中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

1、中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)一、祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)1、祈使句結(jié)構(gòu) 祈使句用以表達(dá)命令，要求，請(qǐng)求，勸告等。1）祈使句有兩種類(lèi)型，一種是以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭，在動(dòng)詞原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人稱(chēng)主語(yǔ)的句子)。 Take this seat. Do be careful. 否定結(jié)構(gòu)： Dont move. Dont be late.2）第二種祈使句以let開(kāi)頭。Let 的反意疑問(wèn)句 a. Lets 包括說(shuō)話(huà)者 Lets have another try，shall we / shant we = Shall we have another tryb.Let us 不包括說(shuō)話(huà)者 Let us have another

2、 try，will you / wont you = Will you please let us have another try否定結(jié)構(gòu)：Lets not talk of that matter. Let us not talk of that matter.二、感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu) 感嘆句通常有what, how引導(dǎo)，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜 悅、等感情。what修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞，副詞或動(dòng)詞，感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種： 掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感嘆句的重點(diǎn)。How +形容詞+ a +名詞+陳述語(yǔ)序How+形容詞或副詞+陳述語(yǔ)序What +名詞+陳述語(yǔ)序What +a+形容詞+名詞+陳

3、述語(yǔ)序What+ 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 陳述語(yǔ)序What+ 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+ 陳述語(yǔ)序How clever a boy he is!How lovely the baby is!What noise they are making!What a clever boy he is!What wonderful ideas (we have)!What cold weather it is!感嘆句的省略形式為：What a clever boy (he is)!典型例題1）_ food youve cooked! A. How a niceB. What a niceC. How nice D.

4、 What nice答案D. 由于How 修飾形容詞，副詞；what修飾名詞。且food為不可數(shù)名詞，因此A，B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名詞，因此只有D正確，其句型為What + adj. +n. (不可數(shù))2）_terrible weather weve been having these days!A. What B. What aC. How D. How a答案A. weather為不可數(shù)名詞，B，D排除。C為how + adj. 后面不應(yīng)有名詞。只有A，符合句型What +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞。3) - _ I had! - You really suffered

5、 a lot. A. What a timeB. What time C. How a time D. how time答案A.感嘆句分兩類(lèi)： 1：What + n.+主謂部分 2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主謂部分。本題屬第一種，但省略了bad，相對(duì)于 What a bad time I had! 這是個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。三、句子的種類(lèi) 句子的種類(lèi) （一）按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。1）陳述句（Declarative Sentences）：說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比聲速度快。（說(shuō)明事實(shí)）

6、The film is rather boring. 這部電影很乏味。 （說(shuō)明看法）2）疑問(wèn)句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出問(wèn)題。有以下四種：a. 一般疑問(wèn)句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time.你能按時(shí)完成工作嗎 b. 特殊疑問(wèn)句（W Questions; H Questions）： Where do you live? 你住那兒 How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事 c. 選擇疑問(wèn)句（Alternative Questions）： Do you want tea or co

7、ffee 你是要茶還是要咖啡 d. 反意疑問(wèn)句（Tag-Questions）： He doesnt know her, does he. 他不認(rèn)識(shí)她，對(duì)不對(duì)3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出請(qǐng)求，建議或發(fā)出命令，例如：Sit down, please. 請(qǐng)坐。 Dont be nervous! 別緊張！4）感嘆句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示說(shuō)話(huà)人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒，例如：What good news it is!多好的消息?。。ǘ┚渥影雌浣Y(jié)構(gòu)可以分為以下三類(lèi)：1）簡(jiǎn)單句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句，

8、例如：She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜歡集郵。(主) (謂)2）并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號(hào)來(lái)連接，例如：The food was good, but he had little appetite.(主) (謂) (主)(謂)食物很精美，但他卻沒(méi)什么胃口。3）復(fù)合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一個(gè)主句從句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句，從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，例如：The film had begun when we got to the cinema

9、.主句 從句我們到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候，電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)演了。（三）基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英語(yǔ)中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種基本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化而來(lái)的：1）主 + 動(dòng)（SV）例如： I work.我工作。 2）主 + 動(dòng) + 表（SVP）例如： John is busy.約翰忙。 3）主 + 動(dòng) + 賓（SVO）例如： She studies English.她學(xué)英語(yǔ)。 4）主 + 動(dòng) + 賓 + 補(bǔ)（SVOC）例如： Time would prove me right. 時(shí)間會(huì)證明我是對(duì)的。 5）主 + 動(dòng) + 間賓 + 直賓（SVOiOd）例如： My

10、 mother made me a new dress.我母親給我做了一件新衣裳。need/want12.7 need/want/require/worth 注意：當(dāng) need, want, require, worth(形容詞)后面接doing也可以表示被動(dòng)。Your hair wants cutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了。 The floor requires washing. 地板需要沖洗。 The book is worth reading.這本書(shū)值得一讀。典型例題The library needs_, but itll have to wait until Sunday. A. cle

11、aning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned答案A. need (實(shí)意) +n /to do，need (情態(tài))+ do，當(dāng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，還可need + doing. 本題考最后一種用法，選A。如有to be clean 則也為正確答案。 典：done，不可能已經(jīng)。must not do 不可以（用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))。四、被動(dòng)表示主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in),

12、get marriesHe is graduated from a famous university. 他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學(xué)。注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。 He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl.五、主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng) 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 1) wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, driveThe book sells well. 這本書(shū)銷(xiāo)路好。

13、 This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。2) blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build I was to blame for the accident. Much work remains.3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容詞), deserve后的動(dòng)名詞必須用主動(dòng)形式。 The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired. This room needs cleaning. 這房間應(yīng)該打掃一下。 This book is wort

14、h reading.這本書(shū)值得一讀。4) 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。六、不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1) 不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：appear, die disappear, end (vi. 結(jié)束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, standbreak out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. After the

15、 fire, very little remained of my house.比較： rise, fall, happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise, seat是及物動(dòng)詞。 (錯(cuò)) The price has been risen. (對(duì)) The price has risen. (錯(cuò)) The accident was happened last week. (對(duì)) The accident happened last week. (錯(cuò)) The price has raised. (對(duì)) The price has been raised. (錯(cuò)) Please seat. (對(duì)) Pl

16、ease be seated. 要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問(wèn)題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多留意積累。 2) 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to This key just fit

17、s the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 3) 系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good. 4) 帶同源賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： die, death, dream, live, life She dreamed a bad dream last night. 5) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (對(duì)) She likes to swim. (錯(cuò)) To swim is liked by her.表示據(jù)說(shuō)或相信 的詞組 believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understandIt is said that 據(jù)說(shuō)