初中英語時態(tài)專題概要

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上DSE五星級專題系列 專題一 時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)一、導(dǎo)入某人刻苦學(xué)習(xí)英語，終有小成。一日上街不慎與一老外相撞， 忙說：I am sorry. 老外應(yīng)道：I am sorry too. 某人聽后又道：I am sorry three. 老外不解，問：What are you sorry for 某人無奈，道：I am sorry five. 二、一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)1概述一般現(xiàn)在時表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。“習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性”是一般現(xiàn)在時的三大特性，它不表示特定時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的事。2構(gòu)成：時態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)指的是動詞的變化形式。一般現(xiàn)在時間有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，一種是動詞原形

2、，用于主語為非第三人稱時的情況；另一種為動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，用于主語為第三人稱時的情況。 often get up early in the morning. father often gets up early in the morning.3. 談?wù)劇爸髡Z為三單，其后動詞s添” 在一般現(xiàn)在時中，當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式?？梢院唵螖⑹鰹椤爸髡Z為三單，其后動詞s添”。何謂第三人稱單數(shù)用一句話概括就是“非你、非我、非復(fù)數(shù)”，如he, she, it, my father, my mother, my sister, our English teacher, Tom

3、, Mike, Liu Jia, China, my book, etc. sometimes goes to school by bike. father works in the hospital as a doctor.4 . 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則動詞第三人稱變化的規(guī)則與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化的規(guī)則相同。1) .一般在詞尾加-s。如：looks, puts. reads, sees, skis等。2）以-o, -s, -x, -sh, -ch結(jié)尾的加-es。如：goes, does, misses, passes, mixes, fixes, pushes, wishes, watches

4、, teaches,等。3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-es。注意一定是輔音字母加y才變，若是元音字母加y，則直接加-s。如：flyflies,trytries,fryfries,copycopiesbuybuys,enjoyenjoys,playplays,saysays,paypays5. 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的用法： 1）. 現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作或者存在的狀態(tài) 。 I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week.My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a s

5、chool. 2).客觀真理 例如：The earth goes around the sun.3)在條件狀態(tài)從句和時間狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。 If you don't go soon, you'll be late. 如果你不快去的話，你就要遲到了。 I will wait for you until you come back. 我將一直等到你回來。 6. 常用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的時間狀語： often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！- May I

6、help you, sir - Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it _. A. didnt work B. doesnt work C. wont work D. cant work2_ the bus until it _. A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Dont get off, stops D. Dont get off, will stop A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take7 . 一般現(xiàn)在時的句子轉(zhuǎn)換（1）

7、 當(dāng)句子中有be動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，則把be動詞或情態(tài)動詞(can,could等等)提到主語的前面變成一般疑問句;在be動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面加not變成否定句.例：陳述句：She is a student.一般疑問句 Is she a student否定句 She is not a student.陳述句：I can swim.一般疑問句 Can you swim否定句 I can not swim.（2） 當(dāng)句子中即沒有be動詞，也沒有情態(tài)動詞時，則在主語前加助動詞do (you,以及復(fù)數(shù)), does（單數(shù)she,he,it）變成一般疑問句；在主語后謂語動詞前加助動詞dont（I,you,以及

8、復(fù)數(shù)), doesnt（單數(shù)she,he,it）變成否定句，助動詞后的動詞要變成動詞原形。例：陳述句：We get up at 7:00 every morning.一般疑問句Do you get up at 7:00 every morning否定句We dont get up at 7:00 every morning.陳述句：She has a little brother.一般疑問句 Does she have a little brother否定句 She doesnt have a little brother.當(dāng)堂過手訓(xùn)練1.寫出下列動詞的三單形式go_ catch_ brush

9、（刷）_ wash_do_ like_ have_ watch_drink _ fly_ say_ learn _eat_ read_ sing_ buy_study_ stay _ make _ look _ pass_ carry _ come_plant(種植)_ teach_ buy_2.用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. We often_(play) in the playground.2. He _(get) up at six oclock.(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What_ (do) he usually_ (do) after

10、school(study)English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she often_(watch) TV with his parents.8. _ Mike_(read) English every day many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework3.選擇題

11、( )1. I _to school at 7:00 in the morning.A. go B. going C. goes( )2. They _books every day in the library. B. read C. reading( )3. The monkey_ eating bananas very much. B. likes C. liking( )4. My father _to read newspaper after supper every day. B. likes C. liking( )5. I like watching TV, but my mo

12、ther _like it.A. dont B. doesnt C. does( )6. _ your father drink milk every day B. are C. does（ ）7. We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A. don't rain B. didn't rain 't rain D. isn't rain （）8. He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise;

13、 sets（） Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen（ ）10. Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied4.改錯(劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1. Is your brother speak English _2. Does he likes going fishing _3. He likes play games a

14、fter class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She don't do her homework on Sundays. _5.把下列句子變成一般疑問句（并作肯定和否定回答）、否定句例：I like cooking.Do you like cooking Yes, I do. No, I don't. I don't like cooking. friends like playing soccer. speak English every day. watches TV every evening is from Cana

15、da. does his homework at home. dog runs fast. likes playing computer games. can play the piano well.一般過去式一、  概念：     一般過去時用來表示過去某一時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)以及過去習(xí)慣性、反復(fù)性的動作。謂語動詞要用動詞的過去式，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday昨天、last night昨晚、last week上周、last year去年，等。 二、過去式及其句子 結(jié)

16、構(gòu)：（可分兩類不同的變化） 規(guī)則動詞的過去式的變化規(guī)則 1.一般情況下，在動詞原形后面加-ed。 looklooked   playplayed   startstarted   visitvisited 2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾直接加-d。 livelived   useused 3.以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動詞，先將 y 改為i ,再加 ed。 studystudied  trytried   flyflied 4.以重讀

17、閉音節(jié)（即輔音元音輔音）或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，要先雙寫這個輔音字母后，再加 ed。 stopstoppedplanplanned  preferpreferred 不規(guī)則動詞的過去式需特殊記憶。如：am(is)-was,  are-were（是）,  go-went（走）,  come-came（來）, take-took（拿）,  have (has)-had（有）， begin（開始）-began, bring（拿來）-brought, can（能）-could, catch（捉住）-cau

18、ght, cut（砍，割）-cut, do/does（做，干）-did, draw（畫畫,拉）-drew, drink（喝）-drank, drive（駕駛）-drove, eat（吃）-ate, fall（跌倒，落下）-fell, feel（感覺）-felt, fly（飛）-flew, get（獲得）-got, give（給）-gave, grow（生長）-grew, keep（保持）-kept, know（知道，認(rèn)識）-knew, learn（學(xué)習(xí)）-learnt, leave （離開）-left, let（讓）-let, lie（躺，平放）-lay,make（使得，做）-made, ma

19、y（可以）-might, must（必須）-must,read（讀）-read, ride （騎）-rode, ring （鳴鈴）-rang, run （跑）-ran, say （說）-said, see （看見）-saw, sell （賣）-sold, send（送）-sent, set （放）-set, sing（唱歌）-sang, sit （坐）-sat, sleep （睡覺）-slept, speak（說話）-spoke, spend （花費）-spent, stand （站立）-stood,swim （游泳）-swam, teach（教）-taught, tell （告訴）-told

20、, think（認(rèn)為）-thought, throw（投擲）-threw, understand（懂得）-understood, wear（穿）-wore, will（將要）-would, win（獲勝）-won,句子結(jié)構(gòu)動詞的一般過去時 在沒有實義動詞的句子中使用be動詞， am is 的過去式為was; are的過去式為were 肯定句式：主語 + be(was , were) + 其它. 否定句式：主語 + be(was , were) +

21、 not + 其它. 一般疑問句：Be(was , were) + 主語 + 其它 Eg . I was a middle school student.否定句： 疑問句： 注：在這種構(gòu)成中，be動詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即要根據(jù)主語選用was / were。Be動詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，was是表示單數(shù)，were是表示復(fù)數(shù) 2. 實義動詞的一般過去時態(tài) 肯定句要使用動詞的過去式，否定句和疑問句要使用助動詞do和 does 的過去式 did. 肯

22、定句式：主語 + 動詞（過去式）+ 其它 否定句式：主語 + didnt + 動詞（原形）+ 其它 【did not = didnt】 一般疑問句：Did + 主語+ 動詞（原形）+ 其它【do , does的過去時均為did】 注：did和didnt 是構(gòu)成一般過去時的助動詞，其特點是要在其后跟動詞的原形 eg . I played computer games yesterday. 否定句： 疑問句&#

23、160;3. 情態(tài)動詞的一般過去時態(tài) 情態(tài)動詞的過去式：cancould , maymight , mustmust ，will-would，should-should。含有情態(tài)動詞的一般過去時與含有Be動詞的一般過去時，是十分相似，請注意觀察。 肯定句式：主語 + 情態(tài)動詞 + 其它. 否定句式：主語 + 情態(tài)動詞 + not + 其它. 一般疑問句：情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 + 其它 eg . I

24、coud fly kites senven years ago. 否定句： 一般疑問句: 4.特殊疑問句式：特殊疑問詞+be過去式+主語+其他特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)助動詞過去式+主語+動詞原形+其他特殊疑問詞+do/does過去式+主語+動詞原形+其他What was your former name 你以前叫什么名字Why did he late for school last Monday 上星期一他為什么遲到What could she do twenty years ago 20年前她能做什么 三、  一般過去時的判斷標(biāo)志詞yesterday , th

25、e day before yesterday , last + 時間 , this morning 時間 + ago , just now , a moment ago , in + 過去的時間 ,  四 、  一般過去時的基本用法  表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 He s

26、uddenly fell ill last night.   他昨晚突然病倒了。 表示過去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。 She went to the cinema once a month when she was at school. 她上學(xué)時每個月去看一場電影。 When I was in the countryside, I often

27、60;walked by the riverside. 我在鄉(xiāng)下時經(jīng)常在河邊散步。 一般過去時表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，常和often經(jīng)常， always總是，once a week一周一次，等表示頻度的時間狀語連用。 一、巧記一般過去時：動詞一般過去時，表示過去發(fā)生的事；be用was或用were, have,has變had；謂語動詞過去式，過去時間作標(biāo)志；一般動詞加-ed，若是特殊得硬記。否定句很簡單，主語之后didnt添； 疑問句也不難，did放在主語前； （不含be動詞時）如果謂語之前有did，謂語動詞需還原；動詞若是was,were

28、,否定就把not添。 （含be動詞時）疑問句也不難，要把was，were放在主語前。二、be的一般過去時：學(xué)習(xí)動詞be的一般過去時，下面有一口訣，它可以幫你們更好地掌 握動詞be的一般過去時。 be的過去時有四巧： 一是時間狀語巧， 表示過去的短語要記牢； 二是形式巧，單數(shù)was，復(fù)數(shù)were； 三巧是否定句結(jié)構(gòu)，not緊跟waswere； 四是疑問句式巧，waswere向前跑(提前)。【一巧】時間狀語（即標(biāo)志詞）巧。一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，恰巧 與表示過去的一些時間狀語連用?！径伞啃问角?。它與一般現(xiàn)在時一樣，形式多樣：當(dāng)主語是第一人稱單數(shù)或第三人稱單 數(shù)時，謂語動詞用wa

29、s；主語是第二人稱或其他人稱復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用were。 例如： I was in the classroom yesterday morning 昨天早上我在教室里。 He was at school last Tuesday 上周二他在學(xué)校。 They were over there a moment ago 剛才他們在那邊。【三巧】否定句結(jié)構(gòu)巧。與動詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時一樣，它在動詞后面加not即可變成否定 句，并且was, were與not可以縮寫成wasn't, weren't。即： 主語 wasn't weren't 表語 其他。例如： I was n

30、ot (wasn't) here yesterday 昨天我不在這兒。 My parents were not (weren't) at home last Sunday 上周日我父母不在家?！舅那伞?疑問句式巧。把was, were提到句首，句末用問號即可變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?。即?Was(Were) 主語 表語 其他這恰巧與動詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時的疑問句 式相似。例如： Were you at home the day before yesterday 前天你在家嗎 Was she late this morning今天早上她遲到了嗎 更巧的是疑問句的答語也相似，肯定回答用“Yes

31、, 主語waswere”； 否定回答用“No,主語wasn'tweren't”。 例如：Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now 剛才魏華和韓梅在這兒嗎 Yes, they were (No, they weren't) 是的，她們在。（不，她們不在。）當(dāng)堂過手訓(xùn)練一、單項選擇： 從下列各題后所給的四個選項中選擇最佳答案填空。(10)( )1 My fatherill yesterday A isn't B aren't C wasn't D weren't( )2 your parents at ho

32、me last week A Is B Was C Are D Were( )3 The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was( )4 your father at work the dayyesterday(前天） A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after ( )5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasn

33、't ( )6. I cleaned my classroom _. A with three hours B three hours ago C in three hours D three hours before( ) 7. I came _ my house two days ago . A back on B back to C to back D back( ) 8 . _ He did some reading at home. A What does your father do yesterday evening B What does your brother do

34、 in the school C What did your brother do over the weekend D Where did your brother go last Sunday( ) 9. What did you do _ I went to the movies. A next morning Bover the weekend C in the weekend D next Monday( ) 10. The koala sleeps _，but gets up _. A during the day; at the evening B at day ;during

35、night C in the day ;during the evening D during the day ; at night二、請用正確動詞形式填空。(10)1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountai

36、ns yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.6. When _ you _(write) this song I _(write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night.8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning Yes

37、, he _.9. How _(be) Jim's weekend It _(be not) bad.10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year No. she _.三、翻譯下列句子(20)1. 我過了一個忙碌但卻刺激的周末。 I _ _ _ _ exciting weekend.2. Jenny喜歡看書。昨晚她看了一本英語書。 Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night.3. Emma每天都看電視。可是昨天他沒有看。 Emma_ TV every day. But he

38、_ _ _ yesterday.4. 上周六他們做什么了他們做作業(yè)和購物了。 What _ they _ _ Saturday They _ _ homework and _ _.5. 今天早上方方得做飯，因為他父親不在家。 This morning Fangfang _ _ _ _ because his father _ _ _ yesterday. 6. 你還有什么要說的 What _ would you like _ _ 7. 放學(xué)別忘了向老師說聲再見。 Dont forget _ _ _ _ the teacher. 8. 為什么你昨晚沒有看電視 Why _ you _ TV las

39、t night 9. 他在打掃教室的時候，發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有塊表。 When he _ the classroom, he _ a watch on the ground. 10. 他什么時候出生的1980年。 -When _ he _ -_ 1980. 四、改寫句子：(20)1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（變一般疑問句) _ he _ _ meat in the fridge3、There was some orang

40、e in the cup.（變一般疑問句)_ there _ orange in the cup4. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑問句） _ Frank _ an interesting book about history 5. Why not go out for a walk （同義句） _ _ _ out for a walk 6. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句） Thomas_ _RMB 10 on this book. 7. My family went to t

41、he beach last week. （劃線提問） _ _ _ family _ last week 8. I think she is Lilys sister. （否定句。注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移）_ 9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句） Sally _ often _ some reading in the morning. 10. He is a tall, thin boy. （劃線提問） _ _ he _ _ 五、 改錯題(20) 1How is Jane yesterday _ 2He go to school by

42、bus last week. _ 3He often goes home at 6:00 last month. _ 4I can fly kites seven years ago. _ 5Did you saw him just now. _ 6Tom wasnt watch TV last night. _ 7I didnt my homework yesterday. _ 8He wait for you three hours ago. _ 9Who find it just now _ make him cry (哭) just now _現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài) 1. 概念 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時是由“

43、助動詞be(am, is, are)動詞-ing”構(gòu)成，表示說話者“此刻”或現(xiàn)階段的行為。2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成：Am/is/ are+ v-ing是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成形式。 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則1）.一般在動詞末尾加ing,如： think-thinking go-going 2）.以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去掉e,再加ing，如：come-coming make-making3).以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，中間只有一個元音字母，詞尾只有一個輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing, 如： put-putting run-running 3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)1）肯定句：主語+be(am,

44、 is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+ 例如：I am speaking with him on the phone. 我正和他通電話。 He is playing tennis. 他正在打網(wǎng)球。 My parents are dancing. 我父母正在跳舞。2）否定句：主語+be not+現(xiàn)在分詞+ 例如：I'm not studying. 我沒在學(xué)習(xí)。 She is not reading now. 現(xiàn)在她不是在看書。They are not writing. 他們沒在寫。3）一般疑問句：Be動詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+ 例如：Eg Is she still helping Li Ling 她

45、還在幫助李玲嗎 Yes, she is. 是的。/No, she isn't. 不，她沒在幫李玲。Eg Are you listening to music 你正在聽音樂嗎 Yes, I am. 是的。/No, I'm not. 不，我沒有聽音樂。4）特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be動詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+ 例如： What are you studying 你正在學(xué)什么 I'm studying English. 我在學(xué)英語。 What is Mike doing 邁克在做什么-He is watching the football match. 他在看足球比賽。4. 現(xiàn)在

46、進(jìn)行時的用法： 1. 說話時正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作（動作是在說話時正在進(jìn)行）。例如： She is having a bath now. 2. 現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作（但是動作并不是必須在說話時正在進(jìn)行）。例如： You are working hard today. Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian. The population of the world is growing very fast. 頻度副詞always, forever等詞連用時， 表示某種強(qiáng)烈的感情。如： He is always tryin

47、g out new ideas. (表示欣賞，表揚) 表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作（僅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等動詞）。如： The party is beginning at 8:00 oclock.6) 常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)的時間狀語： now 等。 例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！ 1I dont think that its true. Shes always _ lies. A. tell B. tells C. telling D. told _ you _ with the new job A. do, do B. do, get along C. are, doing D. are, getting on3- Are these socks yours - No. Mine _ outside on the clothes line. A. are hanging B. have hung C. hang D. hung當(dāng)堂過手訓(xùn)練I. 按要求改寫句子The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_對“is playing basketball”提問：_對“ The boy”提問：_They are singing in