透析中考英語語法動詞、動詞詞組考點

1、透析中考英語語法動詞、動詞詞組考點【語法概說】【動詞及動詞詞組命題趨勢與預測】根據(jù)對動詞和動詞詞組部分全國各省市中考試題的分析可知，今后該部分將是重點考查點之一。其考查重點為：1、 動詞和動詞詞組辨析。2、 常用動詞于名詞、副詞、介詞構成的短語動詞的基本含義和引申義?！究键c詮釋】一、 對表示狀態(tài)變化的系動詞的考查     英語中常見的表示狀態(tài)變化的系動詞有 get ， turn ， turn out （結果是）， go ， come （成為）， fall ， become 等。 【考例】 The number of giant pandas is get

2、ting _ because their living areas are becoming farmlands. （年江蘇鹽城） A. less and less         B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller    D. fewer and fewer 【解析】  答案為C。句意為“大熊貓的數(shù)量越來越少因為他們的生存空間正逐漸變成農(nóng)場”。本題中四個選項都是“比較級+ and + 比較級”的結構，表

3、示“越來越”。主語為number，只能和large或small搭配。而結合句意可判斷答案為C。-I am getting _each month. I can't put on my jeans. -I'm afraid you have to take exercise every day. 河南省A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest答案B。解析本題考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)句意要用比較級而heavy的比較級是heavier，故選B。【考例】The food in that restaurant _deliciou

4、s，but it tastes bad 沈陽市A looks Bfeels C becomes Dgets答案A。解析從下句but it tastes bad，“但嘗起來很差”，可推知選A：那家餐館的食物看起來不錯。 【考例】一What do you think of the music，F(xiàn)red?一It _wonderful臺州市Asmells B. looks Ctastes Dsounds答案D。 解析系動詞的用法常見的系動詞有四個“起來”(smell，look，taste，sound)，四個“變得”(turn，grow，become，get)以及feel，be等。音樂應該是“聽起來”，

5、其余三項不合句意。It is said that no one bought that kind of fruit一That's trueIt tasted_.浙江Agood Bterrible Cwell Dterribly答案：B解析：根據(jù)第一個人說“據(jù)說沒人買那種水果”可知，它嘗起來不好吃。taste是連系動詞，其后接形容詞，故選B。一Do you know the final of men's singles will be played between Wang Liqin and Ma Lin?YesI felt _when I heard the _news. 黃

6、岡Aexciting；excitedBexcited；excitingCexciting；exciting Dexcited；excited答案：B解析：當主語是人時，要用excited來修飾；用來修飾物時，要用exciting，故選B。Hi，mumHave you cooked fish for dinner? I can _it 河南Ataste B. smell Cfeel Dtouch55答案：B解析：由句意“媽媽，你做好魚了嗎?”故“我能聞到昧了”，應選B?！究祭縃i, mum. Have you cooked fish for dinner? I can _it. 河南省A. t

7、aste B. smell C. feel D. touch答案B。解析本題考查詞義辨析。因為是問媽媽是否做了魚，如果看到、嘗到魚了，就不會這么懷疑了。 smell是聞到的意思。二、對表示狀態(tài)存在的系動詞的考查 常見的有 be, seem, appear, look, feel, smell, sound, keep, taste, remain, prove, stay, lie （處于某種狀態(tài)）， stand （處于某種狀態(tài)）等。 【考例】Carl felt _because he won the first prize in the school singing competition.

8、 安徽省A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried答案B 。解析考查形容詞詞義。根據(jù)句意“獲獎是值得高興、自豪的事情”，應選proud。三、對動詞的考查【考例】After they passed their exams, they _by having a party沈陽市A succeeded Bcelebrated Cprepared Dreceived答案B 。解析由于通過了考試，所以他們通過聚會的方式來慶祝，celebrate慶祝。I am sure that he is_ a lie. 廣東省A. saying B. talking C. s

9、peaking D. telling答案D。解析本題考查四個“說”動詞的區(qū)別say強調(diào)說話的內(nèi)容；talk為不及物動詞，意為“交談”；speak后接某種語言時為及物動詞，作“說話，發(fā)言”講時為不及物動詞；tell為及物動詞，當“告訴，講，說” 等，經(jīng)常和story，lie等連用，構成“講故事”、“說謊”等短語，故本題選D。How long does it _ you to wash all the dishes? 成都市A. take B. use C. spend答案A。解析本題考查詞義辨析。“干某事用了某人多少時間” 用spend或take。而spend主語必須是人根據(jù)it takes s

10、b some time to do sth結構可知應選A。 I visited many places including the History Museum last Saturday; When I_ at the hotel, it was very late. 太原市A. got B. reached C. arrived答案C。解析本題考查三個“到達”的用法。get后接地點名詞時要加介詞to；reach是及物動詞，其后可以直接跟地點名詞；arrive是不及物動詞，后接地點是“小地方”時可與 at連用；后接地點是“大地方”時可與介詞in連用。此題空格后有介詞at，故應該選C。I am

11、 greatly interested in this painting. Something in it _the painter's deep love for nature. 河南省A. expresses B. discusses C. expects D. imagines答案A。解析本題考查詞義辨析。 express有“表達”的意思，符合本題的要求。In the 49 world Table Tennis Championship(錦標賽)，Wang Liqin_ Ma Linand _the champion(冠軍)of the Men's Singles蕪湖市A

12、beat; beat B. won；won C beat; won Dwon; beat答案C。解析考查易混詞的辨析 動詞beat后跟人或球隊等，而win后則跟比賽、獎項等。9一why do Chinese people like red? Because they think it can _them good luck.浙江省Acarry B. bring C. make Dtake答案B。解析考查carry，take與bring的區(qū)別carry搬，攜帶；bring帶來；make制作，使；take帶走，由句意“因為他們認為它能給他們帶來幸運”，故選bring。四、 對動詞詞組的考查動詞短語

13、是高考考查的一個熱點，幾乎每套題中都要設置2-3個考查動詞短語的。從題設上看，主要有以下幾種形式：1不同的動詞，后面加上相同的小品詞使用頻率較高的這類動詞有：call，cut，come，go，get，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常見的介詞或副詞有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over，等。1）動詞+away構成的短語有：throw away扔掉；put away把收拾好；give away捐贈，分發(fā)；carry away運走；runaway，潛逃；跑開；go away走開等?！究祭?2）動詞+for構成的短語有：answ

14、er for負責；provide for供養(yǎng)；call for提倡，要求；plan for打算，為計劃；hope for希望，期待；ask for請求，尋找；需要；send for派人去請；go for努力獲取；pay for償還，賠償；wait for等待；look for尋找等。【考例】 3）動詞+on構成的短語有：Try on試穿，試驗；put on穿上，上演；have on穿著，戴著；pull on穿，戴；hold on不掛斷，停止；carry on繼續(xù)開展，堅持；keep on繼續(xù)；go on繼續(xù)；get on上(車、船)；come on趕快等?！究祭?4）動詞+over構成的短語

15、有：come over過來；hand over移交；go over仔細檢查，復習；get over克服，恢復；look over檢查；think over仔細考慮；take over接受，接管；turn over翻轉等。【考例】 5）動詞+up構成的短語有：bring up撫育，培養(yǎng)；call up召喚，打電話給；come up走進，上來；cut up切碎：fix up. 修理；give up放棄；go up上升，增長；grow up長大；look up尊敬；向上看；查尋；make up虛構；彌補，組成；put up舉起，搭建；pick up撿起，(開車)接某人，偶然得到；set up建立，創(chuàng)

16、(紀錄)；send up發(fā)射；show up揭露，露面；turn up出現(xiàn)，把調(diào)高一點；take up占據(jù)，開始從事等。【考例】She has to _some of her hobbies because she has no time to spend on them. 太原市A. give up B. look up C. pick up答案A 。解析本題主要考查動詞短語的用法。A項是“放棄”，B項是“抬頭看；查詢”，C項是“撿起”。根據(jù)后句意思：她沒有時間花費在他們身上。推知空格處應選擇“放棄”。臨沂More and more foreigners want to _their com

17、panies in ChinaAopen up Blook up Cclean up Dpick up52答案：A解析：open up意為“成立”，look up意為“查找；cleanup意為“打掃于凈"；pick up意為“撿起”。用open up 最合適。故選A。6）動詞+out構成的短語有： go out出去，熄滅；look out留神，當心；walk out走出；set out出發(fā)，開始：put out撲滅，生產(chǎn)；give out發(fā)出，發(fā)表；hand out分發(fā)；pick out挑選：find out找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)；speak out大聲地說出；turn out生產(chǎn)，打掃；get

18、 out出去，離開；work out計算出，解決，鍛煉；carry out實現(xiàn)，執(zhí)行；bring out出版，start out出發(fā)，動身等。2同一個動詞。后面加上不同的小品詞(即介詞或副詞)： 常見的這些動詞有：break，die，call，cut，come，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。1）break+介詞副詞的短語有：break down擊敗，摧毀；發(fā)生故障，(身體)垮掉；break out爆發(fā)；break through突破，突圍；break off中斷，突然停止；break up打碎；分解；驅散；break in打斷；bre

19、ak into破門而人；break away突然離開；逃脫；脫離等。 2）bring+介詞的短語有：bring about使發(fā)生；bring back拿回來，使恢復；bring down打倒，降低；bring in引進；bring out出版，生產(chǎn)；bring up培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育；bring over使相信，征服等。3）call+介詞副詞的短語有：call after以的名字命名；call back叫回，召回，使回憶起；call up征召入伍，給某人打電話，使想起；call on號召，拜訪某人call in召集；call off取消等。4）come+介詞副詞的短語有：come in進來；come

20、from；來自于；come about產(chǎn)生；come over過來：come out出來，出現(xiàn)；come by從旁經(jīng)過；come up上來，走進；come across偶遇；come along發(fā)生，進步；come after跟著來；come back回來；come around恢復知覺；回來；come down下來，倒塌等?！究祭?5）cut+介詞的短語有： cut in插嘴，插入；cut across抄近路；cut back減少；cut off切斷；cut up切碎，cut away砍掉；cut down砍倒，削減等等；cut out切掉，裁剪出，停止；cut throug通過，穿過等。

21、【考例】 6）get+介詞副詞的短語有：get about傳播；走動；get through到達，做完，通過，度過，打通(電話)；get in進入，陷入；get on上車，進展，融洽相處；get off下車，下來；get across通過，被理解；get along進展，融洽相處；get away離開，脫身等?！究祭緿on't _while the bus is moving，or you may hurt yourself and even someone outside07南通市Aget on B get up Cget off Dget in答案C。解析 句中提到了bus，上車

22、是get on，下車是get off，確定答案在A與C中。再由后面的someone outside(外面的人)可知，這兒說的是下車。Wake up，NickIt's time to_，or you'll be late for school溫州Aget up Bget backCget away Dget off答案：A解析：本題考查動詞短語的用法。由題意“到了起床的時間了，尼克，否則你會遲到”，故選A。7）give+介詞副詞的短語有：give up放棄；give in屈服，投降；give away贈送，捐贈；泄漏；give over移交，交出，give off放出，發(fā)出，排出

23、；give out分發(fā)，散發(fā)，放出(光，熱)；give back歸還等?！究祭?8）go+介詞副詞的短語有：go ahead著手，開始(做)，進行；go along 進展，前進；go around到處走動；順便訪問；go away離去，走開；go beyond超過；go by過去，流逝；go down下降；go up上升；go for喜歡；go off離開，停止；go over復習，溫習；go through經(jīng)歷，穿過等?！究祭?9）1ook+介詞副詞的短語有：look after照顧，照料；look away把目光移開；1ook around環(huán)顧；look at看；look down朝下

24、看；look for尋找；look into調(diào)查；look out當心；look through瀏覽，檢查；等?！究祭?Excuse me, Mr Li, I don't know the meaning of the whole sentence. What shall I do? 成都市 -You'd better first _the new words.A. look for B. look up C. look through答案B。解析本題考查詞義辨析。此處look up意為“查閱”(詞典等)。look for尋找；look through瀏覽。Kate didn

25、't go to the movie last night because she had to _her sick dog at home. 陜西省A. look at B. look up C. look for D. look after答案D。解析考查詞組的的含義。 四個選項中A項表示“看”；B項表示“仰視”或“查找”；C項表示“尋找”；而根據(jù)句意，只有D項“照看”符合題意。10）take+介詞/副詞的短語有：The plane _at three o'clock in the afternoon. 廣東省A. takes off B. takes away C. ta

26、kes out D. takes down答案A。解析本題考查四個動詞短語的區(qū)別。 題意為“飛機在下午三點鐘起飛”。故應選A。take off是同定搭配，意為“脫下；起飛”等；而take away是“帶走，拿走”的意思；take out意為“取出，拿出”；take down是“寫下，記下”之意。11)turn+介詞副詞的短有：turn aboutround(使)向后轉，回頭，轉身；turn against(使)反對(某人)；turn away轉過臉去，拒絕；turn back往回走；turn down調(diào)低，關小，拒絕；turn in上繳，上交；turn into(使)變成；turn off關掉

27、；turn on打開；rum out'熄滅，生產(chǎn)；turn to求助于，轉向；turn up調(diào)高，到達，出現(xiàn)等。【考例】 11）put+介詞副詞的短語有：put aside把放在一邊，積蓄；put back把放回原處；put down放下，鎮(zhèn)壓；put forward提出，建議；put in放進；put off遲，拖延；put on穿上，戴上，增加，上演，put out生產(chǎn)出，出版；put up舉起，張貼等。【考例】After eight hours hard work，the firemen finally _the forest fire 07連云港市 Aput away Bput

28、 out Cput down Dput in答案B。解析本題考查詞義辨析。 put away收起來放好；put out熄滅；put down放下；put in放進去。賓語為“森林大火”，所以用put out。12）begetbecome+過去分詞形容詞+介詞的短語有：be dressed in穿著；be fond of愛好，喜愛；be lost in沉溺于；be located in位于；be addicted to沉溺于be used to習慣于；be curious about對好奇；be engaged in忙于，be glad to樂意；be convinced of確信，認識到；be

29、 aware of意識到；be worried about擔心等?！究祭?13）動詞+副詞+介詞的短語有： add up to合計達；break away from從脫離開；come up with想出；catch up with趕上；get down to開始認真地做某事；go in for參加，追求；keep away from遠離；keep up with跟上；date back to追溯到；put up with忍受，容忍·；run out of用完；watch out for當心；look down upon瞧不起；go ahead with開始，著手；go along

30、with一起去，同意；hold on to堅持等。【考例】Though their parents work in faraway cities to make money，those“stay-home children" can _themselves臺州市 Alook out of B come up with Ctake care of D catch up with答案C。解析本題考查詞義辨析。 look out of向外看；come up with想出take care of照顧catch up with趕上。句意為“雖然他們的父母在遙遠的城市里工作賺錢，但那些留守的孩子

31、能照顧好自己”。-Do you have this kind of MP4?-Sorry，we _yesterdayYou can come next week. 南寧市Awrote them down B. tried them on Ctook them off D sold them out答案D 。解析從問句可知是買MP4，所以答語為“對不起，昨天賣完了”。Write down寫下來；try on試穿；take off脫下；sell out賣完。只有D項符合題意。3。動詞不同，小品詞也不同。【考例】Don't _people in trouble. Try to "h

32、elp them, 吉林省A. hear. from B. go over C. laugh at D. took like答案C 。解析聯(lián)系上下句“不要嘲笑在麻煩中的人，要努力去幫助他們。”laugh at嘲笑，故選C。14 -Tom, it's cold outside. _your coat when you go out. -OK, Morn. 安徽省A. Take off B. Take away C. Put away D. Put on答案D 。解析本題考查詞義辨析。因為外面冷，所以出去的時候要“穿上”外衣。My parents and I like to _ outsi

33、de after dinner. It is really relaxing. 太原市A. run off B. hang out C. dress up答案B。解析本題主要考查動詞短語的意思。A項run off意為“逃跑，流掉”；B項hang out意為“閑逛”；C項dress up意為“盛裝打扮”。根據(jù)后句"It is really relaxing”推知空格處應填hang out。Lots of people in our city _ the old and they usually offer their seats to the old on buses. 河南省A. a

34、gree with B. worry about C. laugh at D. care for答案D。解析本題考查詞義辨析。 由句中的offer their seats to the old 0n bus和現(xiàn)實生活中就知道是“關心”“愛護”。 They are going to _a hospital to help poor people07南充市Awrite down B. hand out Cset up答案C。解析本題考查詞義辨析。只有set up(建立)能與賓語a hospital搭配，write down(寫下)和hand out(分發(fā))都不合適。The twins are ta

35、lking about the book Who Moved My Cheese. It's fun to _them. 昆明市A. join B. join in C. take part in D. enter答案A。解析本題考查了四個動詞(組)的辨析。 動詞join多指加入某一組織；join in參加某個活動；take part in指參加某一活動，并在其中發(fā)揮作用；enter指進入某一地方或領域。由句意可知，這兒指加入到某一行列中，所以正確答案為A項?！菊Z法回顧】1. 短語動詞的分類ww.zk5u.ecom(1)動詞介詞常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, ask

36、 for, laugh at, hear of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：We often listen to the radio.我們堅持聽收音機。Look at the picture.請看這幅畫。She looks after our children她照料我們的孩子。 (2)動詞副詞常見的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：He always get up early.他總是起得很早。Do

37、n't forget to put on your coat.不要忘記穿上大衣。Please wake me up at five.請在五點鐘叫醒我。(3)動詞副詞介詞ww.zk5u.ecom常見的有 go on with, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：A doctor came up to me.醫(yī)生走到我跟前。We must go on with the experiment.我們必須繼續(xù)實驗。 (4)動詞名詞介詞常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這

38、類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：ww.zk5u.ecomPay attention to the teacher's teaching. Don't talk to each other.注意聽老師講課，不要交談。Her job is taking care of the patients.她的任務是照顧病人。(5)動詞形容詞 常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：The prisoners were set fr

39、ee.犯人獲釋了。He cut it open.他把它割開了。（6）動詞形容詞 +介詞ww.zk5u.ecomBe used to習慣于，be afraid of害怕，be different from不同于，be fond of喜歡，be angry with生氣He wasn't used to hard work.他不習慣艱苦的工作。What are you afraid of? 你怕什么？American football is different from the ordinary football.美國足球不同于一般足球。(6)動詞名詞常見的有take place, mak

40、e friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：The May 4th Movement took place in 1919.五四運動發(fā)生于一九一九年。 I make friends with a lot of people.我和許多人交朋友。2. 短語動詞的辨析ww.zk5u.ecom(1)be made in（在生產(chǎn)或制造），be made of(由組成或構成)(2)come down(下來;落)，come along(來；隨同)，come to oneself(蘇醒)，come true(實現(xiàn))，come out(花開；發(fā)芽；出現(xiàn)；出來)，come over（過來；順便來訪），c

41、ome in(進來)，come on(來吧；跟著來；趕快), come up with(找到；提出)(3)do ones best(盡最大努力), do well in(在干得好), do ones homework(做作業(yè))，do some reading(閱讀)(4)fall asleep(入睡)，fall behind(落在.后面)，fall off(從掉下)，fall down(到下；跌倒)(5)get down(下來；落下)，get on(上車)，get to(到達)，get up(起床)，get back(回來；取回)，get off(下來)，get on well with(與相

42、處融洽)，get married(結婚)，get together(相聚)(6)give up(放棄)，givea hand(給與幫助)，give a concert(開音樂會)(7)go back(回去)，go on(繼續(xù))，go home(回家)，go to bed(睡覺)，go over(過一遍；仔細檢查)，go out(外出；到外面)，go wrong(走錯路)，go on doing(繼續(xù)做某事)，go shopping(買東西)，go boating(去劃船), go fishing(去釣魚)，go hiking(去徒步旅行)，go skating(去滑冰)，go straight

43、 along(沿著一直往前走)(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat（坐下）, have supper（吃晚餐）, have a rest（休息）, have sports（進行體育活動）, have a cold（感冒）, have a cough（咳嗽）, have a good time（過得愉快）, have a headache（頭痛），have a try(嘗試；努力)(9)look for(尋找)，look out(留神; 注意)，look over(仔細檢查)，look up(向上看；抬頭看)，look after(照顧; 照看)，look at(看；

44、 觀看)，look like(看起來像)，look the same(看起來像)，(10)make friends(交朋友)，make phone calls(打電話)，make money(賺錢)，make the bed(整理床鋪)，make a noise(吵鬧)，make a faces(做鬼臉)，make ones way to(往走去)，make room for(給騰出地方)，make a decision(做出決定)，make a mistake(犯錯誤)，make up ones mind(下決心)(11)put on(上演；穿上；戴上)，put up(掛起；舉起)，put

45、down(把某物放下來)，put away(把某物收起來), put off(推遲)(12)take off(脫掉衣服)，take photos(照相)，take time(花費時間)，take out(取出)，take a seat(坐下)，take an active part in(積極參加)，take care of(照顧；照料；注意)，take exercise(做運動)，take ones place(坐某人的位置；代替某人的職務)，take turn(輪流)(13)talk about(談話；交談)，talk with(和交談)(14)turn on(打開電燈，收音機，煤氣，自來

46、水等)，turn off(關上電燈，收音機，煤氣，自來水等)，turn down(關小；調(diào)低)，turnover(把.翻過來)(15)think of(認為；想起)，think about(考慮)【語法過關】ww.zk5u.ecom1-Do you like the music "the Moonlight Sonata"? -Yes, it _ really beautiful. A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears 2Bill might phone while I'm out this evening. If he _,

47、 could you take a message? A. does B. might C. phoned D. will 3.Alice, we are going to spend our holiday in Canada or, if you _, we can go to China instead. A. hope B. wish C. prefer D. agree 4.He is so careless that he always_ his school things at home. A. forgets B. forgot C. leaves D. left 5.I bo

48、ught a new dictionary and it _me 30 yuan, A. paid B. spent C. took D. cost 6.I have to go now. Please remember to_ the lights when you leave, A. turn off B. turn down C turn up D. turn on 7.- all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there. -OK, Mom. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away8.How do

49、 you go to work every day? I_ on my bicycle. A. ride B. drive C. take D. walk 9.Oh, you painted the walls yourself?  Yes. It was not hard. The whole work didn't_ much. A. want B. cost C. spend D. pay 10.One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. Right. The government spoke _

50、 that. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of11.There is a ticket on the floor, is it yours? Oh, yes, it's mine. Let me_ for you. to pick up it B. to pick it up C. pick up it D. pick it up12.May I _ your Chinese- English dictionary? Sony, I_ it at home. borrow, forgot B. lend, left C. len

51、d, forgot D. borrow, left 13.Your sweater looks nice, is it_ wool? Yes, and it's_ Inner Mongolia. A. made of, made by B. made of, made in C. made by, made for D. made by, made from 14.Don't you think you should paint the wall? Who would _? A. see B. look C. watch D. notice 15. 1 don't_ what to do at all. You can decide yourself. want B. mind C. like D. have 16. It's really not easy to catch up with my classmates. Whenever I wanted to_, my teacher always encouraged me to work harder. go on B. turn down C. give back D. give up 17. The doctor _ the child carefully and found th