數(shù)學(xué)用語的英文讀法

1、數(shù)學(xué)式和數(shù)學(xué)用語的英文讀法一、Number 數(shù)字 106：one million109：one billion (or one thousand million)1012：one trillion (or one million million)1015：one quadrillion(or one thousand million million)1018：one quintillion (or one million million million)二、Fractions 分?jǐn)?shù) 通常將分子讀為基數(shù)，將分母讀為序數(shù)。 1/2：a (or one) half 1/3：a (or one) th

2、ird 1/4：a quarter or one fourth 2/3：two thirds, two over three, or two by three 9/10：nine tenths, nine over ten, or nine by ten4：four per mill (or mil)三、Decimals 小數(shù) 0.4：zero (or naught) point four .01：point (or decimal) naught (or oh) one 12.34：twelve point three four 30.45：thirty point four five, 0

3、.3333333.： point three repeating (or recurring) 四、Mathematic Forms 數(shù)學(xué)式(4-1) Addition 加法 1+2=3：One and two are three.2+3=5：Two plus three equals five. 4+0=4：Four and naught is equal to four. 45+70+152=267：45, 70 and 152 added are (or make) 267 the sum (or total) is 267. (4-2) Subtraction 減法 (4-3) Mul

4、tiplication 乘法 (4-4) Division 除法 五、Power 冪次方bn 當(dāng)中， b 被稱為底數(shù) (base)，n 被稱為指數(shù) (power or exponent) bn：the nth power of b 或 b to the nth power.a×107：a times the seventh power of ten.b 的平方：b square or b squared b 的立方：b cube or b cubed b 的4次方：b to the fourth b 的-1次方：b to the minus one 八、其它log(x)：the lo

5、garithm of x logb(x)：the logarithm of x to the base b5 : 3：five to three 45 度角： forty-five degree angle二元一次方程式： linear (or simple) equation with two unknowns 一元二次方程式： quadratic equation with one unknown九、符號(hào)的英文讀法 (9-1) Punctuation Marks 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)中文英文中文英文§分節(jié)號(hào)section; division -破折號(hào)dash。句號(hào)period斜線virgul

6、e; slash ，逗號(hào)comma反斜線backslash：冒號(hào)colon波浪號(hào)tilde (or swung dash) ；分號(hào)semicolon.省略號(hào)ellipsis ！驚嘆號(hào)exclamation( )圓括號(hào)parenthesesat ' '單引號(hào)single quotation marks'所有格號(hào)apostrophe“ ”雙引號(hào)double quotation marks？問號(hào)question mark法文引號(hào)或書名號(hào)French quotes.點(diǎn)dot 方括號(hào)(square) brackets *星號(hào)asterisk (or star) 大括號(hào)braces

7、箭號(hào)arrow 雙線號(hào)parallel (9-2) Mathematical Symbols (I) 數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào) (一)中文英文中文英文 等號(hào)is equal to不大于is not more than不等號(hào)is not equal to 百分之per cent (or percent)約等于is approximately equal to千分之per mill (or mil)小于is less than全等號(hào)is equivalent to 大于is more than約等于is approximately equal to 小于等于is less than or equal to; is

8、 no more than與成比例varies as大于等于is more than or equal to;is no less than無限大infinity不小于is not less than以及and (or ampersand)(9-3) Mathematical Symbols (II) 數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào) (二)中文英文中文英文加號(hào)正號(hào)plus 平方根(square) root 減號(hào)負(fù)號(hào)minus 積分integral of×乘號(hào)is multiplied by 總和summation of ¸除號(hào)is divided by°度degree ±正負(fù)

9、號(hào)plus or minus 分minute 因?yàn)閟ince; because秒second 所以hence 攝氏centigrade角angle °F華氏(degree) Fahrenheit半圓semicircle n!n階乘the factorial of n圓circle hat圓周circumference|a|a 的絕對值the absolute value of a圓周率pilog a對數(shù)(common) logarithm三角形triangleln a自然對數(shù)natural logarithm垂直is perpendicular tosin正弦sine合集union

10、ofcos余弦cosine交集intersection oftan正切tangent數(shù)字numbercot余切cotangent$美元dollarsec正割secantf(a)a 的函式the function of acsc余割cosecant十、Common Words in Mathematics 數(shù)學(xué)常用字匯(10-1) Science 科學(xué)公理axiom推論corollary定理theorem反例counterexample定律law; principle演繹deduct (v); deduction(n)證明 prove; verify歸納induct (v); induction

11、(n) 假設(shè); 假說hypothesis; hypotheses(pl.)經(jīng)驗(yàn)式的heuristic命題proposition算法algorithm(10-2) Numbers 數(shù)數(shù)number十進(jìn)制decimal system數(shù)字digit二進(jìn)制binary system自然數(shù)natural number十六進(jìn)制hexadecimal system整數(shù)integer有理數(shù)rational number小數(shù)decimal; decimal fraction; decimal figure無理數(shù)irrational number小數(shù)點(diǎn)decimal point實(shí)數(shù)real number循環(huán)小數(shù)r

12、ecurring decimal; periodic decimal; repeating decimal虛數(shù)imaginary number無盡小數(shù)infinite decimal復(fù)數(shù)complex number正positive有效數(shù)字significant digit負(fù)negative無效數(shù)字insignificant digit零null, zero, naught, nil因子factor無窮大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)公因子common factor無窮小infinitesimal倍數(shù)multiple分?jǐn)?shù)fraction公倍數(shù)common multiple分

13、子numerator質(zhì)數(shù)prime number分母denominator因式分解factorization(n); factorize(v)倒數(shù)reciprocal; inverse近似值approximate value(10-3) Operations (I) 運(yùn)算(一)加plus(prep.); add(v.); addition(n.)被乘數(shù)multiplicand; faciend被加數(shù)augend; summand乘數(shù)multiplier; multiplicator加數(shù)addend積product和sum除divided by(prep.); divide(v.); divis

14、ion(n.)減minus (prep.); subtract(v.); subtraction (n.)被除數(shù)dividend被減數(shù)minuend除數(shù)divisor減數(shù)subtrahend商quotient乘times(prep.); multiply(v.); multiplication(n.)余數(shù)remainder(10-4) Operations (II) 運(yùn)算(二)計(jì)算calculation對數(shù)logarithm運(yùn)算operation指數(shù); 冪; 乘方exponent; power算術(shù)arithmetic二次方; 平方square運(yùn)算符operator三次方; 立方cube等于eq

15、uals, is equal to, is equivalent to四次方the power of four;the fourth power大于is greater thann次方the power of n;the nth power小于is lesser than開方evolution; extraction大于等于is more than or equal to;is no less than二次方根;平方根square root小于等于is less than or equal to; is no more than三次方根;立方根 cube root比ratio四次方根the r

16、oot of four; the fourth root進(jìn)位carryn次方根the root of n; the nth root通分reduction to a common denominator截尾truncation約分reduction of a fraction四舍五入round微積分calculus下舍入floor (or round down)微分differential上舍入ceil (or round up)偏微分partial differential絕對值absolute value; modulus導(dǎo)數(shù)derivative階乘factorial積分integral內(nèi)

17、積inner product定積分definite integral加權(quán)weight, significance不定積分indefinite integral轉(zhuǎn)換transform 差分difference旋積convolution (10-5) Algebras and Functions 代數(shù)與函數(shù)代數(shù)algebra方程式equation; function 系數(shù)coefficient公式formula; formulae(pl.)未知數(shù)unknown; x-factor; y-factor; z-factor恒等式identity常數(shù)constant單項(xiàng)式monomial變數(shù)variab

18、le多項(xiàng)式polynomial; multinomial函數(shù)functionn次多項(xiàng)式nth order polynomial定義域domain; field of definition一次方程linear (or simple) equation值域range二次方程quadratic equation等式 equality三次方程cubic equation不等式inequalitym元n次方程式nth order equation with m unknowns (10-6) Properties 性質(zhì)極限limit奇偶性parity正交orthogonal(a); orthogonal

19、ity(n)對稱性symmetry交換律commutativity可逆性reversibility結(jié)換律associativity單調(diào)性monotonicity分配律distributivity周期性periodicity(10-7) Sets and Logic 集合與邏輯集合set; aggregate聯(lián)集union元素element補(bǔ)集complement子集subset充分條件sufficient condition空集void必要條件necessary condition交集intersection充分且必要if and only if(10-8) Geometry (I) 幾何 (

20、一)幾何geometry頂點(diǎn)vertex點(diǎn)point邊side線line直角邊leg面plane斜邊hypotenuse體solid底base平行parallel高h(yuǎn)eight相交intersect三角形triangle垂直; 正交perpendicular; vertical; orthogonal 銳角三角形acute triangle角angle直角三角形right triangle角度degree鈍角三角形obtuse triangle弧度radian不等邊三角形scalene triangle銳角acute angle等邊三角形equilateral triangle直角right

21、angle等腰三角形isosceles triangle鈍角obtuse angle四邊形quadrilateral平角straight angle長length周角perigon寬width圓circle對角線diagonal圓心centre(BrE), center(AmE)平行四邊形parallelogram半徑radius矩形rectangle直徑diameter正方形square圓周率pi菱形rhomb; rhombus; rhombi(pl.); diamond弧arc梯形trapezoid半圓semicircle直角梯形right trapezoid扇形sector; fan等腰

22、梯形isosceles trapezoid環(huán)ring五邊形pentagon橢圓ellipse六邊形hexagon圓周circumference七邊形heptagon面積area八邊形octagon周長perimeter九邊形enneagon勾股定理Pythagorean theorem十邊形decagon多邊形polygon十一邊形hendecagon正多邊形equilateral polygon十二邊形dodecagon(10-9) Geometry (II) 幾何 (二)相似similar球sphere全等congruent半球hemisphere立方體cube圓錐cone多面體polyh

23、edron圓柱cylinder三角錐pyramid圓臺(tái)frustum of a cone三角柱prism內(nèi)切圓inscribed circle棱臺(tái)frustum of a prism外切圓circum circle四面體tetrahedron空間space五面體pentahedron維dimension六面體hexahedronn維n-dimension平行六面體parallelepipedn度空間n-dimensional space七面體heptahedron三角trigonometry八面體octahedron正弦sine九面體enneahedron余弦cosine十面體decahedr

24、on正切tangent十一面體hendecahedron余切cotangent十二面體dodecahedron正割secant二十面體icosahedron余割cosecant底面undersurface反正弦arc sine內(nèi)心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)反余弦arc cosine外心excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)反正切arc tangent旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)反余切arc cotangent垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)反正割arc secant重心bar

25、ycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)反余割arc cosecant體積volume投影projection表面積surface area旋轉(zhuǎn)rotation(10-10) Geometry (III): Lines and Coordinates 幾何 (三)： 線與坐標(biāo)軌跡locus, loci(pl.)向量vector坐標(biāo)系coordinate象限quadrant直角坐標(biāo)系Cartesian coordinate system線段segment圓坐標(biāo)系polar coordinate system直線straight line球坐標(biāo)系spherical coordinate system曲線; 弧線curve軸axis射線radial坐標(biāo)軸x-axis, y-axis, z-axis雙曲線hyperbola橫坐標(biāo)x-coordinate拋物線parabola縱坐標(biāo)