1中考英語語法名詞、冠詞、數(shù)詞

1、【本講教育信息】一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：專題復(fù)習(xí)一 名詞、冠詞、數(shù)詞1. 命題熱點2. 知識清單3. 經(jīng)典再現(xiàn)二、知識總結(jié)與歸納（一）名詞【命題熱點】1. 不可數(shù)名詞2. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則形式的構(gòu)成及不規(guī)則的拼寫3. 所有格的形式【知識清單】清單一：可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù) a, an的用法 a house an apple a yellow bag an old man a useful dictionary復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則：1）+s cup girl hand2）以o結(jié)尾的+s zoo, radio, photo, piano, hero, tomato, potato3）以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾

2、的+es class, bus, box, watch, brush4）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i再加es：factory, baby, city, country5）特殊變化：man-men womanwomen Frenchman-Frenchmentooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese foot-feet child-children deerdeer fish-fish Japanese-Japanese ChineseChinese用法點津1）漢語拼音，單復(fù)數(shù)同形 yuan, li2）某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的單詞 clothes, pants, socks

3、, shorts, glasses清單二：不可數(shù)名詞及其用法不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，常用some/ any/much/a little/ little/ a lot of等來修飾。e. g.: some bread much meat 如果表示具體的量，需借助量詞。如：a bottle of orange two bags of rice two kilos of meat a piece of bread清單三：名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及其用法1. s 所有格的用法（1）有生命的：Uncle Wangs factory the teachers office Womens Day（2）幾個人共有的

4、：This is Lucy and Lilys room. These are Lucys and Lilys rooms.（3）無生命的（時間、距離、國家、城市、團體）：todays newspaper Chinas populationten minutes walk Beijings parks用法點津：1）避免重復(fù)：Its not Janes fault, but Jacks (fault).Whose handwriting is better, Mikes or Alices?2）表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、學(xué)校、住宅及公共建筑：at my uncles (home) at the Green

5、s (home)at the barbers (shop) at the tailors (shop)2. of所有格無生命的：the floor of the classroom the title of the songthe picture of the family與人的生活密切相關(guān)的：todays weather = the weather of todayChinas economy= the economy of Chinathe citys parks = the parks of the city3. 雙重所有格a toy of the boys several toys o

6、f the childs a daughter of the old ladysa mistake of mine an invention of his 清單四：名詞作定語構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞：He is an 8-year-old boy.一般用單數(shù)：There are some banana trees by the river.There is only one man doctor and several women nurses in this hospital. (man, woman變復(fù)數(shù))（二）冠詞【命題熱點】1. 不定冠詞的用法2. 定冠詞的用法3. 零冠詞的用法【知識清單】清單

7、一：不定冠詞的用法1. 表示一個：Im reading an interesting book.There is a tree in front of my house.2. 代表一類： A horse is useful to mankind.A bird can fly.3. 表示所屬類別：My father is a doctor.My wish is to become a teacher when I grow up.4. 用在事物的“單位”前，表示“每一”：We often go to school twice a day.Take this medicine three time

8、s a day and very soon youll feel better.5. 某人某物，但不具體說明：A boy came to see you a moment ago.I got this tool in a shop.We need a car now.She is ill, she has to see a doctor.6. 用于某些固定詞組：a few, a little, a lot of, have a good time, have a rest7. 習(xí)慣用法：a moment ago, twice a week, for a time, in a while, in

9、 a moment, just a minute/ moment, after a time/ while清單二：定冠詞的用法1. 特指：The bag in the desk is mine.Is this the book you are looking for?2. 指上文已提到的人或物。I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan.Would you mind turning up the radio a little? I cant hear it clearly.3. 世界上獨一無二的事物：the sun

10、, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world, the winter night4. 與單數(shù)名詞連用，表示一類人或物：The dog is not too dangerous.5. 與形容詞連用，表一類人：the poor, the wounded, the deaf, the rich, the sick6. 用在序數(shù)詞、最高級前：This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited.He is the first to come and the last to leave.7. 表示具體的地點、方位

11、、時間或某天的一個部分We have friends all over the world.My parents live in the peaceful countryside.8. 用在樂器、文藝活動、運動場所的名稱前：The little girl likes to play the violin.They are going to the cinema tonight.9. 用在報刊、雜志名稱所組成的名詞之前。I am reading the China Daily now.Have you got the Evening Paper yet?10. 用在江河、海洋、山脈、群島的名稱之

12、前。The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.We live near the Yellow River.11. 用在姓名復(fù)數(shù)前：The Greens are very kind to us.The Whites like the classic music.12. 用于某些固定短語中by the way join the army listen to the radio tell the truth go to the cinema all the same just the same with the help ofon/ over/

13、 through the radio清單三：零冠詞的用法1. 專用名詞、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞之前I think water is a kind of food, too.Money is not everything.2. 日常餐食Its time for breakfast.What do you have for lunch?3. 季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、球類運動、棋類游戲之前Summer is hot and winter is cold here.New Years Day is coming.Today is the first day of May.Do you like to pl

14、ay football or baseball?4. 具體的學(xué)科、語言前Can you speak English?Its difficult to learn Physics well. 5. 稱呼、職位前Mr. Smith, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip.I usually help Dad on the farm on Sunday.6. 在this, that, these, my, Janes, some, any等限定詞前This is my address.His camera is like mine.7. 某些

15、固定詞組by air on foot at night after school at home go to class in fact from morning till night（三）數(shù)詞【命題熱點】1. 基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及用法2. 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及用法3. 分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法4. 年、月、日的表達(dá)法5. 時間的表達(dá)法【知識清單】清單一：基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及用法構(gòu)成：1. 1-12的表述：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve2. 13-19的表述：以-teen結(jié)尾3. 20-90數(shù)字的表達(dá)：以-t

16、y結(jié)尾4. 21-99之間數(shù)字的表達(dá)：十位和個位之間加連字符“-”，如twenty-five5. 一百以上的數(shù)字的表達(dá)：在百位，十位之間加and. 如104： one hundred and four, 486讀作four hundred and eighty-six6. “萬”的表達(dá)：10 thousand, forty thousand (四萬)7. 1000以上的數(shù)字： 3，333，333，333 three billion, three hundred and thirty-three million, three hundred and thirty-three thousand,

17、three hundred and thirty-three8. hundred, thousand, million 前若有具體數(shù)字，要用單數(shù)形式，但若有of，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，同時，前面不能再加具體數(shù)字two thousand, thousands of清單二：序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及用法構(gòu)成：1. first, second, third2. fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth3. twentieth, ninetieth4. 前加定冠詞或代詞The First Lesson is more difficult than the Second Lesson.This is ou

18、r first lesson.Who won first? (表名詞，可不用定冠詞)He failed once. Then he tried a second time.5. 序數(shù)詞的縮寫：1st， 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 22nd, 34th6. 100以上的序數(shù)詞的表達(dá)法：100th, 101st 用法：1. 給事物編號2. 序數(shù)詞前一般應(yīng)加定冠詞，用不定冠詞時表示“又一，再一”3. 表示日期中的“日”清單三：分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法1. 分子基數(shù)詞，分母序數(shù)詞，分子大于1，分母用復(fù)數(shù)。one third two thirds three fifths one half one f

19、ourth/ a quarterthree fourths/ three quarters2. 整數(shù)與分?jǐn)?shù)之間用and連接one/an hour and a half= one and a half hours3. 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于短語中名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)One third of the shop assistants in this department store are men.清單四：年、月、日的表達(dá)法1. 1900年：nineteen hundred2. 1908年：nineteen and eight3. 2004年11月25日：November twenty-fifth, two

20、 thousand and four清單五：時間的表達(dá)法8:21: twenty-one past eight / eight twenty-one8:56: four to nine / eight fifty-six8:30: eight-thirty / half past eight【典型例題】1. There are enough _ in the fridge. We dont need to buy any.A. milks B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. apple2. I was very excited when I saw so many _ on t

21、he farm.A. chicken B. sheep C. duck3. How many _ are there in the international village?A. Chinese B. Russian C. American4. British people eat _ a lot, and they are cooked in different ways.A. potato B. potatoes C. beef D. chicken5. Can I help you?Id like _ for my twin daughters.A. two pairs of shoe

22、s B. two pairs of shoeC. two pair of shoe D. two pair of shoes6. What do you have for breakfast?I often have _ or _.A. breads, noodles B. bread, noodlesC. breads, noodle D. bread, noodle7. Ive got a little _ in my house.Why not keep two or more?A. juice B. mice C. bread D. fish8. My school isnt far

23、from here. Its only _ walk.A. fifteen minutes B. fifteen minutes C. fifteen minutes9. How old is the baby?He is _.A. six-months-old B. six month-oldC. six-months old D. six months old10. Do you know Taiwan, Jenny?Yes, of course. Taiwan is _ island. It belongs to China.A. a B. an C. the D. /11. What

24、_ interesting story! I want to read it a second time.A. a B. an C. the D. /12.Whats _ date today?Its June 26th.A. / B. a C. the D. that13. I knocked over my tea cup. It went right over _ keyboard.You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer.A. the, / B. the, a C. a, / D. a, a14. _woman in a red dress is

25、a very popular teacher in our school.A. A B. The C. / 15. Eric has _ e-dog and his name is Hobo.A. a B. an C. the16. Look, whats in the tree?There is _ bird singing there.A. the B. an C. a D. /17. Look, whats in the tree?There is _bird singing there.A. the B. an C. a D. /18. Do you have a cat?Yes, _

26、 cat is black and white.A. The B. A C. An 19. There is _ park in the center of the city.A. a B. an C. the D. /20. Dont tell a lie, little boy! You should be _ honest child.A. a B. an C. the D. /21. Whats the date today?Its _.A. Saturday B. June C. June 1st22. Can you see any potatoes in _ picture?A.

27、 the second B. second C. two23. I hear we will have a _ holiday in _.A. two days, two days timeB. two-day, two days timeC. two-day, two days timeD. two days, two-day time24. The _ man on the left is Beckham, a famous football player.A. two B. second C. three25. He believed his lucky number was ten,

28、so he decided to live on the _ floor.A. lowest B. ten C. tenth26. Could you tell me what time it is now?Certainly, its _.A. ten and twenty B. twenty past tenC. ten twenty D. both B and C27. Although I failed four time, my father encouraged me to have a _ try.A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth28.

29、Liu Xiang, 21, is an Olympic winner in the _ hurdles (跨欄),were proud of him.A. 110-metre B. 110-metres C. 110 metre29. The old tower looks nice. Its about _.A. twelve-meter-high B. twelve-meters highC. twelve-meter high D. twelve meters high30. Do you know when the PLA was founded?_.A. On October 1,

30、 1949 B. On August 1, 1927C. On July 1, 1921 D. In May, 1922【模擬試題】（答題時間：15分鐘）1. Henry plays , but his brother prefers to play football.A. piano B. the piano C. a piano D. pianos2. People, especially teens, think it great fun to surf on Internet.A. a; the B. a; 不填 C. 不填; the D. the; the3. There is “u

31、” and “s” in the word “use”.A. an; an B. a; an C. a; a D. the; a4. Look, thats apple tree. Under tree, you can see cat.A. an; a; the B. a; the; a C. an; the; a D. the; a; an5. next morning, she went to school without breakfast.A. The; the; the B. The; /; / C. /; /; the D. The; /; the6. Everybody kno

32、ws that earth moves around sun.A. /; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the;/7. more times I see him, better I know about him.A. The; / B. A; a C. The; the D. /; /8. Wangs are coming to see us this evening.A. A B. An C. The D. /9. Lesson Four is difficult lesson, but it isnt most difficult lesson in Book II

33、.A. a; a B. a; the C. an; a D. the; the10. number of students is more than 1200.A. The; the B. A; the C. A; a D. The; /11. Last week Lilys father bought her MP4 as birthday present.A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a 12. Dont talk to Simon like that. He is only eleven-year-old boy.A. a B. an C. the

34、D. / 13. As volunteer, she said she could give the students in the village good start in their lives.A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a14. There is report in todays newspaper. Its about 2008 Olympic Games.A. /; the B. the; / C. a; the D. a; /15. David comes from European country and he is hones

35、t boy.A. an; a B. a; an C. the; an D. a; the 16. All the teachers and students are having a meeting there.A. women; girls B. women; girl C. woman; girls D. woman; girl17. The two both bought some in the market.A. Germen; potatoes B. Germans; potatoesC. Germans; potatos D. Germen; potatos18. My mothe

36、r bought much for my birthday party yesterday. A. apples B. bananas C. orange D. cakes19. They have an son.A. seven-year-old B. seven years old C. eight-year-old D. eight years old20. The hospital is a bit far from here. Its about .A. forty minutess walk B. forty minutes walkC. forty minutes walk D. forty minutes walk21. I found my black cat in room.A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mikes C. Jims and Mikes D. Jims and Mike22. Three months a long time for me.A. is B. are C. have D. has23. A group of are eating and at the foot of the hil