高中英語(yǔ)：全面回顧被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(四)-高中英語(yǔ)

1、高中英語(yǔ)：全面回顧被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(四)-高中英語(yǔ)                全面回顧被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(四)     七、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 當(dāng)“be+過(guò)去分詞”作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)，be后面的過(guò)去分詞是表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：1如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例The glass is

2、broken （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The glass was broken by the boy （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）2如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例The door is locked （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The door haslready/just been locked（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）3被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時(shí)態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動(dòng)詞be只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。例 The machine is being repaired八、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與高考試題的內(nèi)容'>高考試題賞析1 高考對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查例析1). In some parts of the

3、world, tea _ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served解析 B 因?yàn)閟erve是及物動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)作承受者tea作主語(yǔ)，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2). This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)A. killed B. is killedC. was killed D. was killing解析 C Te

4、d是kill的承受者，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且Ted救人發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3). - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painting解析 A “house”和“paint”應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，排除B，D。后者未搬進(jìn)新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，排除C。4). When and where to

5、go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. （上海春2003）A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided解析 D decide是及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者通常是人，句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以decide要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。從題干的語(yǔ)境和關(guān)鍵詞yet，可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不定式做主語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that

6、 four-fifths of the tickets _.（上海春2001）A. was booked B. had been bookedC. were booked D. have been booked解析 B 句中tickets是book(訂票)的承受者，主謂為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因票已被訂出應(yīng)發(fā)生在entered the office這個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作之前，所以要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2高考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí), 須用被動(dòng)式。弄清非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。1). Having a trip abroad is

7、certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)A. to see B. to be seenC. seeing D. seen解析 B 根據(jù)題意，那對(duì)老夫婦是否到國(guó)外旅行是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)使用不定式，故排除掉C、D兩項(xiàng)；又因remains的邏輯主語(yǔ)it是動(dòng)詞see說(shuō)表示動(dòng)作的承受者，即“到國(guó)外旅行”這件事，這件事有待于“被決定”，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。2). While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into

8、buying something they dont really need. （上海1996）A. to persuaded B. persuadingC. being persuaded D. be persuaded解析 C cant help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顧客應(yīng)是“被勸說(shuō)”購(gòu)物的，要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3）. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. （上海2002）A. is to blame B. is going to blameC. is to be blamed D. should blame解析 A feel的賓語(yǔ)從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，在某些場(chǎng)合可用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如to blame， to let等。