船舶電氣設備安裝工藝

1、目錄Contents第一章概述Chapter 1 General1. 主要內容Main contents2. 適用范圍Application3. 引用標準Refer standards第二章技術內容Chapter 2 technology1. 設備的配套Check item before installation 2. 設備安裝的基本工藝要求General requirement for equipment installation3. 各類電氣設備安裝的具體規(guī)定Detail requirement for followed units3.1電機Electric motor3.2主配電板和應急

2、配電板MSB & ESB 3.3控制設備及分配電設備Control panel & distribution box3.4蓄電池Battery3.5艙室照明燈具Cabinet lighting fixtures3.6照明附具Lighting appurtenance3.7日用電器Fan & heater3.8船內通訊,信號設備Internal communication equipment4. 設備安裝前的準備工作Preparation before installation5. 設備安裝的基本形式Basic form 6. 設備及電纜的接地Earthing of eq

3、uipment & cable7. 設備的進線Cable entrance8. 設備的接線Wire connection第三章閉杯閃點小于60 的油船電氣設備安裝工藝Cheaper 3 Additional technology for equipment installation on oil tanker which the flash point less than 60 1. 一般要求general 2. 危險區(qū)域或處所的化分及其電氣設備的安裝Dangerous area division & equipment installation3. 擴大危險區(qū)域或處所的劃分及

4、其電氣設備的安裝Widen dangerous area division & equipment installation4. 其它處所電氣設備及附加要求Additional requirement for other space5. 防爆電氣設備的基本要求Basic requirement for ex-proof equipment 6. 防爆電氣設備的安裝Installation requirement of ex-proof equipment第一章 概述Chapter 1 General 1. 主要內容Main contents 本工藝對入級鋼質船舶的：1. 電氣設備的安裝

5、提出了安裝工藝、接地、進出線等的具體要求和規(guī)定。以確保安裝質量。2.閉杯閃點60的油船的電氣設備施工工藝也作了規(guī)定。This technology ruled followed items for classed steel vessels:1. detail requirement for equipment installation, earthing, cable entrance and wire connection2. special technology for equipment installation, on oil tanker that the flash point

6、less than 602. 適用范圍Application用于我廠入級鋼質船舶（包括閉杯閃點60的油船）的電氣施工。其它特種船舶或船東提出的其它特殊工藝要求，應另編專用工藝文件，作為補充規(guī)定。For electric construction of classed steel ships (included oil tanker that the flash point more than 60)The special technology will been edited as additional standard, if for other special vessels or for

7、 special requirement bring forward by ship owner 3. 引用標準reference standards1. 中國船級社鋼質海船入級建造規(guī)范（1996）4分冊CCS Rules for Classification of Steel Ships（1996）part 42. 中國長江輪船總公司金陵船廠企業(yè)標準Corporation Standard of Jingling Shipyard 3. 中國船舶工業(yè)總公司電氣專業(yè)標準Specialty Standards of China Ship Industry Parent Company 4. BV

8、 規(guī)范 16分冊BV Rules part16 5. GL規(guī)范 3分冊（1992）GL Rules part 3（1992） 6. DNV規(guī)范 第四篇 第四章DNV Rules part 4 chapter 4 7. LR規(guī)范 6分冊LR Rules part 6第二章 技術內容Chapter 2 Technology Content1. 設備的配套Package of equipment1.1按照設備明細表(托盤D表)或電裝圖及電氣設備布置圖進行領料配套。所有電氣設備應有制造廠的產品合格證。重要設備應具有相應的船檢檢驗合格證或船用產品型式認可證或其它必須的證書，并注意其有效期限。Materi

9、als preparation is according to equipment list or material list and arrangement drawing and cable trays drawings. All electric equipment should have quality certificates from maker. Some important equipment should have class type approval certificate, equipment certificate or other necessary certifi

10、cate, and pay attention to the effective date. 1.2 核對設備型號、規(guī)格同設備明細表(托盤D表)及圖樣是否相符，并檢查設備及其零件有無缺損，必要時應測量設備的絕緣電阻。 Check whether equipment specification is accordance with equipment list and whether equipment has some defect. Measure insulation resistance if necessary. 1.3 檢查設備填料函的數量及規(guī)格是否與圖紙要求相符。Check whe

11、ther cable gland specification and quantities are in accordance with drawings. 1.4 按照相關圖紙，配齊及安裝好設備的底腳或支架及接地附件。Supports, foundation, ground accessories and so on to be prepared according to relative drawings. 1.5 按照相關圖紙，裝好設備的識別銘牌，對具有內部接線的設備，如分電箱、起動器等，應配齊必要的開箱圖。 For power distribution panels, starter

12、and so on, necessary principle drawing and nameplate to be installed correctly. 1.6配套好的電氣設備，存放在專門儲備處，存放場所應保持清潔、干燥。 Electric equipment should be placed in special store. The store should be kept dry and clean.2. 設備安裝的基本工藝要求Basic technical requirement of equipment installation.2.1 設備安裝應盡量考慮安全及便于使用、維修，

13、安裝場所應有足夠的照明并通風良好。For the equipment installation, the security and convenient for use and maintenance should been considered as far as possible. There should have enough lighting and good ventilation in installation site. 2.2 設備安裝不應破壞艙壁或甲板原有的防護性能及強度，在水密的艙壁、甲板和甲板室的外圍壁上不應鉆孔以螺絲緊固電氣設備。Equipment installat

14、ion should not break bulkhead or deck the defend capability and the intensity. It is not allowed that drill and screw for install the equipment on watertight bulkhead or deck.2.3 設備不應直接安裝在主甲板以下的船殼板上。Equipment should not direct installed on the shell under the main deck.2.4 在易燃易爆艙室，如蓄電池室、油漆間、煤艙等處，除該處

15、必須的防爆設備外，不應安裝其它電氣設備。In dangerous space, such as battery room, painting room and so on, prohibit installed non-safety equipment except needed ex-proof equipment.2.5 在油、水侵蝕或蒸汽易于積聚的地方，只能安裝相應防護等級的電氣設備。Electric equipment with relative IP class can be installed at such space, where water, oil and steam ar

16、e easy to accumulate.2.6 安裝在易受機械損傷場所的設備。其防護型式與安裝場所相適應。否則，應加裝必要的防護裝置。The equipment liable being machine damaged site, the protection degree should be accommodate to installation position. Otherwise, it should be adopted essential protection.2.7 艙室的封閉板內一般不應安裝電氣設備，但線路的分支接線盒可安裝 在便于開啟的木作板內， 且在板外應配有相應的銘牌。

17、Normally, electric equipment should not be installed inside closed panel of cabin. But junction box of circuit branch can be installed inside decoration panel, which is easy for open, and the relative nameplate should be performed.2.8 電氣設備若必須在油艙、油柜或雙層底、儲油艙等外壁表面安裝時，設備與此類艙壁之間至少應有50mm的距離，但工作時能產生高溫的電氣設備

18、（如各類電阻器），禁止在此類艙壁表面安裝。If the equipment has to be installed on the bulkhead of bulkhead of oil tank, the distance to the surface should be more than 50mm, and electric equipment (heater etc.) producing high temperature forbid installed on the mentioned place.2.9安裝場所如有劇烈震動，足以影響設備的正常可靠工作時，設備的安裝應采取適當的減震措

19、施。Proper absorber should be adopted if shake of installation place can influence normal and reliable working.2.10當非鋁合金設備支架安裝在鋁質輕圍壁上時，中間應有絕緣襯墊（如橡膠布，涂有白漆的帆布等）隔開，以防直接接觸引起電解腐蝕。When non-aluminum equipment support to be installed on aluminum bulkhead, insulation pad such as rubber, canvas with white paint

20、ing should be added between bulkhead and support in order to prevent electroanalysis.2.11調節(jié)電阻、啟動電阻、充電電阻、電熱器具以及其它工作時能產生高溫的電氣設備，應盡量遠離木質隔板等易燃物體和其它設備安裝，必要時中間應用絕熱材料隔開，當設備外殼溫度超過80時，應加防護網或在布置上予以安排，以防工作人員偶然觸及而灼傷。Electric equipment such as regulation resistance, start resistance, charge resistance, heater et

21、c, if high temperature to be occurred during they working, their installation should be far away from other flammable objects, heat insulation materials to be used between them and flammable equipment if necessary. When equipment out shell temperature is more than 80, proper arrangement or protectio

22、n net to avoid touching damage.2.12敞開式電氣設備應安裝在專用艙室內，否則其帶電部分應加防護罩，以防偶然觸及。Exposed equipment should be installed in special cabins, its electric part should had protection net in order to prevent touching by accident.2.13設備的安裝都應該是可拆的，其聯接應牢固，并有防止受震動而松脫的裝置。Equipment installation should be removable. The

23、connection should be tight and anti-loose.2.14除電壓不超過24V，且對無線電收訊機不產生干擾的設備及具有雙重絕緣的設備外，其它電氣設備的金屬外殼或開啟式設備的金屬骨架均應可靠接地。Except the equipment of voltage less than 24V and no effect for radio equipment, all metal shell of electric equipment should earth reliably.2.15設備安裝應在設備支架焊裝、補漆結束后進行，以保證設備本身的油漆及部件不受損壞。同時設

24、備安裝后，應用透明塑料布包扎起來。Equipment installation to be done after equipment support welding and painting in order to keep equipment painting and part of equipment not been damaged. After equipment installation, it should be covered by plastic.3各類電氣設備安裝的具體規(guī)定Detail requirement of electric equipment installatio

25、n 3. 1電機Motor發(fā)電機組的安裝，其轉軸應與船舶艏艉線平行，其它臥式電機的轉軸也盡量與艏艉線平行。立式電機的轉軸應與船舶水線平面垂直。Axis of auxiliary engine and horizontal motor should parallel with the centerline of the ship as far as possible. Stood motor axis to be vertical. 電機的安裝應留有測量轉速、觀察火花、維護換向器和碳刷架的空間。機組應有共同的底座。Leave space for measure revolution, obser

26、ve spark, maintenance commutator and carbon-brush. The motor group must have common base.3.2主配電板及應急配電板Main switchboard and emergency switchboard 配電板面板前通道的寬度應至少為800mm，后通道的寬度至少為600mm，如配電板的結構形式為可在前面和側面進行檢修，維護和更換部件時，允許后面不設通道。The passageway front MSB is not less than 800mm, The passageway behind MSB is n

27、ot less than 600mm. If maintenance can be done in the front and the side, it allows no passageway behind ESB.配電板前后應鋪有防滑和耐油的絕緣地毯或經絕緣處理的木格柵。The floor in front of and behind switchboard should be provided with insulating covering.配電板的上方不應裝有油、水及蒸汽管，如不能避免時，則應采取有效的防護措施，油柜及其它液體容器，不得在上述區(qū)域安裝。The oil pipe, wa

28、ter pipe and steam pipe should not above MSB. If not avoid, it must adopt effective protection. Oil tank and other liquid vessel shouldnt install the mentioned space.安裝在單底機艙內的落地式主配電板的底座應為具有水密性能的封閉式底座。即底座本身及與船底殼板之間的焊接、引入電纜的電纜管與底座的焊接，均應具有水密性能，以防油水在底座內積聚。If self-stand main switchboard installed in sing

29、le bottom engine room, closed foundation with watertight function to be equipped. Welding between foundation and ship hull, foundation and cable pipe to be watertight in order to prevent oil or water accumulation in foundation.3.3控制設備及分配電設備Control and distribution panel起動箱及分配箱的安裝高度，其上沿距甲板或花鋼板一般為1900

30、mm左右，同一區(qū)域內安裝的設備，其箱體的上沿應盡量對齊。The distance from up-edge of starter and distribution box to deck is about 1900mm, the equipment in same area, their up-edges must be same highness.落地安裝的電氣設備，如控制屏等則盡量安裝固定在甲板上的角鋼底座上，其底座高度一般為100200mm。Self-stand equipment (as control panel ) should be mounted on angle iron b

31、ase fixed on deck as far as possible. The highness of foundation is 100mm200mm.電機的起動箱，（組合起動屏除外）主令控制器或控制按鈕盒，應盡量安裝在電機附近，以便操作、檢修和觀察。Motor starter, (except GSP) control column or push button box should be mounted near the motor as far as possible.立式安裝的主令控制器或操縱臺（器），應設經防蝕處理過的鋼質底座，底座及底座內的穿甲板層的電纜管與甲板間焊接應具水密

32、性能，并應在設備與底座之間墊以厚度不小于5mm的橡皮，以保證水密及減振。Self-stand main control column or operation console should be equipped with antiseptic and steel foundation. Welding between cable pipe and deck inside foundation should be watertight. 5mm rubber should be provided between equipment and foundation in order to keep

33、 watertight and shock absorption. 主令控制器的安裝，應考慮其手柄操作的方便，手柄轉軸至操作平臺的高度一般為1m左右。Height from handle of control column to operation plate is about 1m.起動箱及分配箱上方不應裝有油、水及蒸氣管的法蘭接頭，如不可避免，必需采取相應的措施。The flange of oil pipe, water pipe and steam pipe should not be above starter and distribution panel. If cannot avo

34、id, suitable protection should be performed.3.4蓄電池Battery蓄電池應安裝在專用艙室或箱柜內，在機艙內若條件不許可，則可敞開安裝在通風良好的地方。放置蓄電池箱、柜及敞開安裝的蓄電池場所附近，不應有排氣管、蒸汽管等各種熱源或產生火花的設備。Battery should be mounted in expert cabinet or box or open mounted in place with good ventilation. And battery cannot be installed near all kinds of heat s

35、ource.蓄電池的安裝應便于檢測、維護和更換。保證空氣流通，若蓄電池為上下安裝，之間應留有不小于300mm的空間。若為并排安裝的蓄電池，其間的空隙應用不吸潮，耐電解液腐蝕的絕緣材料楔隔、襯墊和固定。蓄電池的底部應以厚度不小于2mm的青鉛皮或其它耐腐蝕材料制成的托盤加以襯墊。托盤的四周邊凈高度不小于45mm，以防電解液漏出腐蝕船體鋼材。對于敞開安裝的蓄電池，其上部還應設有大于電瓶組尺寸的擋板，以防下落物件或擱置物件損壞電瓶或造成短路。Battery shall be so installed as to ensure accessibility for changing, inspection

36、 and maintenance. If battery is multi-layer mounting, its space is not less than 300mm. If it is side by side, its space should be pad by anti-corrosion insulation. Tray should be pad by lead or anti-corrosion materials at least 2mm under battery. Free height around tray should not less than 45mm in

37、 case of steel hull corrosion by leakage of electrolyte. As to open mounted battery, baffle to be provided on top of it in case of battery damage or short circuit by falling things. 蓄電池（封閉式的除外）不得安放在居住艙室內。Battery should not be installed in accommodation cabin except free maintain type. 蓄電池的一般高度為電池液孔塞

38、至甲板不大于1.4m,否則應設有踏板以便操作。Battery height is not more than 1.4m generally, otherwise, provide pedal.蓄電池箱、柜應有獨立的通風裝置，其出風口設在上方，進風口設在下方，進出通風口一般設在箱、柜的對角線的兩端，在結構上，應設有檔板式彎頭，以防止水、火星或其它進入。Independent ventilation equipment should be equipped for battery box or cabinet. The outlet is above and inlet is below. Nor

39、mally, wind inlet and outlet should be performed at both side of diagonal of box or cabinet. Elbowed baffle to be provided in case of water, spark or other things come into box. 3.4.6 酸性蓄電池和堿性蓄電池不準放在同一蓄電池艙室、箱或柜內。 Lead-acid and alkalescent batteries cannot be mounted at same cabinets. 3.4.7 蓄電池接線完畢后，

40、所有接線柱處應用凡士林等油脂涂封，以防腐蝕。After battery connection, all terminal board should be covered with vaseline in order to prevent corrosion. 3.5艙室照明燈具Lighting fixtures艙室照明燈具應參照室內器具的具體位置及艙室結構適當布置，首先應保證操作及工作地點有必要的照明，并盡量保證艙室各處的照度。Cabin light shall proper arrange according to cabin structure and cabin apparatus. N

41、ecessary lighting for operation and working area should be kept. Also cabin lighting level to be kept. 具有兩個分路供電的艙室照明燈具應交叉或間隔布置。Alternation or cross arrangement should be kept for cabin lighting if two way power supply. 安裝在貨艙外走道露天甲板等其它易受機械損傷的場所的燈具，應有防護罩。應急照明的燈具，其外殼應有紅色應急標志，且該標志貼在燈具外殼的位置應統(tǒng)一。Protection

42、 covers to be provided if light fixtures to be installed in machinery space such as outside passageway of cargo hold and weather deck. For the emergency lighting, the red mark should be performed at same position.床頭燈Bed lamp 床頭燈安裝的位置一般為高于床鋪板750mm，離床頭（一般以靠近船艏或船舯的一端為床頭）300的側壁上，或頂頭中間。Bed lamp high is 7

43、50mm to bedplate, and 300mm to bed head, or on the middle of bed head wall.鏡燈及壁燈Mirror lamps and wall lamps鏡燈及壁燈的一般安裝高度為：壁燈：距地板1800mm 鏡燈：鏡子上方100mmGeneral height: wall lamps: 1800mm from floor Mirror lamps: 100mm above mirror投光燈，探照燈及航行信號燈Flood light, searching light and navigation & signal light

44、a.投光燈及探照燈的安裝應便于操縱，并應保證其可動部分在工作需要的照射范圍內轉動靈活無阻，光線不受阻礙。 Floodlight and search light installation should be easy for operation and turn their movable parts and without obstacles for their light. b.投光燈及探照燈應設有專用的燈架或燈座，燈架或底座的高度及形式與燈具的工作要求相適應。Floodlight and searching light should have special base, its heig

45、ht and type should be suit for working requirement. c.探照燈安裝時，應在其底部或底座間墊以厚度不小于5mm的橡皮，以保證水密。對于在室內用連桿控制的探照燈，其連桿的安裝亦應保證水密及操縱靈活。5mm rubber should be equipped between bottom of floodlight and its support in order to keep watertight. As to indoor searchlight controlled by lever, its levers installation sho

46、uld keep watertight and easy operation. e.氣體放電型投光燈的高壓觸發(fā)裝置應安裝在帶有“高壓危險”標記的金屬箱內，金屬箱內應盡量裝在人員不易觸及的地方。The flood light of gas discharge type, its high voltage touch device should mount in metal box with “DANGOUS: HIGH VOLTAGE” remarks. This metal box should be put such space where people can not touch it e

47、asily. f. 航行信號燈的安裝位置、高度及要求，應符合有關信號設備規(guī)范的規(guī)定。Installation location and height and requirement of navigation & signal light should meet the relative rules requirement.3.6照明附具 Light accessories暗式照明開關的安裝，其扳柄方向應一致，扳柄向上為“接通”，扳柄向下為“斷開”。The switch direction of flush mounted switches in cabin should be con

48、sistent, upwards it turn-on and downwards is turn-off. 潮濕和有爆炸危險的場所，其照明開關應能切斷所有絕緣極。The lighting switches in humidity and explode site can shut down all poles. 防水插座及開關插座的安裝，其插口不應朝上，并盡量避免向左，壁式安裝的非水密，插座的電源孔應為水平方向，接地孔在電源孔上方。Water-proof and watertight sockets installation, its plug hole should not be upwa

49、rds and towards left is avoid if possible. Wall mounted non-watertight socket, its power hole should be horizontal and earth hole is above power hole. 可開啟的舷窗下方不得安裝非水密電氣設備。Under the openable porthole, forbid mounting non-watertight electric equipment.分路接線盒應設有與系統(tǒng)圖、布置圖代號或名稱相一致的明顯耐久銘牌，銘牌的材料應為滯燃。Junction

50、 box of branch should be provided with enduring and clear nameplate. Nameplate material should be of flame retardant.機艙所處花鋼板以下及封閉的燃油和滑油分油機室內，不應安裝插座。Sockets not to be installed under platform of engine room and closed purifier room. 照明附具的安裝高度參照下表的規(guī)定（高度為地面至設備下沿）Installing high of lighting accessories

51、as follows, (height is deck to below edge of equipment)附具名稱 Accessories name安裝高度 Height附注 Remark室內開關及走道暗式開關Inner switch and flush-mounted switch in corridor距地面1.4m1.4m from floor靠近開門的一側安裝Near the open the door室內水密開關及走道防水開關Inner watertight switch and corridor watertight switch距地面1.5m1.5m from floor靠近

52、開門的一側安裝Near the open the door臺燈插座Table lamp socket距臺面0.15m0.15m from table face在臺面左側避開窗口Table ports. & avoid openable window 臺式電話插座Table telephone socket距臺面0.15m0.15m from table face在臺面右側避開窗口table stb. and avoid openable window臺扇插座Table fan socket距臺面0.15m0.15m from table face避開窗口Avoid openable w

53、indow壁扇插座Wall fan socket距地面1.8m1.8m from table face室內防水插座,開關插座Inner watertight socket and socket with switch距地面1.3m1.3m from floor落地暗式插座Lower flush-mounted socket距地面0.3m0.3m from floor避開窗口Avoid openable window高低壓插座箱H/L voltage socket距地面1.3m1.3m from floor3.7日用電器 fan and heater壁扇和頂扇的安裝位置，應保證在轉動時，不受阻礙

54、且不致影響人身安全. 壁扇安裝高度一般為距地面1.8m，頂扇的安裝高度一般為其轉動時的最低點距地面不小于2.0m。Wall fan and ceiling fan installation should be safety for crew during running. In general, Wall fan is 1.8m from deck. The lowest point of ceiling fan is 2.0m from deck. 電取暖器固定安裝，安裝場所不應有可燃物體及塵埃積聚，電取暖器如安裝在可燃材料附近時，二者應離開適當距離或采取絕墊隔墊的防護措施。Electric

55、 warm heater should be fixed in the space where no burnable object or dust gathered. If it nears the burnable material, there is enough distance or adopted insulation between of them.3.8船內通訊，信號設備Internal communication, signal equipment音響及燈光信號設備Sound and lighting signal equipment 音響及燈光信號設備應安裝在易于聽到和觀察

56、之處，并應設有必要的識別標記，電鈴(警鐘)的安裝，不得使鈴錘罩朝上，以免水及塵埃積聚。Sound and lighting signal equipment should be installed visible and audible. Necessary label should be equipped. For electric bell installation, the beat hammer cover should be downward in case of water and dust gathered.火警按鈕盒Fire alarm push button 火警按鈕盒應安裝在較醒目之處，安裝高度一般為：船員艙室內：1.5m，其余艙室或室外為1.7，配有擊錘的，其擊錘應設在火警按鈕右側。Fire alarm push button should be installe