非謂語動詞解題指導及強化訓練

1、非謂語動詞解題指導及強化訓練在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式:不定式，動名詞，和分詞(分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。1）不定式 (to do) 表示目的，將來時態(tài)語態(tài) 主動被動一般式to do to be done 完成式 to have doneto have been done2）動名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞 ing 表示主動，同時進行時態(tài)語態(tài) 主動被動一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done3）過去分詞 ed 表示被動，完成的狀態(tài) 否定形式： not + to do，not + -ing，not

2、+ -ed在做題過程中，如果能按照“先結(jié)構(gòu)，再語態(tài)，后時態(tài)”這三步思考，再難的題目也能迎刃而解。 一、先結(jié)構(gòu)。非謂語動詞充當動詞的賓語或賓語補足語的時候，它的形式要由前面的動詞決定。因此，我們要先考慮它與前面動詞固定搭配的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。有些動詞的賓語只接動詞不定式(to do)，如agree, ask, decide, expect, pretend, want, wish, learn, seem等；而有些動詞或動詞短語則要求只能用動名詞(-ing)作賓語，如appreciate, avoid, delay, allow, suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, im

3、agine, forbid, risk, mind, stand, consider, insist on, escape, look forward to等；還有一些使役動詞的固定搭配，如have sth. done等，動詞搭配的結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)固定了非謂語的形式。例如： He was pretending _ while his mother came in his study. A. reading B. to be reading C. read D. be reading 只要學生掌握動詞pretend后只能接不定式作它的賓語，即pretend to do sth（假裝做某事）這個結(jié)構(gòu)的話，

4、一眼就可選出B這個正確答案。 二、再語態(tài)。不必考慮或考慮完畢非謂語動詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)后，再分析非謂語動詞與它的邏輯主語的關(guān)系，如果是被動關(guān)系，則要選用相應(yīng)的被動形式，如to be done, being done, done等。例如： _ from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion. A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See 非謂語動詞see與其邏輯主語the mountain的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，所以答案選A。 三、后時態(tài)。 前面兩種情況都考慮完后，我們要根據(jù)語境分辨非謂語動詞這個動作或狀態(tài)與對應(yīng)的謂語動詞兩個動作發(fā)生

5、的順序選擇正確的時態(tài)。如果非謂語動詞這個動作或狀態(tài)在對應(yīng)的謂語動詞之前所發(fā)生的，則要用完成式having done, to have done（主動）或having been done, to have been done（被動）；同時發(fā)生的，用進行式doing（主動）或being done（被動）；之后發(fā)生的，可用不定式to do（主動）或to be done（被動）。如： He seemed _ by his father since he looked upset then. A. to be scolded B. to have been scolded C. being scolde

6、d D. scolded首先，我們要考慮seem接賓語的非謂語動詞形式是不定式，即seem to do sth.，其次我們要考慮scold跟邏輯主語He的關(guān)系是被動，即seem to be scolded，最后我們要考慮時態(tài)，seemed已經(jīng)是過去時，而且從句since he looked upset then也是過去時，因此scold這動作肯定是在seem和look之前發(fā)生。這樣推下來，只有B項( seemed to have been scolded)符合題目意思和邏輯。典型例題：1. _ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. A

7、. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising2. Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with the table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing3. No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. performed B. performing c. to be perform

8、ed D. being performed4. _ this cake, youll need 2eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making5. My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought6. Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im

9、 not sure whether he can manage it. A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly7. _ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed8. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C. to run

10、 D. ran9.You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained10. The manager, _ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making11._ from other continents for

11、 millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated12. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have

12、waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 13. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed14. You were silly not_ your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 15. The old man,

13、_abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked16. Dont leave the water _while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run17.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found_ in the kitchen. Asmoke Bsmoking Ct

14、o smoke Dsmoked18. Having a trip abroad is certainty good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen19. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffere

15、d20. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. Aexpected Bto expect Cto be expecting DexpectsKeys:1-5: B C A C B 6-10: A B B D B 11-15: C C C B D 16-20: B B B A B部分題目詳解：1第1題：句子意思是“Tony既驚訝又高興地站起來接受獎賞”。動詞surprise跟邏輯主語Tony的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，表示一種方式狀態(tài)，不強調(diào)兩個動作的同時進行，因此選B。2第2題：這是一個祈使句，意思為“別站在那兒

16、，啥也不干。過來幫我擺桌子?！逼硎咕渲惺÷粤酥髡Zyou，do在這充當非謂語，跟邏輯主語you是主動關(guān)系；根據(jù)語境，do和sit兩個動作是同時進行的，因此選C。3第3題：動詞perform跟它的邏輯主語the works of Beethoven的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，frequently（經(jīng)常）明確它的狀態(tài)是一般式，因此選A。4第4題：由主句youll need看出，這蛋糕還沒做，因此，非謂語動詞make要用不定式表示目的狀語，所以選C。5第6題：sound是聯(lián)系動詞，要接形容詞當它的表語，其中A、B都是由分詞轉(zhuǎn)換的形容詞，而interest的邏輯主語是Tom，即相當于結(jié)構(gòu)sb be interes

17、ted in sth.，因此選A。6第9題：由結(jié)構(gòu)sb. have sth. done（使某人做某事，或使某事被做）決定。句意是“你到現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該明白這交通規(guī)矩了。你已經(jīng)夠經(jīng)常讓人給你解釋它了?！庇山Y(jié)構(gòu)決定非謂語動詞形式的題目還有14題（be + adj. + to do）；16題（leave sb. /sth. doing, 使某人/事物一直做某事）；18題（it remains to be seen還要看情況發(fā)展）;20題（疑問詞to do）等。7第10題：make跟邏輯主語the manager是主動關(guān)系，而且跟句中謂語left有明顯的先后關(guān)系，因此選B。非謂語動詞跟句中的謂語動詞有明顯的先

18、后關(guān)系，從而決定非謂語的時態(tài)是用完成時的題目還有11，12，13，14，15和19題。非謂語動詞典型考題解析例1、The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught【解析】答案為C。 lead to這個詞組中to是介詞，后面跟名詞，于是B被排除，the thief是動名詞邏輯上的主語，構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，與catch之間應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系，故排除A。常見的帶介詞to的短語有：(

19、get) be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。例2、Though _money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in【解析】答案為C. lack是及物動詞，后接賓語money。his parents與lack是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，要用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。譯文：雖然缺錢，他的父母親還是設(shè)法讓他上了大學

20、。 例3、 _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed【解析】答案為C。 在非謂語動詞中，用動名詞或不定式來作主語，而分詞和介詞短語不能作主語，因此A、D被排除。在這個句子中，will do是謂語，缺少主語，要用動名詞作主語。expose與ones skin是動賓關(guān)系，所以要用動名詞的被動式being exposed。譯文：在陽光下曬太長時間對人的皮膚有壞處。例4、_ into use

21、 in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put【解析】答案：A put sth. into use “讓投入使用”。顯然，put 和句子主語the hotline 構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以用表示被動的過去分詞。例5、It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours jus

22、t _ a look at the sports stars.A. had B. having C. to have D. have【解析】答案：C 動詞不定式充當目的狀語。例6、With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 【解析】答案為C.動詞不定式to settle作為difficult problems的定語表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪鉀Q的難題；過去分詞settle

23、作定語表示已經(jīng)解決的難題，現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式being settled作定語表示正在解決的難題。例7、More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken【解析】答案：A take advantage of （利用）和句子主語More and more people 構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，且和句子謂語sign up for

24、(報名參加)同時發(fā)生，所以選擇A。例8、 Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit【解析】答案為A。 該句中的but是介詞，后接動詞不定式。當謂語動詞是do，does或did時，后接不帶to的不定式；是其他動詞時，后接帶to的不定式。該句的謂語是could do nothing，要填動詞原形admit。譯文：山德不得不向老師承認自己錯了。例9、 He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further

25、 information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope【解析】答案為B。 現(xiàn)在分詞hoping表示與send me an e-mail同時發(fā)生的動作。一些考生認為應(yīng)該填不定式作目的狀語。不定式作目的狀語時，句子的正確形式是：He sent me an e-mail to get further information.不需要hope一詞，如果要選擇“hoped”時，句子的正確形式是：He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。“hope”和“sent”作并列謂語。強化練習1：

26、1. _ of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend _ her.A. Warning, following B. Having warned, following C. Having been warned, following D. Warned, followed2. Michael never dreamt of _ for him to be sent abroad very soon.A. being a chance B. theres a chance C. there to be a

27、chance D. there being a chance3. Farmland _ quickly, so they are considering _ a programme to solve the problem.A. is getting lost, starting B. is lost, to start C. is losing, starting D. loses, to start 4. Which do you enjoy _ your holiday, going abroad or staying at home? A. spending B. to spend C

28、. being spent D. spend5. This problem is far from _, so it has to be discussed again at tomorrows meeting. A. settled B. settling C. being settled D. being settling6. What is the way George thought of _ enough money to buy the house? A. to get B. getting C. having got D. being got7. Henry doesnt see

29、m like the same person. _ so much in the war has made him more thoughtful.A. For him to see B. His seeing C. Having seen D. To be seeing8 . I really appreciate _ to holiday with you on this nice island . Its my pleasure .A. have time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time 9 .They really ha

30、ve a great time too , designing everything , drawing the blue prints , _the angles and so on . A. looking out B. taking out C. finding out D. figuring out 10. David apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to he

31、 not able11. At the seventh International Ballet Competitions , Fernando Bujones won the first gold medal ever _ to an American male dancer .A. awarded B. to be award C. being awarded D. should be awarding 12.The student, if well _ , will pass the examination without much difficulty. A. preparing B.

32、 prepared C. to prepare D. ready13. _ a little money , Jane was able to buy her mother a lovely new watch . A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved 14.We saw new houses _ wherever we went on our visit. A. built B. being built C. building D. to build15.That gas pipeline project, _in July 2007 a

33、nd _ in 2009, will be Chinas longest gas pipeline in history.A. starting; completing B. started; to be completed C. to start; completed D. starting; completed16. Tom does speak Chinese well, but his reading and writing skills leave much _. A. to improve B. to be improved C. improving D. improved17.

34、To get an education, _. A. working hard is very important B. working hard is needed C. one must work hard D. it is needed to work hard18.Where is our English teacher? She is in the classroom, _ the exercises _ the students have done at home.A. explaining; / B. explaining; for C. explained; to D. exp

35、lained; from19. Comparison may make something appear more beautiful than it is when _ alone. A. to see B. seeing C. is seen D. seen20.What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night ?I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ things worse , it began to pour .A. making B. to make C. havi

36、ng made D. made 21. It rained nonstop for ten days , completely _ our holiday. A. to ruin B. ruined C. having ruined D. ruining 22. _ as the “First Lady of Speech”, Dr Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the worlds leading experts on communication skills.A. Knowing B. Having known C. Known D. To b

37、e known23.At the computer operation test, one is supposed to stay at his own machine, keep his eyes on his screen, _ to anyone.A. and not to speak B. but could not speak C. instead of speaking D. or rather speak24. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday.A. being ro

38、bbed B. to have been robbed C. robbed D. having been robbed25. He sat back on the chair, took a book and began to read, _.A. being looked at ease B. looked rather at ease C. to look rather at ease D. looking rather at ease26. With online course Crazy English has over 20 million students all over Chi

39、na _ the class through the Internet .A. attend B. attended C. attending D. to be attending 27. In order not to be disturbed ,I spent three days _ in my study. A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. lock28. As we all know, it was _ that resulted in the terrible car accident.A. because of her carelessness

40、 B. her being careless C. because she was careless D. she was so careless29. With a lot of difficult problems _, the manager felt worried all the time. A. settled B. to be settled C. settling D. to settle30. _ at a college or university in the USA, Chinese and other international students must demon

41、strate a strong ability in spoken and written English.A. Having been accepted B. To be accepted C. Being accepted D. AcceptedKeys：1. C warn這一動作發(fā)生在主句動作had to go之前，應(yīng)用-ing的完成形式，且與主句的主語存在著被動關(guān)系；a friend與follow之間是主動關(guān)系。故選C。2. D of為介詞，后應(yīng)用-ing形式，且此處是there be結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。3. A 由題意知，農(nóng)田逐步消失，故應(yīng)用is getting lost，表示漸進的過程；

42、consider作考慮講時，后應(yīng)接動詞的-ing形式或帶有疑問詞的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。4. B 此題極易受enjoy后接動詞-ing形式的干擾，從而錯選A或C。其實，enjoy的賓語是which，即在going abroad與staying at home作出選擇；to spend your holiday是作目的狀語的。故選B。5. C 介詞from后應(yīng)用動詞的-ing形式，且settle與problem之間存在著被動關(guān)系，故選C。6. A 此題可采用減元法。 George thought of 是way 的定語從句，可以去掉，則該句變?yōu)閃hat is the way_ enough mon

43、ey to buy the house？way的定語可用to do或of doing。故選A。7. B 很明顯答語在結(jié)構(gòu)上缺少主語。To do 與-ing都可充當主語，但 to do充當主語多表示某一具體的動作，且多表將來。故選B。8. B appreciate enjoy finish avoid動詞后應(yīng)用動詞的-ing形式充當賓語。故選B。9. D figure out 與design，draw是并列的，作狀語，結(jié)構(gòu)形式上也應(yīng)一樣。故選D。10. C 介詞for后應(yīng)用動詞的-ing形式，排除B、D；所有非謂語動詞的否定詞not都應(yīng)加在非謂語動詞之前，即not to do ,not doing, not having done, not done11. A 本題考查非謂語動詞作定語的用法。award與修飾的名詞medal存在著被動關(guān)系，且發(fā)生在主句動作won之前，故選A。12. B 本題考查過去分詞充當條件狀語的用法。此題可采用增元法，把if