名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣（講義）

1、.高中英語名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣1. 通過本課的學習，可以全面掌握名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的根本用法。2. 通過本課的學習，可以初步理解虛擬語氣在不同類型名詞性從句中的詳細用法。重點：掌握與堅持、命令、建議、要求四類詞相關名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法。難點：wish賓語從句中虛擬語氣的用法。近幾年高考對于虛擬語氣的考察主要集中在語法填空和書面表達中，語法填空涉及動詞提示詞的填空中屢次出現(xiàn)對虛擬語氣的考察，考察難度不大。一、主語從句中的虛擬語氣：1. It iswas + 形容詞+ that從句當形容詞為important, necessary，strange，natural，appropriate,

2、 proper, right, desirable, essential, surprising, unthinkable等或名詞短語a good idea時。 2. It iswas + a pity / a shame / a surprise / no wonder + that從句3. It is demanded / suggested / ordered / required / .that-clause注意：這種主語從句由連詞that引導，虛擬語氣為“should動詞原形。其中should可省略。should 常譯成“應該、必須、竟然。It is important and ne

3、cessary that we should master a foreign language. 精通一門外語對我們來說是重要而且必要的。It is proper that an independent inquiry should take place. 進展獨立調查很適宜。It is strange that he should refuse your help. 他竟然回絕你的幫助真是奇怪。It is surprising that you should not understand me! 你竟然不理解我，真令人吃驚！Its a pity that you should miss a

4、 good chance. 你竟然錯過一個好時機真是遺憾。It is suggested that he should not spend too much time watching TV.有人建議他不應該花太多時間看電視。It is proposed that the plan should be delayed. 有人建議推延這項方案。Yang Liwei has won great honour for our country. Who is Yang Liwei?What a question! It is surprising _ the first spaceman in Chi

5、na. A. you didnt know our national hero B. to you not to know himC. you should know nothing about D. you knew nothing about答案：C思路分析：在it is surprising后的that從句中，謂語要用“should +動詞原形，其中should 含“竟然之意，是最正確答案。二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣：1. wish后賓語從句須用虛擬語氣：表示與如今事實相反的愿望，從句謂語須用過去式were；表示與過去事實相反的愿望，從句謂語須用had+過去分詞；表示將來沒有把握或者不大可

6、能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句謂語須用would / could / might+動詞原形。2. 與堅持、命令、建議及要求四類詞相關的賓語從句中需要用should+動詞原形的虛擬語氣。這四類詞包括一個堅持：insist；兩個命令：order，command；三個建議：advise，suggest，propose；四個要求：demand，request，require，desire / ask。I wish that I could fly freely in the sky.我希望我們可以在天空中自由飛翔。I wish I had seen you at the party yesterday.我真希望在

7、昨天的宴會上見到你。I wish I would have another chance next year.我希望下一年還有時機。He ordered that the students should wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他命令學生們每周自己洗衣服。The doctor suggested that she should have an operation at once.醫(yī)生建議她立即手術。should省略后，she后會緊接著have，這是正確的Mr. Li required the computer equipment r

8、eferred _ used in every classroom. A. should be B. have to be C. to be D. to being答案：C思路分析：句中referred to是過去分詞短語，作the computer equipment 的定語，意為“被提到的計算機設備；在表示“要求的require, request, ask, demand等動詞后的賓語從句的謂語要用“should+動詞原形，所以從句的謂語動詞是be used，省略了should。三、表語從句中的虛擬語氣：1. 在名詞“suggestion, proposal, idea, plan，ord

9、er, advice, desire, requirement, request, command, decision, recommendation等作主語時后面的表語從句中，用“should+動詞原形，其中should可省略。2. as if as though引導的表語從句中的虛擬語氣。My advice is that we should get more people to attend the conference. 我的建議是我們應該讓更多的人參加會議。My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. 我的要求是她應

10、該一周來看我一次。It seems as if the meeting would never end. 看來會議沒完沒了。與將來相反It seems as though he had been there many times. 好似他已經(jīng)去過那里好屢次了。與過去事實相反It seems as if nobody knew what happened. 好似沒有人知道發(fā)生了什么事。What the customers _ from the company is that the goods _ right to their homes.A. requested, deliver B. dem

11、and, be delivered C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered答案：B思路分析：從is可知what從句中的謂語動詞request或demand用一般如今時，表示一般狀況；而動詞request / remand有關的表語從句用虛擬語氣：should+動詞原形。第二空動詞deliver與主語the goods是被動關系，省略should后，填be delivered。四、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣：與表示“決定、主張、要求、建議、命令的動詞相對應的名詞構成的同位語從句中常用should+do構造。The requirement tha

12、t students should learn to protect themselves is successfully carried out in most schools. 學生必須學會保護自己，這一要求在大多數(shù)學校都能順利施行。 I made a proposal that we should hold a meeting next week. 我提議我們應該下周開個會。He made the demand that all the students should go home at once.他作出要求，所有學生要立即回家。Youd better follow my advice

13、 that he English hard with the help of his mother. A. studies B. studied C. study D. must study答案：C思路分析：此題考察虛擬語氣，在advice等詞后跟的同位語從句中需要should+動詞原形的虛擬語氣，其中should可以省略。因此選擇C選項。1. Janes face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she_ a medical examination.A. be; should have B. was; have

14、 C. should be; had D. was; has2. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 4. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _ right awa

15、y. A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested5. Robert wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. had studied 6. My suggestion is that she _ more exercise, which will do a lot of good to her. A. takes B. must take C. take D. took 答案：BBBCDC思路分析：1. 第一個suggest意為“說明，賓語從句不用虛擬語氣，謂語用was；第二個suggest表示“建議，賓語從句用虛擬語氣“should+動詞原形，should可以省略。2. 每一家都有一個帶花園的大房子是一種很難實現(xiàn)的愿望，wish后的虛擬語氣用過去式表示對如今或將來的虛擬。3. insist 在此句中表示“堅決要求，后接的賓語從句要用