基于MATLAB科學(xué)計(jì)算器

1、目錄計(jì)算器的效果圖2一、GUI設(shè)計(jì)界面：31.打開(kāi)GUI32.添加按鈕33.根據(jù)按鈕的作用及視覺(jué)效果做一定的修改：44.保存、添加功能函數(shù)4（1）數(shù)字鍵編寫(xiě)4（2）符號(hào)鍵的編寫(xiě)4（3）運(yùn)算符“=”的編寫(xiě)5（4）按鍵“back”的編寫(xiě)5（5）按鍵“清空”的編寫(xiě)5（6）按鍵“退出”的編寫(xiě)5（7）按鍵“二進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)十進(jìn)制數(shù)”的編寫(xiě)5（8）按鍵“十進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)二進(jìn)制數(shù)”的編寫(xiě)5二、計(jì)算器的使用6除法運(yùn)算（）6平方運(yùn)算（2）6函數(shù)cos （/3） 的計(jì)算7函數(shù)arctan （/3） 的計(jì)算7以2為底的對(duì)數(shù)的計(jì)算（log 2）8十進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)二進(jìn)制數(shù)的計(jì)算（調(diào)用dec2bin函數(shù)）8二進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)十進(jìn)制數(shù)的計(jì)算（調(diào)用b

2、in2dec函數(shù)）9三、附各按鍵的程序源代碼10四、問(wèn)題和解決方法15五、心得體會(huì)15參考文獻(xiàn)15計(jì)算器的效果圖:一、GUI設(shè)計(jì)界面：1.打開(kāi)GUI輸入Guide 回車(chē)或者在工具欄上點(diǎn)擊圖標(biāo)打開(kāi)Guide 窗口：2.添加按鈕3.根據(jù)按鈕的作用及視覺(jué)效果做一定的修改：雙擊按鈕（Puch Button）進(jìn)入按鍵屬性修改顯示字符串大小、字體和顏色，然后對(duì)按鈕的位置進(jìn)行排布，盡量使按鈕集中在靜態(tài)文本框下面。4.保存、添加功能函數(shù) 把做好的按鈕及靜態(tài)文本框保存后自動(dòng)彈出Editor的M文本，對(duì)然后對(duì)相應(yīng)的pushbutton添加功能函數(shù)。以下是相應(yīng)按鈕的功能函數(shù)。（1）數(shù)字鍵編寫(xiě)在function pu

3、shbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles）下輸入：textString = get(handles.text1,String);textString =strcat(textString,0);set(handles.text1,String,textString)這是使用句柄handles指向?qū)ο髏ext1，并以字符串形式來(lái)存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)文本框text1的內(nèi)容，并存儲(chǔ)數(shù)個(gè)“0”，然后由set(handles.text1,String,textString在text1中輸出。同理，分別在function pushbutton210_Callback

4、(hObject, eventdata, handles）下給19數(shù)字按鍵下編寫(xiě)此類(lèi)程序。（2）符號(hào)鍵的編寫(xiě)function pushbutton12_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString = get(handles.text1,String);textString =strcat(textString,);set(handles.text1,String,textString)strcat的作用是將兩個(gè)字符串連接起來(lái)，就是在已輸入的存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)textString后添加“”進(jìn)行運(yùn)算。然后執(zhí)行set(handles.text1,String

5、,textString)。符號(hào)鍵-、*、/與的運(yùn)算函數(shù)類(lèi)似?！捌椒竭\(yùn)算”,主要是由“2”功能實(shí)現(xiàn)。（3）運(yùn)算符“=”的編寫(xiě)textString = get(handles.text1,String);ans =eval(textString);“eval”的作用是將符號(hào)表達(dá)式轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)值表達(dá)式。再由set(handles.text1,String,ans)輸出。（4）按鍵“back”的編寫(xiě)textString=get(handles.text1, String)w=length(textString)t=char(textString)textString=t(1:w-1) %將w個(gè)字符串轉(zhuǎn)成w

6、-1個(gè)，即刪除了末位字符set(handles.text1,String,textString)（5）按鍵“清空”的編寫(xiě)set(handles.text1,String,)（6）按鍵“退出”的編寫(xiě)close(gcf);（7）按鍵“二進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)十進(jìn)制數(shù)”的編寫(xiě) textString=get(handles.text1,String)e = bin2dec(textString); set(handles.text1,String,e);（8）按鍵“十進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)二進(jìn)制數(shù)”的編寫(xiě) textString = get(handles.text1,String);textString = strcat(tex

7、tString,dec2bin();set(handles.text1,String,textString)二、計(jì)算器的使用除法運(yùn)算（） 平方運(yùn)算（2）函數(shù)cos （/3） 的計(jì)算 函數(shù)arctan （/3） 的計(jì)算 以2為底的對(duì)數(shù)的計(jì)算（log 2） 十進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)二進(jìn)制數(shù)的計(jì)算（調(diào)用dec2bin函數(shù)）二進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)十進(jìn)制數(shù)的計(jì)算（調(diào)用bin2dec函數(shù)） 經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算，這些結(jié)果均與實(shí)際結(jié)果相吻合，計(jì)算器的功能實(shí)現(xiàn)的完好且能實(shí)現(xiàn)較大數(shù)值的運(yùn)算，計(jì)算結(jié)果用科學(xué)技術(shù)法表示。三、附各按鍵的程序源代碼按鍵“0-9、+、-、.、= 、x2 ”（通過(guò)get函數(shù)獲得輸入的字符，函數(shù)strcat 獲得相應(yīng)字符,并用s

8、et函數(shù)進(jìn)行顯示輸出）：function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=strcat(textString,0)set(handles.text1,String,textString)function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=strcat(textString,1)se

9、t(handles.text1,String,textString)function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=strcat(textString,2)set(handles.text1,String,textString)function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=

10、strcat(textString,3)set(handles.text1,String,textString)function pushbutton5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=strcat(textString,4)set(handles.text1,String,textString)function pushbutton6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.te

11、xt1,String)textString=strcat(textString,5)set(handles.text1,String,textString)function pushbutton7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=strcat(textString,6)set(handles.text1,String,textString)function pushbutton8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)tex

12、tString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=strcat(textString,7)set(handles.text1,String,textString)function pushbutton9_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=strcat(textString,8)set(handles.text1,String,textString)function pushbutton10_Callback(hObject,

13、 eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=strcat(textString,9)set(handles.text1,String,textString)function pushbutton11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=strcat(textString,+)set(handles.text1,String,textString)function pushbu

14、tton12_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=strcat(textString,-)set(handles.text1,String,textString)function pushbutton13_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=strcat(textString,*)set(handles.text1,String,te

15、xtString)function pushbutton14_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=strcat(textString,/)set(handles.text1,String,textString)function pushbutton15_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=strcat(textString,.)set

16、(handles.text1,String,textString)按鍵“=” ：function pushbutton16_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)s=eval(textString)set(handles.text1,String,s)按鍵“x2” ： function pushbutton17_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)textString=strca

17、t(textString,2)set(handles.text1,String,textString)退位鍵“back”：function pushbutton18_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)textString=get(handles.text1,String)w=length(textString)t=char(textString)textString=t(1:w-1)set(handles.text1,String,textString)清空鍵：function pushbutton19_Callback(hObject, eventda

18、ta, handles)set(handles.text1,String,)退出鍵：function pushbutton20_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)close(gcf);% hObject handle to pushbutton20 (see GCBO)% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)科學(xué)計(jì)算函數(shù)：按鍵“”：通過(guò)get函數(shù)獲得輸入的字符，函數(shù)strread獲得輸入字符,并用sqrt函數(shù)計(jì)算結(jié)果，set函數(shù)進(jìn)行顯示輸出textString = get(h

19、andles.text1,String);if(strcmp(textString,0)=1) set(handles.text1,String,0) ;elsea = strread(textString, %f);a=sqrt(a);set(handles.text1,String,a)end按鍵“sin” （通過(guò)get函數(shù)獲得輸入的字符，函數(shù)strread獲得輸入字符,并用sin函數(shù)計(jì)算結(jié)果，set函數(shù)進(jìn)行顯示輸出）：textString = get(handles.text1,String);textString = strcat(textString,sin();set(handle

20、s.text1,String,textString)按鍵“cos” ：textString = get(handles.text1,String);textString = strcat(textString,();set(handles.text1,String,textString)按鍵“tan” ： textString = get(handles.text1,String);if(strcmp(textString,1.57)=1)|(strcmp(textString,-1.57)=1) set(handles.edit1,String,inf);elsetextString = s

21、trcat(textString,tan();set(handles.text1,String,textString)end按鍵“arcsin” ： textString = get(handles.text1,String);textString = strcat(textString,asin();set(handles.text1,String,textString)按鍵“arccos” ： textString = get(handles.text1,String);textString = strcat(textString,acos();set(handles.text1,Stri

22、ng,textString)按鍵“arctan” ： textString = get(handles.text1,String);textString = strcat(textString,atan();set(handles.text1,String,textString)按鍵“l(fā)og2” ： textString = get(handles.text1,String);if(strcmp(textString,0)=1) set(handles.text1,String,error) ;elsea = strread(textString, %f);a=log2(a);set(hand

23、les.text1,String,a)end按鍵“(” ： textString = get(handles.text1,String);textString = strcat(textString, ();set(handles.text1,String,textString)按鍵“)” ： textString = get(handles.text1,String);textString = strcat(textString,);set(handles.text1,String,textString)按鍵“二進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)十進(jìn)制數(shù)” ：textString=get(handles.text1,

24、String)e = bin2dec(textString); set(handles.text1,String,e);按鍵“十進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)二進(jìn)制數(shù)” ：textString = get(handles.text1,String);textString = strcat(textString,dec2bin();set(handles.text1,String,textString)四、問(wèn)題和解決方法1.本次課程設(shè)計(jì)中開(kāi)始時(shí)遇到的問(wèn)題是數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行清零后，再輸入其他的數(shù)據(jù)，清零后的字符0仍會(huì)保留，會(huì)影響其他數(shù)據(jù)，解決辦法是將數(shù)據(jù)用空格替換掉就實(shí)現(xiàn)了清空: set(handles.text1,String,)2.在定義正弦余弦等函數(shù)的時(shí)候，需要注意其定義域，值域的問(wèn)題。3開(kāi)始時(shí)我的“sin” 函數(shù)編程如下：textString = get(handles.text1,String);a = strread(