I couldnt understand what he said at all.2、表“許可”You can use a different material instead.He said I could borrow his bike.3、“懷疑”No, no, it cant be tru

2、e.What on earth can this mean?We thought the story could not be true. How could you be so careless?4、can與be able to 區(qū)別1. could代替 can，表示語氣更為婉轉。 Eg. Could I use your bike? Yes, I can2. can (能夠)=be able to(僅表能力時)，但be able to 表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的時態(tài)。2.may與 might用法對比點maymight1表“詢問”May I ?(=Can I ?)Might I

3、?(=Could I?)(但比用may 更客氣)2.表“允許”You may take the boy there.He told me he might come. (might 與told相呼應)3表“可能”“或許”She may nor like this place.Im afraid he might not like this play.注：1. May I?的答語。2. may可表示期望或祝愿 May you succeed !3. may (might) 用于目的狀語從句?？隙ǎ篩es, you may.否定：No, you mustnt 不行 （語氣強硬）No, you ma

4、y not 或No, youd better not.The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.3. must與have to用法對比點musthave to1. 表“必須”（主觀看法）必須；沒有過去式，可用于間接引語中。He told me I must do according to what he said.（客觀需要）不得不，有多種時態(tài)。Its raining heavily, we cant go now.2. 疑問句Must I ? Yes, you must.

5、（一定）No, you neednt./ you dont have to.(不必)Do you have to go today?Yes, we do.You dont have to worry about that.4. need與dare用法對比點needdare1.情態(tài)v.+動詞原形 1）否定式 2）疑問式 He need not (neednt)go.-Need we do it again?-No, you neednt do it again.He dare not say so.Dare she go out alone at night?How dare you say I

6、m unfair?If he dare do that, hell be punished.I dare say. (固定用法)2.實義v. +to do 1）肯定式 2）否定式 3）疑問式He needs to go.He doesnt (does not) need to go.Does he need to do it again?No, he doesnt need ot do it again.He dares to say.He does not(doesnt)dare to say.If you dare to jump into the water from here, so

7、dare I .3. did not need to do表示過去沒必要做She didnt need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her children.(她沒有參加)5. should與ought to用法對比點shouldought to1、表“應該”表勸告、建議You should listen to the doctors advice.We should learn from Zhang Hua.“有責任有必要”做某事You ought to finish your work before you go

8、 home.We ought to help each other.2、表“估計”They should get home by now.“非常可能”的事，可譯為“總應該”If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch. 注：1）should還可在虛擬語氣中的使用2) 注意：ought to的疑問式及否定式-Ought he to go? -Yes, I think he ought to. -No, he oughtnt to. 否定式：oughtnt to do (不說ought to not do) 反疑

9、問句：oughtnt _?6. shall與will用法shallwill1. 征詢對方意見或請求指示，用于第一、三人稱：Shall I (we)? Shall he (she)? Where shall I (we)wait for you?1. 詢問對方的意思或向對方提出要求：Will you (please)? Wont you?Would you like to.? (would替代will更客氣)Wont you go and see the film?你不去看電影嗎-Yes, I think I will. 不， 我想去。2. 表示說話人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“強制”“允諾”

10、“決心”等，用于第二、三人稱。You shall do what I tell you ( to do).我叫你干什么你就干什么。Everything shall be done to save the ship.一定要竭盡全力來拯救這艘船。2. 表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各種人稱：I wont do anything you dont like.我不會做任何你不喜歡的事。Would表示過去時間的“意志”“意愿”Shylock would not take the money earlier.夏洛克先前是不肯要錢的。7. used to與would用法used towould1.表示過去的動作

11、、狀態(tài)，重在與現(xiàn)在情況的對比，不一定要有時間狀語。I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play.My hometown is not what it used to be.1.只表示過去動作的重復，有明確的時間狀語。I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.2.would 后只接表動作的動詞，不接表認識或狀態(tài)動詞He used to be nervous in the exam.2. 表示過去的習慣有時可互換：When we wer

12、e very young, we used to / would go skating every winter.3. 表示過去的次數(shù)時，不能使用：( ）We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young.( X ) We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young.注：used to do的否定式：usednt to do 或didnt use to do (usednt也可寫作usent)疑問式： Did you use to do ?

13、 Didnt you use to do? Used you to do? Usednt you to do?II 情態(tài)動詞表推測：1. 大多數(shù)情態(tài)動詞（除表能力、許可、意志外），都可以表示推測，其程度有差異。按可能性程度的高低排列為：must will would ought to should 完全肯定 完全可能 很可能 can could may might 可能 有可能2. 區(qū)分情態(tài)動詞的否定含義：may not或許不、可能不 might not可能不 cant 不可能mustnt不許、禁止 shouldnt不應該 neednt 不必3. 情態(tài)動詞表推測具體運用：情態(tài)動詞可以對現(xiàn)在、進

14、行、過去推測。S主+情態(tài)動詞 + be + adj對“性質”“特征”的推測S主+情態(tài)動詞 + be + n對“職業(yè)”“事物”的推測S主+情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形對經(jīng)常性行為的推測S主+情態(tài)動詞 + be + V-ing對進行著的行為的推測S主+情態(tài)動詞 + have + PP對過去的行為的推測情態(tài)動詞表推測時：1、can只能用于否定句和疑問句2、must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑問句其實就用can來代替了）3、如句中有情態(tài)動詞 + 完成時，定是對過去的推測 。4、句中如有表示不肯定的話語E.g I am not sure; I dont know 之類，常選may /might的各種形式。4

15、. 表示反勸的特殊的表推測形式1). could + have + P.P.表示本來能做到，但事實上沒有做到。He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.2) . couldnt +have + P.P.表示本來不能做到，但已經(jīng)做到了。She could not have covered the whole distance, but in fact she arrived ahead of time.3) neednt + have + P.P.表示本不必做的，但已經(jīng)做到了。She neednt have

16、attended the meeting yesterday, but she did.4. ) should/ought to +have + P.P.表示該做而沒有做The plant is dead. I should/ought to have given ot more water.5) shouldnt/ oughtnt to +have + P.P.表示不該做而做了。You oughtnt to / shouldnt have taken her bike without permission.5. 注意：must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑問句其實就用can來代替了）1. m

17、ust + have + P.P. 表示對過去肯定的推測，“一定是，準是”The road is wet. It must have rained yesterday.2. can + have + P.P. 表示對過去的推測（限于問句中）Can she have said so? 他可能這樣說嗎？3. cant + have + P.P. 表示對過去的否定推測He cannot have said such a foolish thing.III 情態(tài)動詞表推測的反意疑問句1. 情態(tài)動詞表推測的反意疑問句，簡單來說，就是以情態(tài)動詞后的時態(tài)為淮，如句子里有明確的時間狀語，則以其為準。2. 以

18、must 為例：E.g. 1. You must be hungry now, arent you? 2. He must be watching TV , isnt he ? 3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasnt he ?4. She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she?注：如選擇題中（以She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she？為例）既有didnt she又有hasnt she則以didnt she？為最佳答案。IV 情態(tài)動詞專項練習與解析( )

19、 1. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not( ) 2. Where is my pen? I _ it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost( ) 3. I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see( ) 4.

20、I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been( ) 5. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented( ) 6. He _ you more help, e

21、ven though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give( ) 7. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb( ) 8. Without electricity hu

22、man life _ quite difficult today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be( ) 9. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not( ) 10. Jenny _ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would( )11.

23、 We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study( ) 12. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should( ) 13. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B

24、. tell C. be telling D. having told( ) 14. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken( ) 15. Peter _ come with us tonight,

25、but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will( ) 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out( ) 17. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met

26、 my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come( ) 18. Shall I tell John about it? No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt( ) 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken(

27、) 20. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can( ) 21. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been( ) 22. Johnny, you _ play

28、 with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt( ) 23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to( ) 24. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They

29、_ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need( ) 25. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed( ) 26. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C

30、. I neednt D. I wont( ) 27. Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might( ) 28. Write to me when you get home. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can( ) 29. I was really anxious about you, you _ home without a word. A. mustnt lea

31、ve B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave( ) 30. Is John coming by train? He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may【練習解析】1C 從原題中You can keep it till next week if you like這一信息句可知，“你不必現(xiàn)在還”。2D 從原題中Where is my pen?這一信息句可告訴考生，“筆丟了”，丟的動作是過去發(fā)生的。因此用m

32、ust + have done表示對過去事實的肯定猜測。3C 原題中的yesterday這一信息詞告訴考生，在wish后的賓語從句中，用過去完成時，表示與過去事實相反的愿望。4B 從原題中的I didnt hear the phone.這一信息可以判斷出，用must have done表示過去事實的準確的肯定猜測。5A 從原題中l(wèi)ast Saturday這一信息詞可知，條件句中用表示與過去 事實相反的過去完成時，主句用would + have done。6A might have + 過去分詞，在次是虛擬語氣，表示“本來可以給你更多的幫助”，而事實則是幫助較少。7C 從原題中的yesterda

33、y這一信息詞暗示考生，該句應選用與過去事實相反的過去完成時，If it had not been for “要不是因為”。8D 原題中的Without electricity相當于一個條件句：If there were no electricity,故主句用human life would be quite difficult today.9A can可以表示一種客觀上的能力，本句cant，表示“不能，不會”。10B 從原題總的“I wonder why she changed her mind”“我不知道為何他改變了主意了。”這句話告訴考生Janny沒有守諾言。因此，用should + ha

34、ve done，表示“過去本應該做某事，而實際上沒有做”。11C 可參看10題。意思是：“昨晚本應該學習，但是卻去聽音樂會了。”12C 原題中的could不是過去時，而表示一種委婉、客氣的禮貌用語。因此用could提問時，用can回答。同樣用would，might提問，用will和may回答。注意 Would you rather do such a thing? Yes, I would. Would you like some tea? Yes, I would.這兩個對話中的would rather，would like是慣用法，故不能用will來回答。因為在這兩個句型中，will不能去

35、替換would。13A 可參看10、15題。該句意思是：“湯姆本來不該告訴我你的秘密，但他沒有傷害你的意思?！眔ught not to have done = shouldnt have done14B 從答語中的Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately這一信息句可提示考生，條件句應填表示與過去事實相反的時態(tài)。15B 從原題中的but he isnt very sure yet這一信息句可暗示考生，Peter當晚來的可能性不大。A是“準來，肯定來”，D是“將要來”。16C 可參看10、11、13題?！氨緫摗倍聦嵣蠜]有17D 從原題中I didnt see your sister at the m