地理信息科學(xué)專業(yè)英語

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專業(yè)術(shù)語英譯漢affine 仿射band 波段cartography 制圖學(xué)clip 剪切digitizer 數(shù)字化儀DLG 數(shù)字線劃圖dpi 每英寸點(diǎn)數(shù)edgematching 邊緣匹配equator 赤道equiarea 等積geoid 大地水準(zhǔn)面geospatial 地理空間GPS 全球定位系統(tǒng)Habitat 棲息地Interface 接口Item 項(xiàng)目Latitude 緯度legend   圖例longitude 經(jīng)度median   中值meridian 子午線metadata 元數(shù)據(jù)neatline 圖廓線Object-Based 基于

2、對象的parcel 宗地photogrammetry 攝影測量precipitation 降水量range   范圍raster 柵格resample 重采樣resolution 分辨率RMS   均方根scanner 掃描儀siting   選址TIGER 拓?fù)浣y(tǒng)一地理編碼topology 拓?fù)鋞uple 數(shù)組 UTM 通用橫軸墨卡托投影vector 矢量專業(yè)術(shù)語漢譯英保護(hù)區(qū)          protected area比例尺   

3、       Scale bar標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差          Standard deviation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖幅        Standard picture frame單精度          Single precision地理空間數(shù)據(jù)

4、0;   Geospatial data點(diǎn)緩沖區(qū)        Point buffer動(dòng)態(tài)分段        Dynamic segmentation度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)        Metrics多項(xiàng)式變換      Polynomial transformation高程基準(zhǔn) 

5、;       Elevation base跟蹤算法        Tracking algorithm規(guī)則格網(wǎng)        Rules grid過渡帶          Transition zone基于位置服務(wù)    Based

6、60;on location service畸形線          Malformation line幾何變換        Geometric transformation檢驗(yàn)圖          Inspection chart解析幾何     

7、;   Analytic geometry空間要素        Space element平面坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)    Planar coordinate system曲流河          Meandering river人口普查地段    Census Lot上四分位數(shù)  

8、0;   The upper quartile矢量數(shù)據(jù)模型    Vector data model數(shù)據(jù)可視化      data visualization數(shù)據(jù)探查        Data exploration雙精度          Double precisio

9、n水文要素        Hydrological elements泰森多邊型      Tyson Polygons統(tǒng)一建模語言    Unified Modeling Language投影坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)    Projection coordinate system線緩沖區(qū)        L

10、ine buffer遙感數(shù)據(jù)        Remote sensing data用材林          Timber forest暈渲法          Halo rendering method指北針       

11、;   Compass屬性表          Property sheet最短路徑分析    Shortest path analysis最小二乘法     Least squares method翻譯例子如下。 1.A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system for capturi

12、ng, storing, querying, analyzing, and displaying geographically referenced data.1.地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）是用于捕捉，存儲(chǔ)，查詢，分析和顯示地理參考數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。2.A newly digitized map has the same measurement unit as the source map used in digitizing or scanning. If manually digitized, the map is measured in inches, same as the digitiz

13、ing table.2.新數(shù)字化地圖與數(shù)字化或掃描中使用的源地圖具有相同的測量單位。如果手動(dòng)數(shù)字化，地圖以英寸為單位進(jìn)行測量，與數(shù)字化表格相同。3.Although ideal for discrete features with well defined location and ,shapes, the vector data model does not work well with spatial phenomena that vary continuously over the space such as precipitation, elevation, and soil eros

14、ion.3.對于具有明確位置和形狀的離散特征，盡管理想，矢量數(shù)據(jù)模型不能很好地處理在空間連續(xù)變化的空間現(xiàn)象，如降水，海拔和土壤侵蝕。4.But the migration from the georelational to the object-based data model should be relatively easy because it is intuitive to think of spatial features as objects.4.從基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)到基于對象的數(shù)據(jù)模型的遷移應(yīng)該相對容易，因?yàn)閷⒖臻g要素視為對象是直觀的。5.New GIS data can be creat

15、ed from a variety of data sources. They include satellite images, field data, street addresses, text files with x and y coordinates, and paper maps.5.可以從各種數(shù)據(jù)源創(chuàng)建新的GIS數(shù)據(jù)。它們包括衛(wèi)星圖像，現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)，街道地址，帶有x和y坐標(biāo)的文本文件以及紙質(zhì)地圖。6.Projection converts data sets from geographic coordinates to projected coordinates, and repr

16、ojection converts from one type of projected coordinates to another type.6.投影將數(shù)據(jù)集從地理坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換為投影坐標(biāo)，再投影從一種類型的投影坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種類型。7.Spatial data editing refers to the process of adding, deleting, and modifying features in digital layers. A major part of spatial data editing is to remove digitizing errors.7.空間數(shù)據(jù)編輯

17、是指在數(shù)字圖層中添加，刪除和修改特征的過程?？臻g數(shù)據(jù)編輯的主要部分是刪除數(shù)字化錯(cuò)誤。8.The georelational data model stores spatial and attribute data separately in a split system: spatial data in graphic files and attribute data in a relational database.8.地理數(shù)據(jù)模型將空間數(shù)據(jù)和屬性數(shù)據(jù)分別存儲(chǔ)在分割系統(tǒng)中：圖形文件中的空間數(shù)據(jù)和關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫中的屬性數(shù)據(jù)。用英文回答下列問題，練習(xí)每章后面的問答題。例子如下：1Describe t

18、he two common types of data for terrain mapping and analysis.1.Two important types of field data that can be used in  a GIS project are survey data and global positioning systme (GPS) data.2

19、Describe three variations in buffering.2.The buffer distance can vary by the values of a given  field. Buffering can be on either the left side or the right side of the l

20、ine feature, instead of both sides. Buffer zones may remain intact so that each buffer zoneis separate from others, or dissolved so that there are no overlapped area

21、s between buffer zones. 3Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the raster data model vs. the vector data model. 3.The main advantage of the raster data model is having fixed cell locations, which mak

22、e it easier for data manipulation, aggregation, and analysis. The main disadvantage is its weakness in representing the precise location of spatial features.4Explain the difference between l

23、ocation errors and topological errors. 4.Location errors such as missing polygons or distorted lines relate to the geometric inaccuracies of spatial features, whereas topological errors such 

24、;as dangling lins  and unclosed polygons relate to the logical inconsistencis  between spatial features.5Explain the difference between the georelational data model and the object-based data model.5.The object-based data 

25、;model differs from the georelational data model in two aspects. First,the object-based data model stores both the spatial and attribute data of spatial features in a sin

26、gle system rather than a split system. Second, the object-based data model allows a spatial feature (object) to be associated with a set of properties and methods. 6

27、Explain the importance of map projection.6.A map projection offers a couple of advantages. First, a map projection allows us to use two-dimensional maps, either paper or digital, instead

28、0;of a globe. Second, a mapprojection allows us to work with plane or projected coordinates rather than longitude and latitude values. Computations with geographic coordinates 

29、;are more complex andyield less accurate distance measurements. 7How can an analysis mask save time and effort for raster data operations?7.Because an analysis mask limits data analysis to cells that do no

30、t carry the cell value of no data. it can save time and effort for raster data operations. 8Name five tools or techniques for vector data analysis. 8.Buffering ,overlay , distance measu

31、rement, spatial statistics and map manipulation .9Name the three types of simple features used in GIS and their geometric properties. 9.A point has 0 dimension and has only the property of location.A line&

32、#160;is one-dimensional and has the property of length. And an area is two-dimensional and has the properties of area (size) and perimeter.10Name two examples each for integer rasters and floatin

33、g-point rasters. 10.Examples of integer rasters are land use and soil types. Examples of floating-point rasters are precipitation and elevation.11The georelational data model uses a split system to store vector

34、 data. What does a split system mean?11.A split system stores spatial data in graphic files and attribute data in a relational database. Typically, a  georelational data model uses the 

35、feature label or ID to link the two components.12The output from a viewshed analysis is a binary map. What does a binary map mean in this case?12.The output from a viewshed analysis is a binary map, which showing visible