高一(6)動(dòng)名詞

1、 高一英語(yǔ)暑期復(fù)習(xí)材料（6）詞匯鞏固I. 單詞拼寫(xiě)1. Its very _ (稀罕的) to find these birds in England in winter.2. The Habsburg _ (王朝) ruled in Austria for centuries.3. There was a choice of four prizes, and the winner could s_ one of them.4. The magazine will appear in a new _ (設(shè)計(jì)) from next month.5. For a moment Jim d

2、id not _ (移動(dòng)) his eyes from her face.6. Mary was able to provide the police with some _ (value) information.7. The _ (amaze) thing is that it was kept secret for so long.8. When will they finish the _ (decorate) of the bathroom?9. Whoever made this cake is a real _ (art).10. A _ (wood) chair is more

3、 comfortable than a metal one.11. The policemen are still searching for _ (survive) of the plane crash.12. Where will we meet?At the e_ to the theatre.13. The Titanic was a passenger ship which s_ to the bottom of the ocean in 1912. 14. A scientist must produce _ (證據(jù)) in support of a theory.15. Ther

4、e was much lively _ (爭(zhēng)論) about whether women should spend more time in the home.16. By the time the case comes to _ (審判), he will have spent a year in prison.17. The fire was thought to have been caused by a gas _ (explode).18. Two thousand British _ (sail) lost their lives when the ship went down.

5、19. Its an outdoor party, so you can wear _ (formal) clothes. 20. Scientists are _ a cure for the disease.II選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語(yǔ)，并用其正確形式填空belong to, at war, less than, in return, in search of1. My grandmother is always helping people without expecting anything _.2. I _ a football club and play football every

6、Saturday.3. Its not far; itll take _ an hour to get there. 4. Where were you when the two countries were _? 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2 動(dòng)名詞定義：動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式，兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特征，它可以帶賓語(yǔ)，也能被狀語(yǔ)修飾。動(dòng)名詞接賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化?；拘问剑河蓜?dòng)詞原形家詞尾-ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同。動(dòng)名詞已經(jīng)名詞化了，而現(xiàn)在分詞常表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：a sleeping chair 躺/睡椅（動(dòng)名詞，表用途） a sleeping

7、child 正在睡覺(jué)的孩子（現(xiàn)在分詞，表狀態(tài)）一、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。1、 作主語(yǔ)1） 直接位于句首做主語(yǔ)。Reading is an art. 讀書(shū)是一種藝術(shù)。  Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 在這種工作條件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。注意：動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為

8、單數(shù)2）用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞(真實(shí)主語(yǔ))置于句尾作后置主語(yǔ)。It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 勸說(shuō)這樣的人加入真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上這種擁擠的車真難。It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用

9、，常用句型：It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a pleasure + v.ing  注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容詞后面不用動(dòng)名詞（常用不定式）。3） 用于“There be”結(jié)構(gòu)中。There is no saying when he'll come.很難說(shuō)他何時(shí)回來(lái)。There is no joking about such ma

10、tters. 對(duì)這種事情不是開(kāi)玩笑。There is no holding back the wheel of history. 歷史的車輪不可阻擋。常用句型：There is no + v.ing = It is impossible to do 注意：在“There be”句型中，只能用動(dòng)名詞，而不能用不定式作主語(yǔ)。4） 用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。No smoking (=No smoking is allowed (here). 禁止吸煙。   No parking. 禁止停車。5） 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)

11、構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？梢栽谇懊婕由弦粋€(gè)物主代詞或名詞所有格，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語(yǔ)。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他們前來(lái)幫忙對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是極大的鼓舞。Lao Lis going there wont be of much help. 老李去不會(huì)有多大幫助。2、作賓語(yǔ)（1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)*某些動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能用不定式。常見(jiàn)的此類動(dòng)詞有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid,

12、consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推遲)，deny(否認(rèn)), appreciate (欣賞，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, cant stand, put off, give up等。如：Would you mind opening the window?把窗戶打開(kāi)好嗎？She suggested going to the Great Wall for the sprin

13、g outing. 她建議去長(zhǎng)城春游。Seeing the picture, he couldnt help laughing. 看了這幅畫(huà)，他禁不住大笑起來(lái)。Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.每當(dāng)馬克違反交通規(guī)則時(shí)，他常常企圖逃避罰款的處分。*在下面這種結(jié)構(gòu)中也可以用動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）做賓語(yǔ)：find/think/consider + it（形式賓語(yǔ)） + no use/no good/useless + v.ing（真正賓語(yǔ)）.I fou

14、nd it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海灘上走真是樂(lè)事。Do you consider it any good trying again? 你認(rèn)為再試一次有好處嗎？*形容詞worth后也可接動(dòng)名詞，作為復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)。The music is well worth listening to more than once. 這種曲子很值得多聽(tīng)?zhēng)妆?。?）作介詞的賓語(yǔ)*能接動(dòng)名詞的短語(yǔ)有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stopfrom, de

15、pend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend(in), feel like, preferto, instead of, in case of等等。We are thinking of

16、making a new plan for the next term. 我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我們休息呢還是開(kāi)始干活？Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time. 安好久以來(lái)就盼望著來(lái)中國(guó)。*在下面的結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞in?？墒÷裕海?）S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a

17、hard time + (in) +v.ing（2）S + spend time/money + (in) +V.ing（3）S + be busy + (in) +V.ing（4）S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing （立即 ）We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet. 我們正為馬上到來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)忙著做準(zhǔn)備。Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English? 要聽(tīng)懂英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)你有困難嗎？3、作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作表

18、語(yǔ)時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)常是表示無(wú)生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞與主語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可互換位置。Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)4、作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如：a walking stick&#

19、160;a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washinga reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for readingsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping二、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞稱為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的

20、邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，要在動(dòng)名詞之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，這便構(gòu)成了動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中物主代詞（名詞所有格）是邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞是邏輯上的謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句。如：Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他來(lái)幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)    Janes being careless caused so much tr

21、ouble. 簡(jiǎn)的粗心惹來(lái)了不少麻煩。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)Whats troubling them is their not having enough food. 煩擾他們的是食物不足。 (=Whats troubling them is that they have not enough food.)在口語(yǔ)中，如果動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格常用名詞普通格來(lái)代替，但在句首作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能這樣來(lái)代替。如：Would you mind my/m

22、e using your computer? 用下你的電腦介意嗎？The father insisted on his sons/his son going to college. 爸爸堅(jiān)決要求兒子上大學(xué)。Marys (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 瑪麗病了，使她媽媽很著急。His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽煙使他一家人非常生氣。例：I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.Ayou to call 

23、; Byou call  Cyou calling  Dyoure calling在下列情況下動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓語(yǔ)：a.無(wú)命名詞The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 這個(gè)嬰兒被猛烈的關(guān)門(mén)聲吵醒。b. 有生命名詞但表示泛指意義Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)婦女練拳擊嗎？c. 兩個(gè)以上的有生命名詞并列Do you remember you

24、r parents and me telling about this? 你記得你父母和我都告訴過(guò)你這事嗎？三、動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done（一）時(shí)態(tài)1、動(dòng)名詞一般式：表示的動(dòng)作通常是一般性動(dòng)作，即不是明確地發(fā)生在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作，或是與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I hate talking with such people. 我討厭與這樣的人說(shuō)話。Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。2

25、、動(dòng)名詞的完成式：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。I dont remember having met him before. 我記不得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)他。Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 謝謝你費(fèi)力幫忙。He denied having taken any money from the cash register. 他否認(rèn)從現(xiàn)金出納機(jī)里拿了錢(qián)。（二）語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)同時(shí)也是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)名詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（1）它的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在其后發(fā)生。如：I dont l

26、ike being laughed at in public. 在公共場(chǎng)合下，我不喜歡被別人嘲笑。He came in without being asked. 沒(méi)有誰(shuí)請(qǐng)他進(jìn)來(lái)他自己進(jìn)來(lái)了。（2）它的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。如：I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高興你能獲得這樣的獎(jiǎng)牌。（3）在某些動(dòng)詞，我們常用動(dòng)名詞的一般式表示完成式，盡管動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，這似乎是一種強(qiáng)大的習(xí)慣。如：Excuse me for being late. 我來(lái)晚

27、了請(qǐng)你原諒。I dont remember ever meeting somewhere. 我記不得原來(lái)在什么地方見(jiàn)過(guò)。Thank you for giving us so much help. 謝謝給我們這么大的幫助。（4）在多數(shù)情況下都避免使用動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子顯得累贅，尤其是在口語(yǔ)中。如：I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被帶到過(guò)這個(gè)動(dòng)物園，可我忘了。四、動(dòng)名詞的否定式：not + V.ingI regret not being ab

28、le to help you. 我很抱歉不能幫助你。I apologize for not having waited for you. 沒(méi)有等你，我向你表示歉意。五、動(dòng)名詞與動(dòng)詞不定式的區(qū)別：1. 作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)：動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以用作主語(yǔ)，在意義上相近，但動(dòng)名詞多用來(lái)表示泛指的抽象的動(dòng)作或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；不定式多用來(lái)表示特指或具體的動(dòng)作，特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。比較：Smoking is not good for health.   It is not good for you to smoke so much.My job is

29、teaching English.Our task now is to increase food production. 我們現(xiàn)在的任務(wù)是增加糧食產(chǎn)量。2. 在like, hate, prefer等動(dòng)詞后：如果表示一般傾向，多用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)；如指特定的或具體的某次行為，用不定式更多一些。I like reading books in my spare time.I like to read that book.They prefer walking to cycling.He prefers to stay at home today.3. 有些動(dòng)詞后即可用動(dòng)名

30、詞也可以不定式做賓語(yǔ)（如like, love, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, want, need, stop, remember, forget, try, attempt等）。有時(shí)區(qū)別不大，如：Lets continue working/to work.When did you begin learning/to learn English?但有時(shí)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)之間含義不同，如remember, forget, regret, try, stop, mean, go on等。He tried speaking English to us. 

31、;他試著用英語(yǔ)和我們講話。Please try to do it better next time. 下次請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)法做得更好些。This means setting out at once. 這意味著立即出發(fā)。He really meant to come. 他確實(shí)打算來(lái)的。4. 在表示“需要”意思的want, need, require, deserve等動(dòng)詞后：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)表事物時(shí)，其后既可用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)含義。My watch needs repairing/to be repaired.The house wants cleani

32、ng/to be cleaned.The way deserves mentioning/to be mentioned.These young trees will require looking after/to be looked after carefully.5. 在allow, permit, advise, recommend, consider, forbid等詞后，常用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，用不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。We dont allow smoking here.Her mother doesnt allow her to stay up late.注意：Seeing i

33、s believing. / To see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。練習(xí)選擇最佳選項(xiàng)1） Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A）having been fined    B） to have been fined    C） to be fined     D） being fined2）I r

34、eally appreciate _ to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself.A） you to offer     B） that you offer    C） your offering     D） that you are offering3） The thief took away the womans wallet without _.A） be

35、ing seen       B） seeing     C） him seeing      D） seeing him4） No one can avoid _ by advertisements.A） to be influenced     B） being influenced  C）&#

36、160;influencing      D）having influenced5） They are considering _ before the prices go up.A） of buying the house   B） with buying the houseC） buying the house      D） to buy the house6） If I had

37、remembered _ the door, the things would not have been stolen.A） to lock       B） locking      C） to have locked      D）having locked7） My transistor radio isnt working. It _.A）

38、0;need repairing      B） needs to repair    C） needs repairing     D） need to be repaired8） It is no use _ me not to worry.A） you tell     B） your telling  

39、0; C） for you to have told      D）having told9） He is very busy _ his papers. He is far too busy _ callers.A） to write; to receive   B） writing; to receive C） writing; receiving       D

40、） to write  for receiving10）The suspect at last admitted _ stolen goods but denied _ them.A） receiving; selling     B） to receive; to sell C） to receiving; to selling     D） to have received; to have sold11） She apo

41、logized for _ to come.A） her not being able    B） her being not able C） not being able      D） that shes not able to12） Please stop _, boys, I have something important to _ you.A） saying; talk B） telling;&

42、#160;say C） talking; speakD） talking; tell13） Tony, would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty _ his tape recorder?A） to fix B） fixing C） for fixing D） fix14）I remember _ to help us if we ever got in trouble.A） once offering   

43、0;B） him once offering   C） him to offer    D） to offer him15）John regretted _ to the meeting last week.A） not going    B） not to go   C） not having been going    D） not to be

44、 going16） Do you feel like _ out or would you rather _ dinner at home?A） going; to have   B） to go; to have   C） to go; having   D） going; have17） We had some trouble _ the house and nobody seemed _where it was。A） in fin

45、ding; knowing     B） finding; to know C） to find; knowing          D） to find; to know19）It is no good _ remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you have learned.A） trying to   

46、;  B） to try to    C） try to      D） tried to20）I dont like _ at me.A） them laughing      B） their laugh    C） them laugh     D） them t

47、o have laughed21）We suggested _ in hotels but the children were anxious _ out。A） sleeping; to camp     B） sleeping; camping C） to sleep; to camp      D） to sleep; camping22）The match was cancelled because most of the members

48、_ a match without a standard court.A） objected to having     B） were objected to have C） objected to have      D） were objected to having23）After _ him better, I regretted _ him unfairly.A） getting to know; to judge

49、     B） getting to know; to have judgedC） getting to have know; judging    D） getting to know; having judged24）He is looking forward to _ his holiday in Britain.A） spend      B） have spent  

50、   C） spending      D）having been spending25） Why were you so late for work today? _ to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.A） Driving      B） I drove     C）

51、60;To drive      D） That I drove26）It was impolite of him _without _goodbye.A） to leave, saying   B） leaving, to say  C） to leave, to say   D） leaving, saying27） He kept _to his pa

52、rents。A） putting off to write   B） to put off to write  C） putting off writing  D） to put off writing用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. They all enjoyed _ (learn) to skate.2. Have you finished _ (read) the book?3. He wouldnt consider _ (make) these changes.4. Jack ha

53、s just given up _ (smoke).5. Peter kept on _ (ask) questions.6. She didnt mind _ (work) over time.7. We cant postpone _ (answer) that letter any longer.8. On _ (arrive) at the village he found tractors working in the fields.9. Besides _ (read), he is fond of _ (dance) and _ (snake).10. Instead of _(

54、go) to the concert, she went to an exhibition.完形填空Once upon a time, there was a poor man. His  41  was also very poor a small and empty house, which was  42  with spider webs (蜘蛛網(wǎng)). People tried to  43  coming into his house as they didnt want to come to such a  44

55、  place. And the poor man thought that poverty (貧困) was the  45  for his unlucky life.Then, the poor man  46  a wise man and told him about his poverty. The man felt sorry for the poor man and gave him a vase (花瓶). “This will save you from  47 ,” the wise man  48 .

56、 The poor man took the  49  from the wise man and wanted to  50  it at first and then spend the money on drinking, as usual. Besides, why would he  51  such a beautiful thing? But then he started  52  the vase carefully and decided not to take it to the market

57、. He brought the vase back to his  53 , put it on the table and started watching it again. “Its not  54  for such a beautiful thing to be  55 ,” the poor man thought. So he  56  some flowers and put them into the vase. It became even  57 . “Not good that

58、such a beautiful thing stands next to a spider web,” the poor man  58  again.So the poor man started  59  his house. He cleaned the dust, washed the floor and whitened the walls. And it became clear that his house wasnt poor,  60  rather warm and comfortable. And the po

59、or man wasnt a poor man anymore, but a hard-working host, who had no time to think about poverty.41. A. child                    B. home  C. health         

60、0;            D. village42. A. treated                 B. built    C. filled               

61、;          D. covered43. A. consider              B. forget         C. enjoy             &

62、#160;          D. avoid44. A. quiet                    B. dirty    C. cold                

63、         D. wet45. A. reason                B. result  C. problem                   D. cha

64、nge46. A. helped                 B. thanked             C. met                &#

65、160;         D. protected47. A. danger                B. death   C. poorness                  D. tro

66、uble48. A. said                     B. shouted             C. cried             

67、           D. wrote49. A. money                 B. vase    C. table                  

68、      D. flower50. A. draw                  B. study  C. throw                      D. sel

69、l51. A. bring                  B. buy     C. like                          D. need52. A. washing           &