小學英語語法歸納總結

1、一、名 詞（）表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。強調：不可數(shù)名詞都默認為單數(shù)，所以總是用is或者was；最好不要根據some、any、a lot of等詞去作判斷，以免受誤導。普通名詞前可以用不定冠詞a/an,定冠詞the或不加冠詞，專有名詞前一般不加冠詞，專有名詞的首字母要大寫。 可數(shù)名詞可以數(shù)的名詞 ()名詞 不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)不清（沒有復數(shù)）() drink?milkteawaterorangejuicecokecoffeefood?ricebreadmeatfishfruitcakedumplings2、可數(shù)名詞與不定冠詞a(an)連用有數(shù)數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞不能與

2、不定冠詞a(an)連用，沒有復數(shù)形式many+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)much/a little+不可數(shù)名詞1、可數(shù)名詞如何變“復數(shù)形式”：()a一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；讀音：清輔音后讀s，濁輔音和 元音后讀z。b以s. x. sh. ch結尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；讀音：iz。c以“輔音字母+y”結尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；讀音：z。

3、d以“f或fe”結尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；讀音：z。e以“o”結尾的詞，分兩種情況1）有生命的+es 讀音：z 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) 無生命的+s 讀音：z 如：photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children,

4、 foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people,Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 2、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)。如果要計算不可數(shù)名詞所表達的數(shù)量，就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上“量詞+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice判斷步驟： 如是am、is或was原形讀句子讀該單詞認識該單詞理解意思看be動詞 如是are或were加s或es練一練：1、寫出下列各詞的復數(shù)。 I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ man

5、go_child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ engineer_ peach_sandwich _ man_ woman_ leaf_ people_2、用所給名詞的正確形式填空。（1）Are there two ( box ) on the table?（2）I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.（3）How many ( day ) are there in a week?（4）Herere five ( bottle )

6、 of ( juice ) for you.（5）This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.二、冠 詞()冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立使用，通常放在名詞的前面，分為“不定冠詞”和“定冠詞”兩種。1、不定冠詞：a、an。用在單數(shù)名詞前，表示“一個，一件”。an用在以元音“音素”開頭的單詞前。如： an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour2、定冠詞：the。用在單數(shù)或者復數(shù)名詞前。the沒有具體意思，有時翻譯為這、那。它的基本用法： （1）用來表示特指某（

7、些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new. （2）表示說話者雙方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please. （3）表示再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful. （4）用在表示世界上獨一無二的事物前。如：the sun太陽 the moon月亮 the earth地球 （5）用在由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前。如：the Great Wall長城 （6）用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。如：the Changjiang River長江 （7）此外，序數(shù)詞、形容詞

8、最高級、樂器名稱等詞前面和一些習慣用語中一般都用定冠詞the。如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class確定用a、an還是the時可根據漢語意思。練一練：1、用a或an填空。_ “U”_ ice-cream _ goalkeeper_ teapot _apple_office _English book _umbrella _unit _hour 2、根據需要，填寫冠詞a，an或the。（1）Who is_girl behind_tree?（2）_old man has two children,_ son

9、and_daughter.（3）This is_ orange._ orange is Lucys.（4）He likes playing_guitar. We have_same hobby.（5）We all had_good time last Sunday.（6）She wants to be_doctor.三， 數(shù) 詞()我們學過兩類：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。基數(shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。區(qū)別：基數(shù)詞前面沒有“the”；序數(shù)詞前一定要有“the”。1、超過二十以上的兩位數(shù)需要在個位和十位之間加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one2、三位數(shù)以上的則需要在百位數(shù)

10、后再加上and。如：101 a/one hundred and one3、用基數(shù)詞來修飾可數(shù)名詞時，一定別忘了它的復數(shù)形式。如：十八個男孩 eighteen boys4、用基數(shù)詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞時，如是復數(shù)，變它的量詞為復數(shù)。如：兩碗米飯 two bowls of rice5、序數(shù)詞一般加“th”，特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth “第幾十幾”：前面整十不變，后面“幾”改為序數(shù)詞。如：88 eighty-eighth練一練：1、請翻

11、譯下列短語。 （1）60名學生 （2）15本英語書 （3）九杯涼水 （4）4個孩子 （5）12月31 （6）6月2日 （7）第九周 （8）40年前 （9）11+7 （10）上學第一天 2、把下列基數(shù)詞改成序數(shù)詞。one- two- three- nine- fourteen- twenty- thirty-five-eighty-one四、代 詞 ()代詞有兩種：人稱代詞和物主代詞。1、人稱代詞分為：第一、第二、第三人稱，且有單復數(shù)之分。2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語，一般用在動詞前（疑問句除外）；賓格在句中做賓語，多 用于動詞、介詞后。3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，后面一定要跟名詞，表

12、示該名詞是屬于誰的。4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如： This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.一般看后面有沒有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞；如無，就用名詞性物主代詞。 請牢記下表：單數(shù)復數(shù)人稱 代詞主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主 代詞形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs練一練：1、按要求寫出相應人稱代詞。I（賓格）_ s

13、he（形容詞性物主代詞）_ we（名詞性物主代詞）_ he（復數(shù)）_ us（單數(shù)）_ theirs（主格）_ its（賓格）_ 2、想一想，把下表補充完整。人稱代詞物主代詞單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性第一人稱meusour第二人稱youyou第三人稱hethemhistheirheritits3、用所給詞的適當形式填空。1）That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2）The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3）Is this _

14、watch? ( you ) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4）_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5）_ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _? ( you ) 6）Show _ your kite, OK? ( they ) 7）I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 8）Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _.

15、_ arent here. ( they ) 9）Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we ) 10）_ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _is a nurse. ( she ) 11）Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 12）Dont touch _. _is not a cat, _ is a tiger! ( it )13）_ sister is ill. Please go and see

16、_. ( she ) 14）The girl behind _ is our friend. ( she )五、形容詞()副詞1、形容詞表示某一事物或人的特征，副詞表示某一動作的特征。形容詞和副詞有三種形式：原形、比較級、最高級。比較級：+er 最高級：the +est兩個重要特征：asas中間一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。2、形容詞、副詞比較級的規(guī)則變化如下：（1）一般直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster 單音節(jié)詞如果以-e結尾，只加-r。如：late - later（2）重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個輔音字母，須雙寫這個字母，再加-er。如：big

17、 - bigger, fat - fatter（3）以輔音字母加-y結尾的詞，變y為i，再加-er。如：heavy - heavier, early - earlier（4）雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級應在原級前加more構成。如：beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting（5）有些不規(guī)則變化的，須逐一加以記憶。如：good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, far farth

18、er/further, old older/elder練一練：1、寫出下列形容詞、副詞的比較級。big good long tall old short thin heavy young fat light strong high far low early late well fast slow 2、用括號內所給單詞的適當形式填空。1) I can swim as_ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.2) Look! His hands are_ ( big ) than mine.3) I think you do these things_ ( well ) t

19、han your classmates.4) Whose bag is_ ( heavy ), yours or mine?5) Does Jim run as_（slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_ ( slow ) than them.6) You have seven books, but I have_ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.7) I jump_ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.8) Im very_ ( thin ), but shes_ ( thin )

20、than me.9) It gets_and_ ( warm ) when spring comes here.六、介 詞1、一種虛詞。不能單獨作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的賓語一起構成介詞短語，才能在句子中起作用。有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, fromto, at the back of2、表示時間的介詞有：at, on, in。（1）at表示“在某一個具體的時間點上”，或用在固定詞組中。如：at ten ocloc

21、k, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend（2）on表示“在某日或某日的時間段”。如：on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning（3）in表示“在某一段時間（月份、季節(jié)）里”。如：in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 20053、in一詞還有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿著藍色的衣服），in English（用英語表達），take part in（參加）。練一練：1、選用括號內恰當?shù)慕樵~填空。1) Whats this_ ( at

22、, on, in ) English?2) Christmas is_ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.3) The man_ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hais father.4) He doesnt do well_ ( at, on, in ) PE.5) Look at those birds_ ( on, in ) the tree.6) We are going to meet_ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop_ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.7) Is th

23、ere a cat_ ( under, behind, in ) the door?8) Helens writing paper is_ ( in, in front of ) her computer.9) We live_ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.10) Does it often rain_ ( at, on, in ) spring there?2、圈出下列句子中運用不恰當?shù)慕樵~，并將正確的答案寫在橫線上。1) Jim is good in English and Maths. 2) The films were in the ground ju

24、st now. 3) They are talking to their plans. 4) How many students have their birthdays on May? 5) Womens Day is at the third of March. 6) I can jog to school on the morning. 7) Did you water trees at the farm? 8) Can you come and help me on my English? 9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning. 10)

25、What did you do on the Spring Festival? 七、動 詞 ()這里所說的動詞是指各種動詞總稱，其中包括be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、行為動詞（就是我們平時總說的那種動詞）。動詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用“一（量詞）”（如：一個、一張等）和這個詞連起來說，如說得通，一般認為是名詞；說不通再用“很”去判斷，就是把“很”和為個詞連起來說，說得通一般就是形容詞；都說不通就是動詞。（目前我們學過的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明顯的，如人稱代詞、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動詞等一下就可以知道）1、be動詞（ am, is, are, was, were

26、）1）amwas, is was, are-were 口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有復數(shù)全用are。2）肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. 3）一般疑問句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is

27、 the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 4）be動詞的否定形式：am not（沒有縮寫形式），are not = arent ，is not = isnt 。用恰當?shù)腷e動詞填空。 練一練： 1、用be動詞的適當形式填空。1）I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2）The girl_ Jacks sister. 3）The dog _ tall and fat. 4）The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5）_ your brother in the classroom? 6）How _

28、your father? 7）Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 8）Whose dress _ this? 9）Whose socks _ they? 10）Who _ I? 11）The jeans _ on the desk. 12）Here _ a scarf for you. 13）Here _ some sweaters for you. 14）The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 15）This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 16）The two cups of milk _ for me. 17

29、）Some tea _ in the glass. 18）Gao shans shirt _ over there. 19）My sisters name _Nancy.20）_ David and Helen from England? 21）There _ a girl in the room. 22）There _ some apples on the tree. 23）_ there any apple juice in the bottle? 24）There _ some bread on the plate. 25）You, he and I _ from China.26）Th

30、ere _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 2、助動詞（ do, does, did ）do, does用于一般現(xiàn)在時，其過去式did用于一般過去時。它們通常用在疑問句和否定句中。它們的否定形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。注意：在一般現(xiàn)在時中，does用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其余一律用助動詞do；助動詞do, does, did后面一定要用動詞原形。練1、用適當?shù)闹鷦釉~填空。1) _you like this magazine? 2) The gir

31、l_like bread for breakfast.3) -What_ she_ at the weekends? -She usually plays games with her friends.4) -Wha_ you do last Sunday? -I wrote to my friend.5) -Did you see a Beijing opera? -No, I_.6) He_not visit a farm last National Day holiday. 7) They_ not like playing volleyball.8) -_Jim have a picn

32、ic with his family every Saturday? -Yes, he .9)_Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?10) -How many kites_we have? -We have ten.2、找出下列句子中的錯誤，將序號填入題前括號內，并改正。( ) 1) Did you had a big lunch with your family last Spring Festival? A B C( ) 2) -What do the boy have in his pencil-box? -He has

33、a rubber. A B C( ) 3) They doesnt like the film. A B C( ) 4) Do Jim get up at six everyday? A B C( ) 5) Dont giving the ball to Liu Tao. A B C3、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞也是一類特殊的動詞，平時我們不把它說成是動詞。情態(tài)動詞可以和行為動詞同時出現(xiàn)在同一個句子中。我們現(xiàn)在學過的情態(tài)動詞有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must。注意：情態(tài)動詞后動詞總是用原形。（不受其他任何條件影響）其否定形式：can n

34、ot = cant, must not = mustnt, 注意：may not和shall not（無縮寫形式）練一練：選擇填空。( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you_stay away from the building. A. must B. cant C. shouldnt( ) 2) How many books_ you see on the desk? A. may B. can C. should( ) 3) It means you_ make noise in the library. A. should B. shouldnt C.

35、can( ) 4) -_you like a glass of milk? - Yes, please. A. May B. Could C. Would( ) 5) -_you see the sign over there? - Sorry, I cant. A. Can B. Cant C. Should( ) 6)_ we go to the park by bus? A. May B. Must C. Shall 4、行為動詞 就是我們平時上課時說的動詞，表示某一動作或行為。如：sweep、live等。行為動詞我們已學過它們的四種形式：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)+s/es、現(xiàn)在分詞（也叫動名

36、詞）+ing、過去式+ed。 （1）動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則：A、一般直接加“s”，如：play plays, visit visits, speak speaks ；B、以“s”，“x”，“sh”，“ch”結尾時，加“es”，如：catch catches, watch watches ；C、以“輔音字母+y”結尾時，變“y”為“i”再加“es”，如：carry carries, study studies 。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞（動名詞）構成規(guī)則：A、一般直接加“ing”，如：go going, do doing, look looking ；B、以不發(fā)音的“e”結尾的單詞，去“e” 加“ing

37、”，如：take taking, make making, have having ；C、以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的詞，如末尾只有一個輔音字母，需要雙寫這個字母再加“ing”，如：put putting, stop stopping, run running, get getting, swim swimming, sit sitting, begin beginning, jog jogging, forget forgetting 。（3）過去式構成規(guī)則：A、一般直接加“ed”，如：plant planted, visit visited, pick picked ；B、以不發(fā)音字母“e”結尾，直

38、接加“ed”，如：like liked, hope hoped, taste tasted ；C、以“輔音字母+y”結尾時，變“y”為“i”再加“ed”，如：try tried, carry carried, study studied ；D、有些動詞要雙寫最后一個字母，再加“ed”，如：stop stopped ；E、還有很多動詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的，請記憶：是-am(be)-was-being； 是-are(be)-were-being； 是-be-was, were-being；成為-become-became-becoming； 開始-begin-began-beginning； 彎曲-

39、bend-bent-bending；吹-blow-blew-blowing； 買-buy-bought-buying； 能-can-could-；捕捉-catch-caught-catching； 選擇-choose-chose-choosing； 來-come-came-coming；切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do, does-did-doing；畫-draw-drew-drawing；飲-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating；感覺-feel-felt-feeling；發(fā)現(xiàn)-find-found-finding；飛-fly-flew-fly

40、ing；忘記-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting；給-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成長-grow-grew-growing；有-have, has-had-having；聽-hear-heard-hearing；受傷-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing；學習-learn-learned, learnt-learning；允許，讓-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；制造-make-made-ma

41、king；可以-may-might-；意味-mean-meant-meaning；會見 -meet-met-meeting；必須-must-must-；放置-put-put-putting；讀-read-read-reading；騎、乘-ride-rode-riding；響、鳴-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；說-say-said-saying；看見-see-saw-seeing；將-shall-should-；唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡覺-sleep-slept-sleeping；說-speak-

42、spoke-speaking；度過-spend-spent-spending 。練一練：1、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。drink _go _stay _make _look _have _pass _carry _come _watch _plant _fly _study _brush _do _teach_ take_ see_2、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。put _give _fly _get _dance _sit_ run _plant _take _swim _ask _stop _take _write _have _smoke _ think_ want_ tell_3、寫出下

43、列動詞的過去式。isam _fly _plant _are _drink _play _go _make _does _ _ _dance _ _worry _ _ask _ _taste _eat _draw _put _throw _kick _pass _do _4、用動詞的適當形式填空。（1）I _to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _to school with me. Yesterday we _to school together. We like _to school very much. ( go )（2）The

44、y usually _lunch at home. But last week, they _lunch at school. ( have )（3）That_my English book. It _new. But now it _not here. It _there a moment ago. ( be )（4）My sister likes _very much. She often _at our school festival. Last term, she _a lot of songs in the school hall. She _beautifully. ( sing )（5）What _ he usually _on Sunday? He usually _his homework. Look! He _his homework now. _he _his homework last Sunday?Yes, he_. ( do )（6）Do people usually_ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Did you _moon cakes last Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, I did. I _a lot of delicio