整理初高中銜接課程

1、初高中英語銜接校本課程一、認識初、高中英語的區(qū)別 即將開始的高中學(xué)習(xí)生活，特別是英語的學(xué)習(xí)是與初中階段有著很大不同的： 1. 課本編排上的區(qū)別：初中的每一個單元是分為4課的，每篇中有的是對話，有的是閱讀文，也配有一些練習(xí)，而高中的每個單元并不分課，而是基本上按模塊(module)劃分。教材把話題、結(jié)構(gòu)、功能和任務(wù)型活動有機地結(jié)合在一起，既符合中國學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律和特點，又體現(xiàn)了新的教育教學(xué)理念。教材系統(tǒng)性強，各單元采用板塊的設(shè)計形式，有利于教師靈活整合教材內(nèi)容。高中的閱讀文分為閱讀前和閱讀后的討論、思考問題并加入了有關(guān)的語言知識的學(xué)習(xí)及練習(xí)，在閱讀教學(xué)的安排上。讀后活動的練習(xí)層次清楚，體現(xiàn)對

2、課文理解考察的三個維度：弄清事實(Factual) 分析信息(Analytical) 判斷和推理(Inferential)?？梢哉f是極大地豐富了教學(xué)內(nèi)容。除此之外還會有稍短的閱讀與聽力及寫作等方面的練習(xí)，寫作訓(xùn)練既重視結(jié)果，更重視過程，提供鋪墊性活動以加強對過程性寫作的監(jiān)督。通過聽、讀活動從語言和寫作技巧方面進行相關(guān)輸入，為學(xué)生的最終成長奠定基礎(chǔ)。 2. 在詞匯上的區(qū)別：我們初中的教材已是新版本了，每個單元的單詞可能大家覺得已經(jīng)不少了，但高中教材中的詞匯更是成倍地增加了，增加了大約2000詞。這也是新編教材的一個特點，加入了許多當(dāng)前常用的，新出現(xiàn)的流行的詞匯，也是與我們學(xué)的新編初中課本相承接的

3、，所以，為了能盡快適應(yīng)高中詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)，我們應(yīng)該及早著手把初中階段的詞匯再熟悉一遍。另外，對于高中英語詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)，大家還要知道其要求是遠遠高于初中的，在學(xué)習(xí)單詞時，我們既要了解它在文中的意思，還要掌握它在練習(xí)中，閱讀、考試中可能出現(xiàn)的所有意思，用法及搭配等。一詞多義，一詞多性，依綱不據(jù)本。 3. 在所學(xué)語法上的區(qū)別：在初中階段我們把基礎(chǔ)的語法內(nèi)容已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過了，但是語法學(xué)習(xí)沒有得到足夠的重視，不少同學(xué)對語法知之甚少，甚至一竅不通。而在高中我們要學(xué)習(xí)的是更深更高層次的語法。如定語從句，非謂語動詞、名詞性從句，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、虛擬語氣等等，其中的部分內(nèi)容我們并不陌生，但是初中我們所接觸的還只是皮毛，高中階段

4、的學(xué)習(xí)會比之前的所學(xué)內(nèi)容復(fù)雜得多，要求上也要高得多，除了看懂更要求會應(yīng)用。語法知識是英語學(xué)習(xí)的重要內(nèi)容，是日常及高考的考試范圍，所以我們要充分利用暑假把之前的漏洞彌補好，在后面的學(xué)習(xí)中，你們也會重溫這些知識并將之與高中內(nèi)容進一步融合，為大家步入高中學(xué)習(xí)打好基礎(chǔ)。 4. 在課堂要求上的區(qū)別：大部分的初中對學(xué)生的要求還是比較嚴格的，而這種嚴格與小學(xué)又是不同的，所以有一部分自覺性差的學(xué)生就被分化出來，在稍微寬松的環(huán)境中，對自己要求降低導(dǎo)致了滑坡的出現(xiàn)，而升入高中后又會有新的變化，對于自律要求就更加明顯了。如果你是按照老師要求做的學(xué)生，那么在高中除了把基本要求做好之外，自己一定不可放松，適當(dāng)增加課外閱

5、讀及一些課外習(xí)題是有必要的；如果你是不太自覺的學(xué)生，那么你要努力改掉自己的毛病，除了完成要求交給老師的作業(yè)，那些如讀、背等要求也要認真完成才能使自己的高中英語學(xué)習(xí)逐步走上軌道。不管你屬于哪一種，都要持之以恒，千萬不可因為任何原因而放松對自己的要求，即便是你已取得了一定成績，也沒有理由沾沾自喜。 5. 在考試試卷結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別：這一區(qū)別可能是影響最大的一點，我們許多同學(xué)初中英語一直較差的原因在很大程度上是由于初中試卷所涉及的內(nèi)容較少而且試題結(jié)構(gòu)完全不同于高中，很多人認為英語不用下功夫?qū)W，反正最后背背答案就可過關(guān)，這樣成績不錯，學(xué)得也很輕松。一旦抱有這種想法，初中這個重要的打基礎(chǔ)的階段就被荒廢過去了

6、，這對我們升入高中后的英語學(xué)習(xí)是極為不利的，這就好比是建造沒有基礎(chǔ)的空中樓閣，肯定會感到很難，很吃力。進入高中之后我們的考試是沒有比較明確的特定范圍，不能靠背答案過關(guān)，而且所學(xué)所考的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該都是向高考看齊的，難度肯定不小，但同學(xué)們也不要害怕，只要努力學(xué)習(xí)，堅持不懈，認真積累，完成好每天的功課，做好充分迎接失敗的心理準備，然后在每次經(jīng)歷中吸取經(jīng)驗，一點點地彌補自己的不足，肯定會取得很好的成績。練習(xí) 句子改錯：每小題有一個錯誤（多詞、缺詞或錯詞），多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉，在右邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉；缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），在右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞；在錯的詞下劃一橫線，在右邊橫線上寫出改

7、正后的詞1. It took Jack two hours climb the mountain . _ 2. The tomatoes I picked are much more redder than yours . _ 3. They have never had the chance to be there ago ._ 4. Even he is old , my grandpa works on the farm . _ 5. You are terrible ill . Youd better stay in bed . _ 6. The nearest village is

8、about one hundred miles far away ._ 7. I dont like going out lonely after dark ._ 8. Im fed up waiting for her letter . _ 9. Birds flew back because the fine environment . _ 10. The students entered into the classroom one by one . _ 高考試題 （2011新課標）第一節(jié) 短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你

9、同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均限一詞。2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。My summer travel started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here

10、 and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag Form the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very strange to travel without

11、any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.二 、基礎(chǔ)知識回顧 考眼力 指出下列單詞的詞性shape woolen activity increase successfully because grateful book beside instruction embarrassed impress disappointing incorrectly aim unle

12、ss from if 詞性講解名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的方法1. 基本變化: boy_, pen_， class_, fox_, brush_, watch_，stomach_， baby_，safe_, roof_, belief_,thief_,life_,knife_,leaf_, wife_, shelf_, self_, half_, wolf_, hero_, tomato_, potato_, piano_, photo_, zoo_, radio_, video_。2. 不規(guī)則變化: man_, woman_, policeman_, Englishman_, German_, foot

13、_, tooth_, goose_, child_, mouse_, sheep_, deer _, fish_, Chinese_, Japanese_3. a _ writer / some _ writers(女作家), a_ friend/ some _friends 女朋友, _plan(銷售計劃)，_ car（跑車）。名詞所有格1. a mans voice=the voice _ a man ; _(beginners) class 初級班; This is _ room. 這是湯姆和邁克共住的房間。Its less than two _ drive from here.開車到那

14、里不到2個鐘頭。We had a great evening at Pauls. 我們在_度過了一個愉快的夜晚。She bought a bottle of vitamin tablets at the chemists. 她在_買了一瓶維生素片。Youll find the answers at the back _ _ _. 在書后你可找到答案。2. a, an, this, that, some, several, no, each, every+名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞/名詞-s。This tool _ _ is useful. 他的這個工具很有用。Two friends of m

15、y _ came to see me. 我父親的兩個朋友來看我。代詞用法·人稱代詞主格_做主語賓格_做動詞、介詞的賓語意義我你他她它我們你們他們 物主代詞形容詞性_名詞性_意義我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的反身代詞 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱單數(shù)_ _ / _ /_復(fù)數(shù) _ _ _反身代詞主要用作賓語(動詞賓語和介詞賓語)和同位語。如：All of them enjoyed _. 所有的人都玩得很好。 Help _ to some fish. 請自己動手吃點魚吧。You dont seem yourself today. 你今天_。不定代詞1. some

16、 和any I must get _ fruit in the market. Do you have _ books for children? Would you like _ bananas? You can read _ of the books. 你可以看這些書中的任何一本。2. all /both/ either/ neither/noneCopper and silver are _ metals. 銅和銀都是金屬。Not _ women like the word Ms. 并非所有的女性都喜歡Ms這個詞。_ of the telephones are/is working. 所

17、有的電話都壞了。_ of us enjoy getting up early. 我們倆誰也不喜歡早起。There are trees on _ side (=on both sides). 兩邊都有樹。3. each 和everyThe students _ have a dictionary. 學(xué)生每人有一本字典。He comes home _ two weeks. 他每隔兩周回家一次。4. other, the other, others, the othersDont cut in when _ are talking. 別人說話時別插話。Only Jim was there. _had

18、 left. 只有吉姆在那兒，其余的人都離開了。There are _ways to do this exercise. 做這個練習(xí)還可用別的方法。It is hard to tell the twin brothers one from _. 這對孿生兄弟很難辨認。5. much 和manyHis name is familiar to _ people. 他的名字許多人熟悉。The children have too _ homework to do. 孩子們家庭作業(yè)太多。6. few 和 a few ; little 和a little_ apples remained on the t

19、ree. 樹上沒什么蘋果了。_ apples remained on the tree. 樹上還剩有幾個蘋果。I have _ spare time. 我很少有空余時間。I have _ spare time. 我有一點點空余時間。7. 復(fù)合不定代詞somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing(1)復(fù)合代詞后習(xí)慣上不接表示范圍的of 短語，但分開寫的any one, every one 等卻可以接 of 短語。如：

20、_ of us agrees to stay. 我們每個人都同意留下。(2)修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞必須置于其后。如：判斷對錯：發(fā)生什么特別的事情了嗎?Has special anything happened? （ ）Has anything special happened? （ ）it的特殊用法1. There is a knock on the door. _ must be the postman. 有人在敲門，一定是郵遞員。2. _to go there now. 現(xiàn)在去那兒已經(jīng)太遲了。_all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。3. Its time _/_ _st

21、h. 該做某事了。/ Its time _ sb to do sth. 某人該干某事了。It is time _. 是我們努力學(xué)習(xí)英語的時間了。4. (1) It + be + adj. to do sth/ doing sth./ that-clause/ wh-clause._ to remember this. 記住這一點很重要。Its unknown _. 他什么時候來還不知道。(2) It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事It is hard _ him to make up his mind. It was foolish _ her

22、to say such a thing.  (3) It takes/took sb + 時間段 + to do sth. 某人做某事花了時間It _ years to master a new language. 要花多年的時間才能掌握一門新的語言。(4)It look (seem, appear) that as if 似乎It seemed as if/ as though he didnt recognize me. 譯：_5. 主語+動詞+it+賓語補足語+不定式(動名詞或從句)_ to do the job well. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)做好這件事不容易。_ complaining.

23、 我們認為抱怨是沒有用的。冠詞用法·不定冠詞1.Give me _ _. 給我一個蘋果。A Mr. Brown wishes to see you. 一位叫布朗的先生想見你。2.用于某些習(xí)慣用語中a lot of a number of a little as a result as a rule have a rest have a cold    have a good time in a hurry in a word make a living定冠詞1. The manager you want to see was here just

24、 now.（表特指）The computer is a great invention.（表類別）The young should respect the old.（表類別）2. 用在某些習(xí)慣用語中at the same timeby the way go to the cinema in the end in the past in the morning on the other hand in the dark 冠詞小練1. My neighbor asked me to go for_ walk, but I don't think I've got _energy.A

25、. a: 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. a; the2. Its not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the3. I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train.A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a4. _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An; th

26、e B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填5. This area experienced_ heaviest rainfall in _month of May.A 不填; a B a ; the C the ; the D the ; a6. What_ pity that you couldnt be there to receive_ prize! Aa；a Bthe；a Ca；the Dthe；the7. Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for while. A. the; th

27、e B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a形容詞和副詞·比較等級 1. 基本形式old_high_; big_ thin_ busy_ heavy_ ; large_ free_important_ difficult_2.比較等級前常見修飾語歸納Its _ _ colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天稍冷一點。Shes much/ a good deal better today.譯：_There are far more people than we expected. 譯：_It was even colde

28、r than yesterday. 譯：_This is by far the best. 譯：_Hainan is Chinas _ _ island. 海南是中國第二大島。動詞 · 動詞的基本形式五種基本形式：動詞原形、一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。A. 第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成write_, guess_, mix_, finish_, catch_, study_注：不規(guī)則變化的有have_, be_, go_, do_等。B. 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成study_, work_, write_, move_, get_, begin_lie_, die_C. 過去

29、式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成ask_, work_, love_, dance_, try_, study_, stop_, permit_。注意不規(guī)則變化的動詞，如：have_, be_, go_, do_, give-_, leave-_等。及物動詞與不及物動詞根據(jù)其后是否帶賓語，動詞可分為及物動詞(帶賓語)和不及物動詞(不帶賓語)。如：When will he arrive? 他什么時候到？(arrive 不帶賓語，為_動詞)He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到達北京。(reach 帶了賓語，為_動詞)有的動詞既可用作及物動詞也可用作不及物動詞：He is writ

30、ing.  他在寫字。（_用法）He is writing a letter.  他在寫信。（_用法）延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞根據(jù)動作是否延續(xù)，動詞可分為延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞：延續(xù)性動詞就是指所表示的動作可以延續(xù)的動詞，非延續(xù)性動詞就是指所表示的動作不可以延續(xù)的動詞。It rained for three days. (rain為_動詞)She arrived yesterday evening. 她是昨天晚上到的。(arrive為_動詞)Mother bought us some new clothes. 媽媽給我們買了一些新衣服。(buy為_動詞)I waited

31、for you for half an hour. 我等了你半個鐘頭。(wait為延續(xù)性動詞)注：非延續(xù)性動詞在肯定句中通常不與表示時間段連用的for短語連用。謂語動詞與非謂語動詞根據(jù)其是否能用作謂語，動詞可分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞。謂語動詞在句中可用作謂語，而非謂語動詞則不用作謂語(但可用作主語、賓語、補語、狀語、定語等)。非謂語動詞包括不定式、動名詞、分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）三種：He lives in Shanghai. (live 為_動詞)I want to go home. (want 為_動詞，to go 為_動詞)He enjoyed watching TV. (enjoy為

32、_動詞，watching為_動詞)He had his hair cut. 他理發(fā)了。(had 為_動詞，cut 為_動詞)時態(tài)1He often _(come) late.Summer_( follow) spring. 春天之后是夏天。Here _(come) the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。I will give it to him as soon as I_( see )him. He will come if you _(invite) him. The plane _(take) off at 11:30 and _(arrive) in Sha

33、nghai at l:20. 2.He_(be) here just now.We often _(play) together when we were children. 我們小時候常在一起玩。He opened the door,_（rush）out and then _(disappear).Your phone number again? I _(dont/didnt) quite catch it. Its 2566666. 3. _ a meeting. 他們在開會。_ at an evening school. 我在上夜校。Im leaving tomorrow. 譯_My f

34、ather is always losing his car keys. 譯_ (不滿) Shes always helping people. 譯_ (贊揚) )4. During the summer of 1999 she was travelling in Europe. 譯_He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 譯_She was always thinking of others. 譯_5. At this time tomorrow, Ill be taking a test. 譯_Well be spending th

35、e winter in Australia. 我們將在澳大利亞過冬。Were spending the winter in Australia. 6. Ill (=I _/_) do a better job next time. 下次我要干得好些。What are you going to do tomorrow? 譯_Look at the dark clouds; its going to rain. 譯_7. I knew you would agree. 譯_。8. I _ the film already. 我已經(jīng)看過那部電影了。We_thousands of trees in t

36、he past few years. 過去幾年我們種了成千上萬棵樹。So far there _ no bad news. 到現(xiàn)在為止還沒有什么壞消息。I saw Julia in April and I _ her since. 我四月見到朱莉婭，從那之后就沒見到她了。It is the first time that I _(visit) your beautiful city.Thats the most interesting book I_. 這是我看過的最有意思的書。9. By the time he was twelve, Edison _(begin) to make a li

37、ving by himself. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _(be away) for almost an hour. 被動語態(tài)Rice _ _ (grow) in south China. / The glass _ _ (break)yesterday. The project _ _ _ (carry) out. 這個計劃正在執(zhí)行中。This road _ _ _ (build) this time last year. The cars _ _ _ (send) abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。The manager

38、said the project _ _ _ (complete)by the end of the year. 經(jīng)理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。This novel _ _ _ (translate) into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets _ already _ _ （sell）out. The environment _ _ _ (improve). 環(huán)境應(yīng)當(dāng)改善。鞏固練習(xí)：A.用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.   I_(teach) here s

39、ince I finished school.2.    The students of Class Two_(sweep) their classroom now.3.   The Reads_(not listen) to the radio at that time.4. How long _you_(live) in this town?5. -When_you_(see) him? -I_(see) him last Sunday.6. Mary said that she _(visit) her au

40、nt  the  next week.7. When I got to the station, the train_ already_(leave). 8. The desk must_(clean) once a day.9. The dog_(lie) on the floor when I came in.10. She said that the car_(use) the next week.11. Her mother_(cook) at this time yesterday.12. The students _(do) the

41、ir homework._( not   make) any noise!13. -  _you ever_(be) to Beijing? -Yes. I_(go) there last week.14. He'll telephone us as soon as he_(arrive) there.15. Jiefang trucks_(make) in Changchun.16. The radio_(use) once in a week in our class. It_(not use) yesterda

42、y because there was something wrong with it. B單項填空1. They wont buy any new clothes because they _ money to buy a new car.A. save B. were saving C. have saved D. are saving2. My parents have promised to come to see me before I _ for Africa. A. have left B. leave C. left D. will leave3. This is t

43、he first time we_ a film in the cinema together as a family. A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen4. Why dont we choose that road to save time ?The bridge to it _ .A. has repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be repaired5. Were you surprised by the ending of the film? No, I _ the boo

44、k, so I already knew the story. A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read 6. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _ fresh watermelon in the fall. A. eat B. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eating 7. He _ caught in the rain yesterday and is now in hospital. I'm sorry to

45、hear that. A. had B. is C. got D. had been8. The police found that the house _and a lot of things _. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into ; had been stolenC. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen9. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. had completed

46、 B. completes C. has completed D. is completed10. -Harry! You _ on the phone. -Oh, _. Thank you.A are wanted; I come B. are wanted; Im comingC. are being wanted ; I come D. are being wanted; Im coming英語句子成分知識組成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。英語的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分為：主語，謂語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語，賓語補足語。一、主語表明句子里所談的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主語

47、常用名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)。例如:Lily likes her new bike.(名詞) He gets up early every day.(代詞) To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短語）二、謂語說明或描述主語的動作、狀態(tài)或特征，由動詞或動詞短語充當(dāng)，位于主語之后。如： We work hard. The boy caught a bird. He is my father. They all look fine. 謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)方面必須保持一致。例如：I am reading. You are reading. HeShe is reading. We are reading.三、賓語賓語是動作行為的對象。由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或代詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)，和及物動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語“做什么”。例如：Tom bought a story-book.（名詞）I saw him yesterday. （代詞）He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短語）直接賓語和間接賓語有些及物動詞可